1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s accumulated experience in reducing food loss and waste is being shared with the world. This knowledge will help many countries improve their ability    1     (reduce) food loss and ensure food security, experts and officials said.

About 14 percent of the world’s food is lost during from    2    (produce) to retail (零售). Reducing that loss by 1 percentage point would be equal to a 28 million metric ton increase in grain output,     3    could feed 70 million people for a year. This is according to the State of Food and Agriculture 2019 report released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.

According to the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, the    4    (high) number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks    5    (relate) to COVID-19.

Wu Laping,     6    professor at China Agricultural University’s College of Economics and Management, said food loss and waste is    7    (large) affected by economic development. They noted that    8    (develop) countries lose food mainly before it is retailed, whereas developed countries mainly lose it after retail.

    9    example, food loss and waste mostly occurs in harvesting and storage in Africa and South Asia. Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa, and 21 percent of food in the United States    10    (waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.

2 . A study from the University of California, Davis is the first to document personality in golden-mantled ground squirrels, which are common across the western US and parts of Canada, The study found the squirrels show personality for four main aspects: boldness（大胆）, aggressiveness, activity level, and sociability. The findings suggest that understanding how an animal’s personality influences the use of space is important for wildlife conservation.

The fact that ground squirrels have personalities may not seem surprising. But the scientific field of animal personality is relatively young, as is the recognition that there are ecological consequences of animal personalities. For instance, bolder, more aggressive squirrels may find more food or defend a larger area, but their risky behavior may also make them easily hurt by predators（捕食者）or accidents. Lead author Jaclyn Aliperti conducted the study while earning her PhD in ecology at UC Davis.

Scientists have been studying golden-mantled ground squirrels at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, Colorado for decades. It was established as a long-term study site more than 30 years ago by Aliperti’s advisor, Dirk Van Vuren. Aliperti drew from this powerful data set for her study, while also starting a series of experiments there over the course of three summers to observe and quantify the squirrels’ personalities. Overall, the study, published in the journal Animal Behaviour, found that bolder squirrels had larger core areas where they concentrated their activities. Bold, active squirrels moved faster. Also, squirrels that were bolder, more aggressive and more active had greater access to habitats, such as rocks. The location of the habitat is important because it can provide a belter point for observing and evading predators. Interestingly, habitat is also associated with sociability.

“Animal personality is a hard science, but if it makes you relate to animals more, maybe people will be more interested in conserving them,” said Alipcrti.

1. What’s the significance of the findings in paragraph 1?

A．To better protect wildlife.

B．To know more about space.

C．To observe squirrels’ behavior.

D．To explore squirrels’ personalities.

2. What do bolder squirrels tend to do in paragraph 2?

A．Hunt for more food.	B．Work against each other.
C．Show their personalities.	D．Attract less predators.

3. What does the underlined word “evading” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Keeping.	B．Refusing.
C．Killing.	D．Avoiding.

4. What’s Aliperti’s attitude towards doing research on animal personality?

A．Skeptical.	B．Supportive.
C．Worried.	D．Tolerant.

3 . When you throw something in the recycling bin, do you think about what it could become? And when you do, does it make you more likely to use that recycling bin? Recently, a study was conducted in an effort to decide whether or not explaining to people what their recyclables are transformed into would help increase recycling rates.

The researchers started with a group of 111 college students, asked to draw on paper before watching one of three ads.One was a public service message that showed paper going into recycling bins.The other two also showed the paper either being transformed into new paper or a guitar.After completing a survey, the students were asked to deal with the paper when they left. Half of those who saw the first ad recycled their paper, while the recycling rate jumped to 80% for those who'd seen the other ads.

After doing a few more lab experiments, the researchers headed into the real world.At a party, volunteers spoke with attendees (出席者) about recycling, with half mentioning transformed products and half keeping it general.They discovered the subject of the talks came into play.After the game, the recycling and trash bags were weighed.Those who received a message recycled over half of their waste, while those who did not recycled less than a fifth.

All this is to say that details matter.People want to know what treasures their trash can become, and when that's laid out clearly, they' re more likely to do it.Perhaps recycling companies should redesign signs to describe the items being created.Recycling is far from a perfect solution,but it doesn't hurt to manage to improve its rates.

