1 . The coronavirus pandemic (新冠疫情) has brought with it the rise of a new kind of single-use plastic in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE), like face masks and gloves. Experts warned that these sharply increasing single-use items could cause a new wave of plastic pollution and kill wildlife.

The charity Ocean Conservancy reported that volunteers had collected more than 100,000 PPE items from coasts and waterways during the last six months of 2020. They sent out a survey to more than 200 International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) coordinators and volunteers asking about their experience with PPE. The results show that it is a real problem. Volunteers collected 107,219 pieces of PPE in 70 of 115 participating countries. Of those surveyed, 94% reported seeing PPE at a clean-up, and 40% found five items or more. Further, 37% found the items had already sunk into the water.

“During one of our clean-ups in the canals of Leiden, our volunteers found a latex (乳胶) glove with a dead fish trapped in the thumb,” said Auke-Florian Hiemstra, a study coauthor from Leiden University. “Also, in the Dutch canals, we observed that a water bird was using face masks and gloves in its nests.” Other animals that have gotten trapped in face masks include a fox in the UK, a pufferfish in Florida, and two crabs in France. Numerous dogs and cats have been observed eating PPE as well.

The danger posed by PPE goes deeper than what the eye can see. Luckily, there are ways that all of us can be part of the solution to the problem of PPE pollution. Hiemstra suggested using reusable PPE instead of single-use products. In that case, we should deal with them properly by cutting the ear loops to prevent animal entanglements (缠绕物) and throwing them away in a bin that is not overstuffed. “We definitely think it is important for citizens to understand how much PPE is ending up in the environment and impacting animals,” Hiemstra said.

1. What can we infer from the numbers in paragraph 2?

A．The large amount of PPE in the environment.

B．Volunteers’ great efforts to protect the ocean.

C．The leading cause of ocean pollution.

D．Difficulties of cleaning up plastic waste in the ocean.

2. Which of the statements is TURE according to the passage?

A．PPE is attractive to dogs and cats due to its smell.

B．PPE pollution has done harm to many animals’ lives.

C．Water birds may not be influenced by plastic pollution.

D．Litter makes it hard for boats to pass through the canals.

3. Which of the solutions did Hiemstra mention to reduce PPE pollution?

A．Raising the price of PPE items.

B．Cleaning the rubbish bin regularly.

C．Replacing single-use products with reusable ones.

D．Limiting the production of non-recyclable plastic.

4. What is the passage mainly talking about?

A．The decline of wildlife due to overhunting.

B．The shortage of personal protective equipment.

C．The increasing number of coronavirus patients.

D．The plastic pollution caused by anti-pandemic products.

2 . In the United Kingdom, coffee consumption is on the rise. But beyond just fueling Londoners as they make their ways to work, coffee is also fueling their buses while fighting climate change.

It is reported that London’s buses will soon be powered in part by a newly developed biofuel, one that mixes diesel (柴油) with oils removed from spent coffee grounds, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (排放) from its bus transport system. Recycling technology firm Bio-Bean collects used coffee grounds from major coffee producers across the UK, and removes the oils from them. Then it’s mixed into B20 biodiesel, with 20% biofuel and 80% conventional diesel.

With B20, the buses don’t require any adaptions to run on it. Bio-Bean founder said that, if the UK could use all of the 500,000 tons of coffee waste it produced each year, it could power the city of Manchester for a year. London uses other biofuels to support its effort to cut emissions from its bus system. Coffee is just the latest source, joining used cooking oil and animal fat from meat processing plants, but those old coffee grounds have to go somewhere, and fueling the city’s labor force is preferable to sending them to a waste yard. Bio-Bean’s B20 is an easy way to save businesses money on waste removal, and using the biodiesel in buses cut carbon emissions by 80%.

Coffee waste is becoming an almost unlimited resource, considering London’s citizens alone create 200,000 tons of coffee grounds every year. As more and more Britons switch from tea to coffee, that number will only elevate. The use of coffee grounds as a biofuel source has the added benefit of improving air quality in the city but sadly, it does not give off the pleasant coffee smell one might expect.

