1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Lions，tigers and other animals are staying awake at night    1    （avoid）human beings，a new study finds．

Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature．Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away    2    people．By being awake at night，animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time    3    （look）for food．

The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can    4    （fright）animals and cause them to become more active at night．    5    had been studied were lions in Tanzania，tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil．Researchers compared    6    （careful）how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities，such as hunting and farming．    7    was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night time activities，even in creatures that usually sleep at night．Results    8    （publish）in the journal Science two months ago．

The new findings are    9    （usual）because no one else has looked at it in such detail before Ecologist Marlee Tucker was    10    （surprise）that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat．

2 . 环保节约是我们每个地球人的责任。假设你是李华，最近正在和你的美国朋友Jack讨论如何进行“低碳生活”。请你就“低碳生活之我见”给Jack写一封回信，内容包括：1. “低碳生活”的重要性； 2. 如何做到“低碳生活”；3. 邀请对方参加“全球低碳行动”。
注意：1、词数100左右；

2、开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；

3、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

提示词：低碳生活：low-carbon life
Dear Jack,

How is everything going?

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Yours,

Li Hua

3 . Vinegar makes salad，fries and dumplings taste better， and you can even use it to clean your windows． And now， according to scientists， it may even the planet's population survive climate change．

Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science （CSRS） in Japan found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts． This could mean that in the future， worries about climate change affecting the world's supply of food will be much lower． The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis， a plant known for its ability to survive in dry weather． It was found that when the plant was placed in drought﹣like conditions， it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）﹣the main component of vinegar．

After discovering this， the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants， before they stopped giving them water completely． After leaving the plants for 14days， they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived， while the untreated plants had dried up and died．

It's hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive． "In the experiment， we targeted the staple foods of the world﹣rice， wheat and maize﹣and the basic plant of breeding species， rapeseed（油菜籽），" Jong Myong Kim， co﹣author of the study， told Popular Science magazine．

Kim also told the magazine he's already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost﹣effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners． Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isn't as easy as just pouring vinegar over them， Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as possible． "Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers， and also some companies， to make a method to apply this system， "he said． And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we goaway， hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favorite flowers have died．

1. What is the article mainly about？

A．The world's food supply will be increased．

B．Plants better survive droughts．

C．The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts．

D．Vinegar could be used to fight droughts．

2. It was discovered that acetate can　 　．

A．be used by farmers to replace soil

B．only be produced by the Arabidopsis

C．help plants survive dry conditions

D．be used to improve poor soil

3. What are the target plants of the experiment？

A．all breeding species．

B．wheat and Arabidopisis．

C．rice and maize．

D．rapeseed and Arabidopisis．

4. Jong Myong Kim's experiment of trying out the method　 　．

A．can make people's trips pleasant

B．turned out a worldwide success

C．is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plants

D．appeals to many flower growing companies

4 . If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me.     1    

The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.     2     We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor’s bill for my son’s food poisoning.

I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness.     3     Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life.

    4     We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains.

    5     It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.

A．This time there was no tent.

B．Things are going to be improved.

C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.

D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.

E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.

F．After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.

G．There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.

5 . Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?

UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined .Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition “depending on who needs it”.

Nitrogen（氮）and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi（真菌）networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons（神经元）in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.

Simard talks about “mother trees”, usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend .She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow .When humans cut down “mother trees” with no awareness of these highly complex “tree societies” or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.

“We didn't take any notice of it.” Simard says sadly. “Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance.” If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.

1. The underlined sentence “the opposite is true” in Paragragh2 probably means that trees____.

A．provide support for dying trees

B．protect their own wealth

C．compete for survival

D．depend on each other

2. “Mother trees” are extremely important because they________.

A．pass on nutrition to young trees

B．know more about the complex “tree societies”

C．look the largest in size in the forest

D．seem more likely to be cut down by humans

3. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to ___________.

A．how trees grow old

B．how “tree societies” work

C．how forestry industry develops

D．how young trees survive

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Trees Contribute To Our Society

B．Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection

C．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think

D．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans

6 . Valencia is in the east part of Spain. It has a port on the sea, two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia.

The city is a market center for what is produced by the land around the city. Most of the city's money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city, with ships, railways, clothes and machine factories.

