1 . The ocean is critical to all oxygen-dependent life. But life is also critical to the ocean. The ocean produces so much oxygen because of ocean plants, which draw down Co and change it into carbon-based sugars and oxygen. Ocean plants are climate change heroes! There is now a wide recognition of the role of ocean life in slowing climate change.

On many Pacific islands, whales support tourism economies. While concerned about the impacts of climate change on whales, we also need to recognize that whales can contribute to fighting climate change!Through their deep dives, vast migrations, long lifespan(寿命), and large bodies, whales have an enormous effect on the ocean.

Whales both help ocean plants to draw down CO and help to store carbon in the ocean. Firstly, they provide essential nutrients that enable ocean plants to grow. Whale waste is a fertilizer, bringing nutrients from the depths, where whales feed, to the surface, where plants need these nutrients to grow well. Migratory whales also bring nutrients with them from highly-productive feeding grounds to the nutrient-poor waters of whales’ breeding grounds, boosting the growth of ocean plants across the ocean.

Secondly, whales keep the carbon locked in the ocean, out of the atmosphere, where it could otherwise contribute to climate change. Ocean plants produce carbon-based sugars, but with a very short lifespan. They can’t store the carbon. When they die, much carbon is released in surface waters, and can be changed back to CO₂. Whales, however, can live for over a century, feeding on food chains that begin with the sugars in these tiny plants, and storing up the carbon in their bodies. When whales die, deep ocean life feeds on their remains, and the carbon formerly stored in whales’ bodies can enter sediment(沉淀物), When carbon reaches deep ocean sediment, it is effectively locked away, and therefore unable to drive climate change. This carbon is unlikely to return as CO₂ in the atmosphere.

Several Pacific island countries are already leaders in whale conservation, having declared whale sanctuaries in their waters. Every year, whales socialize, breed, and give birth in Pacific island waters.

1. How do surface ocean plants get nutrients for growth?

A．From whale waste.	B．From the whales’ bodies.
C．From the sunlight.	D．From ocean sediment.

2. Why are ocean plants unable to store the carbon?

A．They lack nutrients for growth.

B．They never absorb carbon-based sugars.

C．Carbon-based sugars can’t be generated by them.

D．The carbon in them is released after their death.

3. What does the underlined word “sanctuaries” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Shelters.

B．Imports.

C．Markets.

D．Amusements.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The importance of oceans to climate.

B．The bad effects of CO2 to climate changes.

C．The role of whales in slowing climate change.

D．The importance of oceans to all oxygen-dependent life.

2 . When Malaika Vaz was a kid, living in Goa, India, she was constantly surrounded by nature. Among her childhood experiences, she recalls journeys to the Arctic and Antarctic, climbing mountains, diving, and windsurfing.

At some point in her late teens, Vaz realized adventure didn’t really mean anything if there wasn’t an intention to protect the natural spaces we were exploring in. Motivated by her passion for filmmaking, she began to seek a way that would both satisfy her appetite for adventure and allow her to advocate the protection of the species and ecosystems she interacted with.

Today Vaz wears many hats in the filmmaking world, as a documentary director, producer, and presenter. After falling in love with manta rays (蝠鲼), she discovered they were being hunted illegally and started to dress herself as a seafood trader to get as close as possible to the issue. She traced sellers to figure out why the threatened species were being killed. She shared the shocking details in Peng Yu Sai, her Green Oscar-nominated film on the matter.

The subjects that grab her attention, Vaz admits, run the gamut. When she was asked to define her focus, she replied that she preferred variety. She always argues that the issues she looks into are more interrelated than they may initially appear. “I think that it’s exciting to dive into the different aspects of environmental stories,” she says.

Her work doesn’t stop at recording important stories; she also ensures the message is heard. From Vaz’s viewpoint, real improvement in planetary protection lies in the hands of each of us rather than just those of several environmentalists. “If you’re an engineer and you care about the natural world, you can change the kind of construction materials you use. If you’re a teacher loving nature, you can bring that into the learning for your class.” she says.