1. Why do London’s buses use the biofuel?

A．To improve the atmosphere quality.	B．To reduce transport fares in London.
C．To promote the recycling technology.	D．To support the local coffee industry.

2. What do we know about B20?

A．It can avoid emissions from buses.	B．It requires adaptions to run on it.
C．It’s a mixture of biofuel and diesel.	D．It can power the nation for a year.

3. Which word might replace the underlined word “elevate” in paragraph 4?

A．Decline.

B．Increase.

C．Appear.

D．Remain.

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．The benefits of drinking coffee.	B．An alternative biofuel resource.
C．The future for London’s buses,	D．A change in coffee consumption.

3 . Seventeen young turtles raised from eggs saved from the smashed bodies of mothers killed on roads got their release back into the wild by a class of kindergartners.

It was part of a program that has saved thousands of turtles and returned them to the wild over the past 25 years. The turtles were either raised from the eggs of their dead mothers or were themselves rescued from roads, storm drains or other dangerous places over the years.

“It’s a great community connection,” said Lisa Ferguson, director of research and conservation at the Wetlands Institute, which runs the program along with Stockton University and Stone Harbor schools. “It shows how conservation works, and that everyone has a part to play, from adults down to kindergarten students.”

The turtle release took place during egg-laying season, when turtles come up out of the wetlands onto dry land to lay eggs, thus exposing themselves not only to natural predators, but also to the far more deadly threat of motor vehicles.

Aside from caring for injured live turtles, the Wetlands Institute harvests eggs from females killed on the road and incubates (孵化) them at 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit), a temperature that will ensure they develop as females (egg temperature determines the sex of these turtles, Ferguson said).

When they have grown enough in their first year, they are ready for release into the wetlands surrounding the institute. That’s where the kids come in. Kindergartners from Stone Harbor schools get to know the turtles as they grow. They give them names, draw posters of them, and even bake and sell cookies to raise money for turtle conservation.

When it was time to set them free, some eagerly grasped the turtles from behind; others were more quiet to get up close and personal with squirming turtles and squishy mud, but each student seemed excited to see the turtles paddle away into the shallow water.

1. Why did the turtles need rescuing?

A．Because their eggs couldn’t develop as females.

B．Because they couldn’t walk across the road.

C．Because they lost their mother to the sea.

D．Because their habitat was threatened.

2. What did Lisa Ferguson think of the program?

A．Professional.

B．Natural.

C．Educational.

D．Optional.

3. What did kids do for the program?

A．They learnt to befriend turtles.	B．They provided turtles with food.
C．They saved the turtles from road kills.	D．They cared for the injured live turtles.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Go on fighting for them	B．Work harder, worry less
C．Help them, happy together	D．Save them to save ourselves

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In China, 2022 marks the Year of the Tiger. The animal     1     (regard) in Chinese culture as “the king of all beasts”.

Most children here, when     2     (ask) to draw a tiger, would write on its forehead the Chinese character wang, as the markings on tigers’ foreheads resemble the character for “king”, who conquers the kingdom of animal.

Since ancient times, tigers     3     (indicate) power, solemnity(庄严) and     4     (brave) in our ancestors’ mind, with objects bearing tiger-related image created to drive away the alarming evil spirits and invoke good fortune.

To celebrate this year’s Lunar New Year, it is therefore necessary to prepare     5     advance a few traditional tiger stuffed toys — the classic type is usually made of cloth and comes in colors such as red and yellow —     6     (decorate) one’s home or to give to children as a fascinate mascot(吉祥物).

The eve of Lunar New Year is a time to say goodbye to the past and ring in the new year, with the reunion dinner an indispensable feature of the night.

Although the     7     (food) prepared for the feast vary throughout the country, jiaozi (dumpling) is     8     must-have for most families in northern China. Dishes like fish and chicken, the words     9     sound like “surplus”(盈余) and “good luck” in Chinese, are usually the centerpieces on dining tables. These could make a     10    (wonder) feast and show the host’s generosity and hospitality.