1. What's the function of the first paragraph?

A．To lead to the main topic.

B．To reflect the author's attitude.

C．To introduce a new recycling bin.

D．1 To emphasize the benefits of recycling.

2. What does the underlined part“came into play”in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Took effect.

B．Broke down.

C．Took off.

D．Came to mind.

3. What does the author advise recycling companies to do?

A．Sign the names on the items.

B．Find perfect ways of recycling.

C．Examine the details of items.

D．Show the transformation of waste.

4. In which column of the website does the text probably appear?

A．Sports and games.

B．Travel and tourism.

C．Entertainment and recreation.

D．Science and human life.

4 . Seth Magle is an urban ecologist in Chicago. In 2021, he started building a network of fellow urban animal lovers from around the world. They’re working to collect information so that it can be compared in different cities.

With the goal of trying to create more wildlife inclusive cities, the network helps reduce human wildlife conflict and increase human wildlife coexistence in the massively urbanizing areas.

In Chicago, Magle and his team have been watching their city’s wildlife for about 10 years. All together, they have over 100 camera traps set up across different types of urban environments from the downtown Loop and city parks to nature preserves and suburb golf courses.

During times of recent extreme heat, we do definitely see animals reduce movement and just stay where they are. It’s probably energetically difficult to move around when it’s so hot. Although this works for a short term in high temperature, it’s not ideal over a longer period because it means less time to search for food or a new mate.

As Magle and his network of urban researchers look toward the future and climate change, they predict bigger shifts. Temperatures everywhere are projected to warm, so wildlife in urban settings and beyond will likely have to shift their normal regions a bit further north to where it feels more comfortable and to what they’re already used to. We don’t have armadillos in Chicago, but we have them in the southern part of the state. And they seem to be migrating north.

Only time will tell how our urban wildlife reacts to these longer-term shifts in temperature.

For now, it sounds like urban animals — so long as they’re healthy — are totally capable of handling a few days of extreme heat here and there.

1. What is the aim of the network?

A．To observe wildlife in different cities.	B．To compare animals’ living conditions.
C．To collect information of urban animals.	D．To help human and wildlife coexist.

2. What’s the main idea of paragraph 3?

A．The tracks of wildlife activities.	B．The movement of urban animals.
C．The way of watching city animals.	D．The different types of urbanization.

3. In what way do animals escape extreme heat?

A．Keeping still.	B．Moving constantly.
C．Shifting to the north.	D．Looking for food everywhere.

4. What is the text probably taken from?

A．A market report.	B．A science magazine.
C．A biological textbook.	D．A social research report.

5 . I'm from a fishing family. My grandfather was a fisherman, working out of Fano, the Italian town where I grew up and still live. I work from 7 p.m. until 11 a. m. with fishermen on the north Adriatic Sea. There are only six or so of us on board. At night, the fish are most active and we can avoid other ships.

The nets reach the sea bed for the catch but sometimes they also catch turtles that often die in the nets or on board. The net is designed to allow turtles to escapes it has a hole at the top they can swim out of. We call it “TED”. The TED aims at reducing the bycatch (误捕) of turtles. Turtles and some larger fish can leave through the TED, but the current (水流) holds most of the catch in the net.

I ensure that the net is working, and that the fishermen we're cooperating with can still catch enough for their livelihoods while protecting turtles. The work is part of research by the Cetacea Foundation, in cooperation with University of Pisa, where I'm a field researcher. It is financed by the LIFE programmer. I love this work. It means I'm not stuck in an office all day and instead can enjoy the ocean and work closely with people who live by the sea.

When my grandfather was fishing in the 1970s, there were more fish and more turtles around. At the foundation, we save 50-60 turtles a year, most of which are harmed because of fishing. If we can protect turtles by popularizing this device to fishermen all across the Adriatic, I'd see this work as a success.

1. Why does the author work at night?

A．He is busy in the day.

B．He can catch more fish at night.

C．Fish are very active in the day.

D．There are more ships at night.

2. What can we know about TED?

A．It doesn't reach the sea bed.

B．It is helpful to catch larger fish.

C．It is helpful to protect sea turtles.

D．It catches large turtles.

3. What's the author's job?

A．An excellent fisherman in Italy.