As a filmmaker, Vaz believes it’s important to figure out ways that attract the audience who can push for the protection of the natural world.

1. What did Malaika Vaz decide to do in her late teens?

A．Motivate children to get close to nature.

B．Make a film about her childhood experiences.

C．Develop a passion for an adventurous lifestyle.

D．Combine nature exploration with nature conservation.

2. What is the film Peng Yu Sai mainly about?

A．The role of manta rays in the local economy.	B．Vaz’s personal life as a seafood trader.
C．The threatened species in India.	D．The illegal trade in manta rays.

3. What does the underlined part “run the gamut” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Are quite popular.	B．Cover a wide range.
C．Make little progress.	D．Are hard to deal with.

4. What message does the author convey in Paragraph 5?

A．Human beings are closely linked to nature.

B．Stories are effective in changing people’s behavior.

C．Everyone can make a difference to the environment.

D．Environmentalists play a big part in solving environmental issues.

3 . Celebrated on June16th, World Sea Turtle Day is a day dedicated to one of the world’s oldest and most fascinating creatures. Unfortunately, this is also a day to remind everyone of the sea turtle’s endangered status.

Sea turtles have been around since the time of dinosaurs. They typically live to between 30 and 50 years of age, spending most of their lives at sea. Part of the reptile(爬行动物) family, sea turtles can hold their breath for up to five hours. This comes in handy since some species can dive as deep as 1,000 meters below the water’s surface before needing to come up for air. Sea turtles also like to get around, often migrating very long distances. One species can migrate over 12,000 km from nesting beaches in Japan all the way to feeding grounds near Mexico.

Female sea turtles return to the beach they hatched on to nest. Some species lay up to 250 eggs in a single nest, and each egg takes around 60 days to incubate(孵化). However, it’s estimated that only one in a thousand baby turtles can survive to adulthood.

Although it is worth having a day to celebrate these magnificent animals, World Sea Turtle Day also has a more serious purpose: to raise awareness of their difficult situation. Sea turtles are threatened with extinction. Plastic trash is a big problem because the turtles often mistake bags and other plastic items for food like jellyfish. In fact, half of all sea turtles have consumed plastic at some time in their lives.

Rising global temperature is another threat facing turtles. Turtle eggs that lie on warm sand are more likely to result in female turtles, which affects the animal’s diversity. Also, trash-covered beaches can make it hard for baby turtles to reach the sea.

However you want to celebrate World Sea Turtle Day, take some time to spread the word about what we can do to protect these ancient animals. Reducing the amount of plastic we use is just one small way we can help make sure sea turtles stick around for another 100 million years.

1. Which of the following best explains “comes in handy” underlined in Paragraph 2?

A．is useful

B．is interesting

C．is close

D．is difficult

2. What can we infer from the whole passage?

A．Turtles are a species which hates going around.

B．Turtles’ rate of survival is low though they are productive.

C．Turtles came into being long after the extinction of dinosaurs.

D．Turtles, belonging to reptile family, spend most of their lives on land.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is not the problem sea turtles are facing?

A．Turtle eggs lying on warm sand tend to result in female turtles.

B．Sea turtles often mistake plastic bags and other plastic items for food.

C．Sea turtles are captured by fishermen for food or for other purposes.

D．Baby turtles will have difficulty in reaching the sea when they are on trash-covered beaches.

4. What’ s the main idea of the passage?

A．The factors of causing sea turtles to die out.

B．Raising the awareness of protecting sea turtles.

C．A brief introduction of sea turtles’ living habits.

D．How sea turtles lay eggs.

4 . Native people in the Amazon may have been creating fertile soil for farming for thousands of years. And what they learned could offer lessons for people concerned about climate change today.

The Amazon River basin covers much of central South America, across which are archaeological sites where ancient people left their mark on the land. And patches(小块) of strangely fertile soil dot the landscape at many of these sites. It’s darker in color than surrounding soils and richer in carbon.