5 . The rapid pace of global warming and its effects on habitats raise the question of whether species are able to keep up so that they remain in suitable living conditions. Some animals can move fast to adjust to a swiftly changing climate. Plants, being less mobile, rely on means such as seed dispersal(传播) by animals, wind or water to move to new areas, but this redistribution typically occurs within one kilometre of the original plant.

When the climate in a plant’s usual range becomes hotter than it can tolerate, it must find new, cooler areas that might lie many kilometres away. One explanation for long-distance seed dispersal is through transport by migratory (迁徙的) birds. Such birds swallow seeds when eating fruit and can move them tens or hundreds of kilometres outside the range of a plant species.

Gonzáiez-Vary and colleagues report how plants might be able to keep pace with rapid climate change with the help of migratory birds. The authors analysed the fruiting times of plants, patterns of bird migration and the interactions between fruit-eating birds and fleshy-fruited plants across Europe. Plants with fleshy fruits were chosen for this study because most of their seed transport is by migratory birds, and because fleshy-fruited plants are an important part of the woody-plant community in Europe. The common approach until now has been to predict plant dispersal using models fitted to abiotic (非生物的) factors such as the current climate. Gonzáiez-Vary instead analysed an impressive data set of 949 different seed-dispersal interactions between bird and plant communities, together with data on entire fruiting times and migratory patterns of birds across Europe. The researchers also analysed DNA traces from bird wastes to identify the plants and birds responsible for seed dispersal.

1. How do species adapt to climate changes when it’s too hot?

A．All animals will move away across great distanced.

B．Some plants depend on migratory birds to carry seeds.

C．Some plants depend on animals, wind or water to move.

D．Plants’ seeds disperse to cooler places of several kilometres away.

2. Why did researchers mainly study fleshy-fruited plants?

A．Most of these can’t fit rapid climate change

B．Migratory birds like making nests in them

C．Migratory birds transport their seeds.

D．They are favoured by most birds.

3. Why does the author mention “fleshy fruits” and “fruiting times” in paragraph 3?

A．To explain relations between fruit plants and migratory birds.

B．To clarify the reason why birds migrate in fruiting times.

C．To present a fact that migratory bird eats flesh fruits.

D．To show that fruits depend on migratory birds.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The advantage of fruit plants.

B．The destination of the bird migration.

C．The adaptation of fruit plants to the climate change.

D．The influence of climate change on plants and animals.

6 . Since the beginning of the summer in 2022, China has been sweltering under the worst heatwave in decades. A number of people in Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were diagnosed with thermoplegia (热射病), the most severe form of heatstroke, and some even died of this disease.

In a warming world, the hazards of heatwaves are increasing. According to a study, the number of deaths caused by heatwaves in China has increased rapidly since 1979, from 3,679 persons per year in the 1980s to15,500 persons per year in the 2010s.

“Over the past four decades, the main drivers of the large increase in heatwave-related deaths in China are the rapid increase in the frequency of heatwaves, followed by population growth, population aging, and rising baseline mortality(基线死亡率),”said Prof. Huang Cunrui, a researcher from Tsinghua University.

High temperatures would accelerate the loss in soil moisture (水分) and hurt the growth of corn, cotton, trees and fruits. What’s more, each additional degree of warming will increase crop losses to insects by 10-25 percent, threatening food security for billions of people. China has witnessed a range of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, flooding, tornadoes and record heatwaves this year. Meteorological officials said the country had an average temperature of 21. 3 degrees Celsius in June, 0. 9 degrees Celsius higher than the same period on average, and the highest record for the same period since 1961.

Experts say that while extreme summer heat is not entirely new, these sorts of occurrences could be something that becomes a standard part of life, requiring people to start learning how to cope with heatwaves that may continue for the rest of summer and well into the future.

Remember that even healthy, young athletes can be harmed by extreme heat, so every activity, indoors or outdoors, should be evaluated when extreme heat hits. There are some ways to stay safe during extreme heat events, such as drinking plenty of water, looking for shade or remaining in shade when outside, and avoiding cooking large meals that can add heat to your indoor environment.

1. What does the underlined word “hazards” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Discussions.	B．Studies.
C．Causes.	D．Dangers.