Valencia has an old part with white buildings, colored roofs and narrow streets. The modern part has long, wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The university in the center of the city was built in the 13th century.

The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela named Valencia.

1. Valencia is the capital of _______.

A．Spain

B．Venezuela

C．Valencia

D．Uganda

2. Valencia is famous for its _______.

A．farm products	B．parks and gardens
C．clothes and machines	D．ships and railways

3. Which of the following things can not be seen in the old part of Valencia?

A．shops

B．factories

C．white buildings

D．wide streets

4. There is a city named Valencia in _______.

A．Spain and Britain	B．Venezuela and Britain
C．Spain and Venezuela	D．Spain and Vietnam

7 . Have you ever wondered when dogs first became “man’s best friend” and the world’s favourite pet? If you have then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-by-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated (驯养) by humans. They came to life some 15, 000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.

Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls (头骨) have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolves and that some scientists think could be dogs.

With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice fields evolved (进化) from Asian wolves, not American ones.

Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.

But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, originally living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.

1. Which of the following is the statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?

A．They originally were used as farm animals.

B．They evolved from wolves found in Europe.

C．They helped the development of agriculture.

D．They were the first animal to be trained by humans.

2. Why does the writer first mention the 30,000-year-old animals’ skulls?

A．To show that dogs were much larger in the past.

B．To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves.

C．To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier.

D．To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium.

3. How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?

A．By examining the animals, DNA.

B．By analyzing the age of their bones.

C．By studying the shape of their skulls.

D．By comparing them with modern clogs.

4. Why did dogs start living with humans?

A．Because they were attracted by food.

B．Because they were trapped by humans.

C．Because they couldn’t survive in the wild.

D．Because they were trained to protect the villages.

8 . Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air,water and sunlight. Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you， you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed， some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores（胚芽）。 Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places， they usually grow into new plants.
1. The main idea of the first paragraph is that ______.

A．plants are important for life

B．plants cannot grow without air

C．there are many plants in the world

D．we can not live without water

2. Plants can make food from______.

A．flower,water and air	B．water,sunlight and air
C．air,water and soil	D．air,sun and light

3. What can we infer(推断) from the passage ?

A．Of all living things animals are most important

B．Without plants,man will die out

C．All fruits of flowering plants have seeds

D．Spores are seeds

4. This passage may be taken from______.

A．a medicine book	B．a science magazine
C．a novel	D．an experiment report

9 . 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As is well-known that birds are our friends. But the large number of birds have been killed for food. The other day I was walking in the woods while a shot was heard. Hearing the shot, the bird in the trees flew to all directions. A bird was injured badly and looked sadly. Finding the bird injured, so I decided to take it home. At home I take good care of it. When it recovered, I returned itself to the woods. I hope something should be done to prevent birds from killed.

10 . In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The _______ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of _______ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we _______ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to _______ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. _______ modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and _______.

Another cause is our _______of disposable (一次性的) products. As _______ people, we are always looking for _______ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ________ thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also ________ to the problem. We are ________ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ________ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ________ useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the ________ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ________ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ________, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ________, this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ________ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ________. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

1.

A．key

B．reason

C．project

D．problem

2.

A．gifts

B．rubbish

C．debt

D．products

3.

A．face

B．become

C．observe

D．change

4.

A．hide

B．control

C．replace

D．withdraw

5.

A．Thanks to

B．As to

C．Except for

D．Regardless of

6.

A．safe

B．funny

C．cheap

D．powerful

7.

A．love

B．lack

C．prevention

D．division

8.

A．sensitive

B．kind

C．brave

D．busy

9.

A．ways

B．places

C．jobs

D．friends

10.

A．donate

B．receive

C．produce

D．preserve

11.

A．adapts

B．returns

C．responds

D．contributes

12.

A．tired of

B．addicted to

C．worried about

D．ashamed for

13.

A．newer

B．stronger

C．higher

D．larger

14.

A．pick up

B．pay for

C．hold onto

D．throw away

15.

A．advantages

B．purposes

C．functions

D．consequences

16.

A．show

B．record

C．decrease

D．measure

17.

A．technology

B．environment

C．consumers

D．brands

18.

A．However

B．Otherwise

C．Therefore

D．Meanwhile

19.

A．by

B．in favour of

C．after

D．instead of

20.

A．spending

B．collecting

C．repairing

D．advertising