The industrial world has long viewed the Amazon as a vast wilderness — one that was mostly untouched before Europeans showed up. One reason for this idea was that the soil there is nutrient-poor. But a large number of ancient finds in recent decades has been turning that idea on its head. Plenty of evidence now shows that people were shaping the Amazon for thousands of years before Europeans arrived. Ancient city centers have been found in modern-day Bolivia, for instance.

To find out more, Perron, an Earth scientist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, became part of a team that reviewed interviews with Kuikuro people, who reported making dark Earth using ash, food scraps and controlled burns. They call the product eegepe.

The researchers also collected soil samples and found that there were “striking similarities” between dark Earth samples from ancient and modern sites. Both were far less acidic than the soils around them and also contained more plant-friendly nutrients.

The soil samples also revealed that on average, dark Earth holds twice as much carbon as the soil around it. Infrared(红外线的) scans in one Brazil region suggest the area holds many pockets of this dark Earth, which may store up to about 9 million tons of carbon that scientists have overlooked, Perron’s team says. That’s about as much carbon as a small, developed country emits per year.

‘Figuring out the true amount will require more data,’ says Antoinette Winkler Prins, a geographer working at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. Still, ‘the new research could offer insights into the Amazon’s past and future.’

1. What was previously believed about the Amazon River basin?

A．It was a vast wilderness untouched by humans.

B．It was a highly developed region with large cities.

C．It was an uninhabitable region with nutrient-rich soil.

D．It was a moderately fertile region occasionally farmed by natives.

2. What did the researchers find about the dark Earth created by the Kuikuro people?

A．It was made using advanced agricultural techniques.

B．It was fertile and contained more carbon than surrounding soils.

C．It was highly acidic and nutrient-poor.

D．It was only found at ancient archaeological sites.

3. What is the significance of the dark Earth discovered by the researchers?

A．It offers insight into ancient agricultural practices in the Amazon.

B．It is evidence of a highly advanced civilization that lived in the Amazon.

C．It can be used to grow crops in the nutrient-poor soil of the Amazon.

D．It has the potential to reduce carbon emissions from the region.

4. What is the main idea of this article?

A．Ancient Amazonians created fertile soil for farming using advanced techniques.

B．The Amazon River basin was inhabited and cultivated by ancient people.

C．The discovery of dark Earth in the Amazon could have significant implications for climate change.

D．The Kuikuro people have developed sustainable farming practices.

5 . Many kinds of turtles (海龟) found in the Philippines are endangered. But now, the turtles have one less threat. Many people who used to collect their eggs to eat or to sell are now working to keep turtles safe.

Those people are called poachers (偷猎者). Now, however, protection organizations are teaching former poachers how to safely collect the eggs and protect them before they hatch (孵化). The people who do this are paid about 37 cents per egg. That is four times more than they would earn from selling them illegally.

One of the former poachers is Johnny Manlugay. “I’ve learned to love this work,” he said, adding that he did not know it was illegal to eat turtle eggs and their meat. He now collects the eggs carefully and brings them to a group called Coastal Underwater Resource Management Actions (CURMA), which takes the eggs and puts them under the sand in a safe place. When the baby turtles hatch, they are directed to the water.

The turtles are called “pawikan” in the local language. They are at risk not only from poachers, but also climate change and habitat loss.

Carlos Tamayo is one of CURMA’s leaders. “We talked to the poachers, and it turned out poaching was just another means for them to earn a living,” he said. “They had no choice.”

Cabagbag is over 40 years old. His wife and seven-year-old son sometimes help him collect turtle eggs. Since October, they have taken over 1,000 eggs to CURMA. Cabagbag said that once he received training and learned that the turtles were endangered, he stopped poaching.

When the baby turtles hatch, many visitors come to watch them run down the beach and into the water. Cabagbag said seeing the turtles get safely into the water brings him a feeling of joy.