2. What is the main reason for the growing heatwave-related deaths in China?

A．The aging of the population.

B．The larger amount of outdoor workers. 4

C．The increasing frequency of heatwaves.

D．The rise in the number of the total population.

3. What can we infer from paragraph 4?

A．Rural areas suffer more from heatwaves than cities.

B．China has witnessed the worst climate ever in 2022.

C．High temperatures have negative effects on agriculture.

D．Climate change contributes to the decline in insect species.

4. What does the author intend to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．Ways to deal with extreme heat.

B．The trend of heatwaves in the future.

C．The importance of keeping healthy in summer.

D．Influences of global warming on the environment.

7 . In the 1980s, millions of western monarchs gathered in trees from northern California down to western Mexico. Now, their wintering sites are mostly on California’s central coast.

Western monarch butterflies travel south from the Pacific Northwest to California each winter. They return to the same places and even the same trees, where they gather. The monarchs usually arrive in California at the beginning of November. They spread across the country once warmer weather arrives in March.

The western monarch butterfly population has decreased by more than 99 percent since the 1980s. Another monarch population on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains travels from southern Canada and the northeastern US to spend the winter in western Mexico. Scientists estimate the monarch population in the eastern US has fallen about 80 percent since the mid-1990s.

Monarchs from across the West migrate (迁徙) yearly to about 100 wintering sites along central California’s Pacific coast. One of the best-known wintering places is the Monarch Grove Sanctuary in the city of Pacific Grove.

Pacific Grove, California, known as “Butterfly Town, USA”, has worked for years to help the decreasing monarch population. The city holds a parade to celebrate the butterflies every October. It also bans human interference with the monarchs. The crime carries a $ 1,000 fine.

In 2020, no monarchs appeared in Pacific Grove. But in 2021, an early count found that more than 13,000 of the insects had moved in.

Scientists do not know why the population increased in 2021. But Jepsen, director of Endangered Species at Xerces Society, said it is likely a combination of reasons, including better conditions on their breeding grounds. The non-profit science group Xerces Society carries out the official study every year. Volunteer counters have reported the presence of as many as 50,000 monarchs in the last few weeks.

Monarch butterflies lack legal protection that could keep their territory from being destroyed. Last year, the butterflies were denied federal protection. But the insects are now among the candidates for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．Introducing California’s central coast.

B．Revealing the migration and quantity change of monarchs.

C．Attracting more visitors to Pacific Grove in California.

D．Introducing the reason for western monarchs’ migration.

2. Which word can describe the reason for the sudden rise of monarchs in 2021?

A．Apparent.

B．Unique.

C．Multiple.

D．Mysterious.

3. What does the underlined word “interference” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Disturbance.

B．Commitment.

C．Adaptation.

D．Consumption.

4. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A．To provide readers with more interesting information.

B．To urge to add more animals into the list of endangered species.

C．To express the author’s satisfaction with protective measures.

D．To introduce the development of legal basis for protecting Monarch butterflies.

8 . Two thirds of the ice in the glaciers (冰川) of the Alps is doomed! These glaciers will melt by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, according to a recent study.

Scientists claim that half the ice held in some 4,000 Alpine glaciers will disappear by 2050 due to global warming through the effect of past emissions. After that, even if carbon emissions drop to zero, two-thirds of the ice will still have melted by 2100. If emissions continue to rise at the current rate, the ice tongues will have all but disappeared from Alpine valleys by the end of the century. The most pessimistic prediction tells us that the Alps will be mostly ice-free by 2100. Only isolated ice patches would remain at high altitudes, representing five per cent, at most, of the ice volume seen today.

The researchers warn that the loss of these glaciers will mean much less water is available for farming and hydroelectricity, especially during droughts. It would also affect nature and tourism.

In February, a study found that a third of the huge ice fields in Asia’s towering mountain chains were also under threat for the same reasons. This will lead to serious consequences for almost two billion people who live downstream. Glaciers along the Hindu Kush and Himalayan range are at higher, colder altitudes. If global carbon emissions are not cut, however, two-thirds of their ice could be gone by 2100.