B．A volunteer of Cetacea Foundation.

C．A founder of LIFE programmer.

D．A researcher of University of Pisa.

4. Why does the author like his job?

A．He can stay in the office.

B．He can work with fishermen.

C．He can go abroad for sightseeing.

D．He can get his father's help.

6 . Harry Smith has a dog, Sarah Jane. They are best friends and love to take walks together. One day when they _________ in a park, the two of them _________a beautiful lake. Although Harry used a wheelchair, this usually wasn't a problem for him. _________ when his wheels got stuck that day, he quickly found himself thrown into the _________

As the 81-year-old, not being able to _________, screamed(尖叫)for help, Sarah jumped into action-she barked(吠叫)as _________ as possible. Luckily, the dog’s bark caught two men’s attention and they made their way over. One of the men, Edward Suhling, _________ in the water. And they got _________ from a police officer who just happened to be nearby. Together, the three of them _________ Harry out of the water as quickly as possible.

“I am __________ to Sarah and the three passers-by that helped __________ my life!” Harry wrote on the Internet. “And the __________ remains true-a man's best __________ is his dog.” Needless to say, Harry made sure to __________ his best friend of seven years how grateful he was in a way that every __________ loves: with food.

1.

A．shopped

B．walked

C．ran

D．drove

2.

A．adapted to

B．cleaned up

C．came across

D．worked out

3.

A．But

B．And

C．Or

D．So

4.

A．air

B．seat

C．street

D．water

5.

A．move

B．swim

C．quit

D．shout

6.

A．creatively

B．officially

C．loudly

D．hardly

7.

A．jumped

B．played

C．struggled

D．lived

8.

A．contact

B．praise

C．help

D．news

9.

A．prevented

B．honored

C．frightened

D．pulled

10.

A．equal

B．kind

C．close

D．thankful

11.

A．save

B．share

C．shorten

D．record

12.

A．feeling

B．saying

C．thinking

D．training

13.

A．time

B．idea

C．wheelchair

D．friend

14.

A．show

B．teach

C．offer

D．sell

15.

A．guest

B．dog

C．visitor

D．customer

7 . Artists with a Green Message

Chris Jordan

Photographic artist Chris Jordan takes pictures of ordinary objects like bottle caps, light bulbs and aluminum cans and turns them into art by digitally rearranging them to construct one central image. However, it’s the tiny pieces that drive home then environmental message. For example, his 2008 work “Plastic Cups” shows 1 million plastic cups, the number used on airline flights in the U. S. every six hours.

Nele Azevedo

Visual artist Nele Azevedo is best known for her “Melting Men” interventions that she stages in cities across the globe. Azevedo carves thousands of small figures for to watch them melt. Her ice Sculptures are meant to question the role of monuments in cities, but Azevedo says she’s glad her art can also “speak of urgent matters that threaten our existence on this planet.”

Agnes Denes

One of the pioneers of environmental art and conceptual art, Agnes Denes is best known for her land art project, “Wheatfield- A Confrontation.” In May 1982, Denes planted a two-acre wheat field in Manhattan on Battery Park Landfill. The land was cleared of rocks and garbage by hand. Denes harvested more than 1,000 pounds of wheat She says her works are “intended to help the environment and benefit future generations with a meaningful legacy.”

John Fekner

John Fekner is known for his street art and the more than 300 conceptual works. Fekner’s art typically consists of words or symbols spray painted on walls, buildings and other structures that highlight social or environmental issues. His stenciled (用模板印的) message, “Wheels Over Indian Trails, “was painted on the Pulaski Bridge Queens Midtown Tunnel in 1979. It remained there for 11 years until Earth Day 1990，when Fekner painted over it.

1. What kind of art is Chris Jordan known for?

A．Photographic art.	B．Visual art.
C．Conceptual art.	D．Street art.

2. Which works probably reflects the effect of global warmth on our existence?

A．Plastic Cups.	B．Melting Men.
C．Wheatfield-A Confrontation.	D．Wheels Over Indian Trails.

3. Who grew wheat in a landfill?

A．Chris Jordan.	B．Nele Azevedo.
C．Agnes Denes.	D．John Fekner.

8 . A volcano burst in New Zealand December 9, 2019, killing at least five people and leaving many more missing.