1. What is one of the ways of the organizations to protect turtles?

A．Teaching former poachers to collect and protect turtle eggs.

B．Getting the locals to receive more education.

C．Encouraging the locals to develop tourism.

D．Helping raise the locals’ earnings.

2. What can be known about Johnny Manlugay?

A．He helps place the eggs under the sand.

B．He encouraged his family to collect the eggs.

C．He has taken more than 1,000 eggs from CURMA.

D．He once lacked the awareness of protecting turtles.

3. Which threat to turtles is not mentioned in the text?

A．Poachers.

B．Climate change.

C．Ocean pollution.

D．Habitat loss.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．Turtles Are at Risk from Climate Change

B．Former Turtle Poachers Are Now Protectors

C．Turtle Population in the Philippines Is Changing

D．CURMA Is Offering Training of Turtle Protection to Farmers

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Huangshan Maofeng is a kind of green tea. It is produced throughout the Huangshan region of Anhui Province. This region    1    (have)a temperate climate and receives plenty of rainfall. The soil is deeply layered and made up of the yellow earth typically found in mountainous regions,    2    makes this area suitable for the growth of tea trees.

Huangshan Maofeng    3    (create) by a teahouse in Anhui Province in the Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty. Later, each year, during the Qingming period,    4    (picker)would climb high mountains in the Huangshan region     5    (collect) fat leaves and bud points, which were then fried and baked. They named the tea made from this practice Huangshan Maofeng.

Huangshan Maofeng must be picked    6    (careful). The picking standard for top-grade Huangshan Maofeng is to pick one bud and one leaf just before it’s about to unfold. After    7    (pick), the fresh leaves will be separated to ensure that all of the leaves are of high quality and    8    all of the buds are similar in size. Then they will be spread to dry out.

In order to ensure the quality and keep the    9    (fresh)of the tea, it is recommended that the tea leaves should be picked in the morning and processed in the afternoon,    10    picked in the afternoon and processed at night.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For people interested in learning more about the ethnic (少数民族) Miao culture, an ideal place to experience it is an ethnic Miao community, called Qianhu, in Guizhou Province.     1     has preserved the distinctive cultural traditions of the Miao ethnic group exhibited in the forms of architecture, arts, and daily lifestyle.

This world’s largest Miao community consists     2     a dozen smaller settlements     3    (spread) over rolling mountains. Singing is     4     essential part of local life. The Miao people begin to learn how to sing as early as they can speak.

The Miao people are also known for making fine embroidery (刺绣). Different from other parts of China, the themes     5    (express) in Miao embroidery are showy,     6    (imagine), and often based on folklores (民俗). Meanwhile, Miao people can     7    (effortless) arrange colors in a way that avoids awkwardness. This is a truly natural gift.

Another fine element of the Miao culture is wearing silver ornaments (装饰). For most of their history, the Miao people     8    (have) no written language, so they had to preserve and pass on their heritage through visual elements, like carving history on silver ornaments. Over time, this craft has evolved into a vehicle     9     represents the Miao culture and spirit.

The Miao songs, embroidery, and silver ornaments all convey the rich, profound history of the Miao people and     10    (symbol) the continuity of their culture and traditions.

8 . 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Wuyi Mountain, as a national nature conservation area, is well-known for its clear water and beautiful peaks. There is little doubt    1    it attracts millions of tourists from home and abroad annually.

But I’m concerned that the increasing number of tourists has had a negative impact    2    the environment. Garbage    3    (throw) around. Enterprises producing tourism-related products burn fossil fuels,    4    (cause) smog in the air. Restaurants release oily water into the river, making it dirty and smelly. “What should I do to help restore the    5    (harmony) ecological system here?” That is what I have been thinking about. Therefore, on behalf of the students of our school, I put forward the following suggestions.

To begin with, the government is supposed to adopt     6    (policy) to restrict the volume of tourists. Next it can carry out inspections into enterprises    7    (regular) and fine those who fail to solve pollution problem properly.