The latest research combined computer models with real-world data to forecast the fate of the glaciers. It used 2017 as its starting point. Unlike previous work, these models included how the glaciers move down the mountains. Applying this approach to other glaciated mountain chains could improve ice loss forecasts there.

Cutting the emissions from fossil-fuel burning, deforestation and other polluting activities is the biggest factor in minimizing the melting of the ice. The future of these glaciers is indeed at risk, but there is still a possibility of limiting their disappearance.

1. What does the underlined word “doomed” mean in paragraph 1?

A．Polluted.

B．Discovered.

C．Endangered.

D．Abandoned.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 2?

A．Emissions have much to do with the ice melting.

B．The Alps is expected to lose all its ice by 2100.

C．Ice loss will be avoided with emissions prevented.

D．Large ice pieces will just exist at the mountain top.

3. Why are the Asia’s ice fields mentioned in paragraph 4?

A．To explain how glacier melting came about.

B．To imply pollution is a worldwide problem.

C．To show what consequences ice melting will cause.

D．To indicate the Alps is not alone to face ice melting.

4. What is the writer’s attitude towards the future of glaciers?

A．Objective.

B．Optimistic.

C．Critical.

D．Doubtful.

9 . I went for a walk up to a local park and Chester was running about. Suddenly, two dogs appeared, attacking him. He got _________ and ran off in an unfamiliar direction. I can only _________ myself-it’s like losing a family member. My daughter didn’t sleep for three days. She just thought her pet was _________.

My family had almost lost _________ until Erica decided to offer her services. She uses a drone(无人机)to help find lost dogs. Equipped with a hi-tech thermal imaging(热成像)camera, the drone can detect heat _________ from 250 feet in the air. _________, when asked to help out in a search for a _________, Erica simply turns up to the dog’s last known _________ and sets up the drone. Having found more than 160 dogs, it’s proved pretty _________.

And it’s easy to see why. Can you __________ Chester running around these woods? To the naked eye(肉眼), it’s virtually impossible, but pop the thermal image up and he jumps out, __________ his owner to bring him safely back home.

Having saved hundreds of dogs, the method is clearly __________. Erica doesn’t __________ for her services and instead does it for the pleasure of seeing the owners __________.

Erica’s drone has helped create countless happy __________ and is sure to make many more in the future.

1.

A．concerned

B．annoyed

C．scared

D．confused

2.

A．speak for

B．focus on

C．turn to

D．adapt to

3.

A．sick

B．gone

C．injured

D．stuck

4.

A．attitude

B．contact

C．track

D．hope

5.

A．impressions

B．signals

C．experiments

D．behaviors

6.

A．Besides

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

7.

A．family

B．job

C．chance

D．dog

8.

A．location

B．company

C．adventure

D．arrangement

9.

A．particular

B．familiar

C．successful

D．suitable

10.

A．spot

B．explore

C．concentrate

D．rescue

11.

A．forbidding

B．allowing

C．ordering

D．warning

12.

A．challenging

B．improving

C．working

D．surviving

13.

A．apply

B．wish

C．answer

D．charge

14.

A．reunited

B．recognized

C．requested

D．admired

15.

A．destinations

B．solutions

C．goals

D．endings

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The population of the earth is increasing very fast. Humans must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry     1     (develop) rapidly.

Such a rapid development produces more and more waste,     2     goes into water, soil or air. When there     3     (be) too much waste, it will do great harm to the environment and people.

When farmers add fertilizer (肥料)     4     the soil to make plants grow better, or use pesticide (杀虫剂) to kill pests, they will go into the soil or the surrounding air. Even     5     (bad), they may go into the grain (谷物). When     6     (bird), fish or people eat the grain, drink the water or breath the air, harm will be done to their health.

The air in some cities     7     (pollute) because of the pollution from the cars and factories. Millions of tons of poisonous gases are sent into the air with smoke. In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean     8     it goes into the air.

    9     (fortunate), people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is. In many countries, laws have been made to prevent factories     10     (send) out poisonous gases. More and more people are taking action to protect the environment.