News reports said at least 18 people were injured in the eruption of White Island volcano, about 50 kilometers off New Zealand’s main North Island. Some of the injured suffered severe burns. About 50 people, including New Zealanders and foreign visitors, were feared to have been near the volcano at the time of the eruption, Reuters news agency reported. Travel groups often make day visits to White Island.

Police said in a statement there were no signs of life on the island after helicopters and other aircraft carried out search and rescue operations. “Police believe that anyone who could have been taken from the island alive was rescued at the time of the evacuation(撤离),” the statement said. Large clouds of ash and steam could be seen shooting thousands of meters into the air after the explosion.

The disaster immediately raised questions about why people were permitted to visit White Island. Scientists had noted a rise in volcanic activity in recent weeks.

The GeoNet agency follows volcano and earthquake activity in New Zealand. On November 18, it raised the alert level on White Island from 1 to 2. A level of 5 represents a major eruption. The agency also said at the time that volcanic tremors(微震) had increased from weak to moderate in past weeks.

1. How many injuries and deaths in the eruption of White Island volcano?

A．23

B．less than 23

C．73

D．more than 23

2. According to the passage,after search and rescue operations, ________

A．There were no people alive on the island.

B．There were still some signs of life.

C．There were some animals living on the island.

D．All living things were still on the island as usual.

3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?

A．The disaster

B．The GeoNet agency

C．Whit Island

D．New Zealand

9 .         Years of Living Dangerously, 2014, directed by Joel Bach

Over the course of two seasons, this popular series involves more than 30 topics. With the help of expert climate scientists and famous people, each part covers a range of climate factors and impacts, such as drought, extreme weather and sea level rise.

Meltdown, 2021, directed by Fredric Golding

This documentary is about the world’s ice sheets becoming smaller. Fans chasing ice will enjoy the work of Arctic photographer Lynn Davis. Meltdown offers viewers a sense of admiration: awe-inspiring beauty mixed with sadness and a bit of terror, as the full consequences of humanity’s impact on the planet, including Greenland’s ice disappearing.

Chasing Coral, 2017, directed by Jeff Orlowski

The film describes the long- term process of coral bleaching (白化) in Australia’s Great Barrier Reef in 2016. The documentary follows a highly skilled team of filmmakers on a mission to document the mostly hidden impact of climate change.

Antarctica: Ice and Sky, 2015, directed by Luc Jacquet

Claude Lorius found his lifelong passion in the frozen continent and climate science after making his first trip to Antarctica as a field expert in 1956. In Ice and Sky. narrated (解说) throughout by Lorius, viewers meet a remarkable French scientist and find how dangerous, exhausting and thrilling the work in Antarctica could be.

1. Who is the director of Years of Living Dangerously?

A．Joel Bach.	B．Fredric Golding.
C．Jeff Orlowski.	D．Luc Jacquet.

2. Which documentary is about climate change impacts on coral?

A．Years of Living Dangerously.	B．Melidoun.
C．Chasing Coral.	D．Antarctica: Ice and Sky.

3. What does the underlined phrase “frozen continent” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Greenland.	B．Arctic.
C．Iceland.	D．Antarctica.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式

Located in southwest China’s Sichuan Province, the Jiuzhai Valley runs more than 50 kilometers, towards the Sichuan Basin. The Jiuzhai Valley got     1    (it) name because there are nine Tibetan villages in the valley. It consists of three main valleys,    2    form a “Y” in shape. The clear mountain lakes, splendid waterfalls, colorful forests and the local ,Tibetan, ethnic culture all make it a unique tourist    3    (attract).

More than 400 million years ago, the region was    4    ideal breeding ground for various, prehistoric lifeforms. However, with the time    5    (pass), many lifeforms died off. Now the region is home    6    nationally protected animal species and 74 endangered plants. Historically, the ancestors of the Jiuzhai Valley    7    (be) from the remote Ngari region in Tibet. Today, the local people still maintain their Tibetan religious and folk customs.

In 1978, the Jiuzhai Valley    8    (name) as the Jiuzhai Valley Nature Reserve, becoming the first nature reserve     9    (protect)landscape and natural scenery in China.

Now a network of wooden walkways has been built to provide a     10    ( powerful) protection to the natural environment than before.