In addition, it is also the government’s responsibility    8    (seize) every opportunity to educate people to reduce their carbon footprints. It’s believed that if the government takes appropriate actions and    9    (put) environmental reforms in effect, we won’t have to be trapped in this environmental chaos. Only then can Wuyi Mountain head towards    10     sustainable future.

9 . Food waste contributes to ever-growing landfills (垃圾堆).    1     If you want to help the environment in your own way, you can start by reducing, or better yet, completely erasing food waste in your home. To give you an idea of where to start, here are some tips:

Don’t buy too much food whenever you go grocery shopping.    2     However, if your family cannot eat all the food before it goes bad, then it just adds to food waste. Taking several short grocery shopping trips every week instead of one long trip may help keep you from buying too much food, thereby cutting back on food waste.

Always make a shopping list.    3     That’s because you already know what things you need. Moreover, a list will prevent you from buying food items that you already have at home, which can help reduce the amount of potential food waste.

    4     For meats, you have to keep them in the freezer while fruits and vegetables should be stored in the crisper compartment (保鲜室). Although these tips may seem simple, they can help greatly reduce the amount of food waste that your family produces.

Use the “First-In-First-Out” method. For example, placing the newly bought foods at the back of the fridge or cupboard will encourage people to use the ones that are in the front row. This will ensure that you know what you have and reduce food waste.     5    

A．It can help keep your grocery trips short.

B．Having a fully filled fridge may look nice.

C．Your fridge may be too crowded to function well.

D．It is a waste of your money, as well as your effort.

E．Some people like to store up food for emergencies.

F．Foods need proper storage to prevent them going bad.

G．If you can’t see what foods you have, you’ll forget them.

10 . In 2016, Yu Yongguang, a teacher at the Jiangsu University, saw a Yangtze finless porpoise (江豚) for the first time in a newspaper. He found himself _________ by the “smile” of the porpoise. Two months later, Yu set up an on-campus association (协会) to protect the species in _________. At first, there were only seven members.

In recent years, his efforts have _________, and the association now has about 750 members. _________, thanks to close partnership with universities, government and non-profit organizations, the association has succeeded in _________ about 8,000 volunteers to contribute to the cute species’ _________.

With the development of the association, its work has gone far beyond _________ simple publicity activities. Under Yu’s leadership, his team members _________ the country’s first popular science book about the finless porpoise. They have also drew up various designs for a science popularization curriculum (科普课程) _________ different groups of people.

In addition, he has also __________ his team to the major habitats of the porpoise to conduct scientific study and environmental recording. Based on this work, the team has written a series of reports that include __________ suggestions on improving the habitat protection work. At present, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises is growing __________ and stands at around 1,000.

Yu said he never imagined that the small association he __________ would unite so many forces to protect the animals. He believes that the __________ of different parts of society together will see the number of finless porpoises continue to __________, and will also help the environment along the Yangtze River to improve continually.

1.

A．attacked

B．frightened

C．attracted

D．cheated

2.

A．safety

B．use

C．silence

D．danger

3.

A．taken on

B．paid off

C．broken down

D．showed up

4.

A．Also

B．Therefore

C．Otherwise

D．However

5.

A．ordering

B．promising

C．encouraging

D．warning

6.

A．performance

B．protection

C．action

D．popularity

7.

A．organizing

B．announcing

C．shortening

D．canceling

8.

A．lost

B．published

C．bought

D．read

9.

A．observing

B．fooling

C．shaping

D．targeting

10.

A．forced

B．limited

C．led

D．compared

11.

A．research-based

B．narrow-minded

C．plant-related

D．imagination-focused

12.

A．strangely

B．terribly

C．smoothly

D．dangerously

13.

A．joined

B．trusted

C．missed

D．established

14.

A．efforts

B．dreams

C．opinions

D．demands

15.

A．pass

B．rise

C．drop

D．stay