1 . There are many fascinating aspects of ant life, but none may be a more practical lesson for us than their gift for avoiding traffic jams.
A new research paper published in the journal eLife reveals how ants keep traffic flowing by changing their behavior to meet changing conditions. For their experiments, researchers from the University of Toulouse and the University of Arizona focused on Argentine ants that frequently move from one colony to another depending on the proximity (临近) of food sources.
Exploring the Argentine ants’ gift for fast commutes, the researchers built bridges connecting their colonies. The bridges varied in width from a fifth to three-quarters of an inch. The colonies, too, were of different sizes, ranging from 400 to more than 25,000 ants. Essentially, researchers built a new infrastructure (基础设施) system for the ants, connecting their biggest cities to the smallest villages. Then they sat back and monitored the traffic.
To their surprise, even when those narrower bridges reached near capacity, there were no 20-ant pile-ups. Indeed, there was never a hold-up. Traffic remained steady regardless of how overburdened the infrastructure was because ants were able to adjust to the change of road conditions. At some point, when the bridges got really busy, ants moved not so much as individuals but rather like water flowing in an ever-constant stream.
“When density on the trail increased, ants seemed to be able to assess crowding locally and adjusted their speed accordingly to avoid any interruption of traffic flow,” the authors note in a news release. “Moreover, ants kept themselves from entering a crowded path and ensured that the capacity of the bridge was never exceeded.” Argentine ants are extremely effective in getting to where they need to be in a hurry.
The lesson for humans? The traffic problem may lie in our inability to adjust our driving habits for the good of the whole. “Traffic jams are everywhere in human society where individuals are pursuing their own personal objectives,” the authors write. “In contrast, ants share a common goal: the survival of the colony, and thus they are expected to act cooperatively to optimize (优化) food return.”
1. How do the ants keep traffic flowing?A.By monitoring the traffic flow. | B.By adjusting to the road conditions. |
C.By communicating with each other. | D.By building their own paths. |
A.They scrambled to pass automatically. |
B.They flowed in the stream constantly. |
C.They moved on individually in a hurry. |
D.They changed their speed accordingly. |
A.To raise traffic safety awareness. | B.To give up individuals’ ambitions. |
C.To act for the good of the whole society. | D.To find solutions to present problems. |
A.How Argentine Ants Move on the Roads |
B.Interesting Exploration of Ants’ Gifts |
C.A New Research Paper on Ants |
D.Ants Teach Us How to Avoid Traffic Jams |
2 . Wooden houses surrounded by a thick forest, classical music playing softly in the background, a very special cafe, three meals a day and several outdoor activity areas. This sounds like a dream vacation arrangement (安排). But this is not a place for people. It’s for cats in the province of Samsun, Türkiye.
Kedi Kasabas, or “cat town”, is one interesting place in the country, a place where cats can experience what real comfort is!
The town, which covers an area of around 20 acres, is run by the local city and most admitted guests have a hard backstory. “All cats here are homeless and usually go through suffering s before being brought here. They are either injured or mentally suffer. We treat them and put them back into the town. The environment here is really beautiful for them,” Faruk Kan, a Kedi Kasabas vet, said.
Kan is not the only vet working at the shelter. There’s a whole team looking after the cats and making sure all their needs are met. The place even has a special area for sick or injured cats, where they receive personalized (个性化的) treatment.
There are currently 150 animals living in “cat town”, and the number keeps rising. There are wooden houses where they can rest, and also houses designed for socializing. During the winter they are provided with heated accommodation, so feeling convenient and warm is a sure thing for these furry creatures.
The love for cats seems to be a Turkish favourite. Istanbul is known for being home to several hundred thousand cats. There, people take care of street cats like kings. The four-legged friends are fed and kept healthy and they have already become part of the city view.
Even though cats may have a happy life outdoors in the forest or wandering around in the city streets, there’s nothing like having a stable (稳定的) home, lying next to a human friend.
1. What can be learned about “cat town”?A.It is quite difficult to reach. | B.It is peaceful and comfortable. |
C.It is very expensive to run. | D.It serves special coffee to visitors. |
A.Cats. | B.Visitors. | C.Workers. | D.Volunteers. |
A.They are thrown by their owners. | B.They came from pet lovers. |
C.They are friendly to humans. | D.They used to suffer a lot. |
A.The forest. | B.The city streets. |
C.A human’s home. | D.A pet hospital. |
3 . While riding hard on a bike, do you feel like you are saving the planet? Or do you just feel out of breath? In fact, cycling is now considered one of the best weapons mankind can use in the fight against climate change.
The United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution (决议) in March supporting bicycles as a tool for dealing with climate change. The resolution calls on member states to “add the bicycle to public transportation, in the city and countryside, in developing and developed countries”, with all 193 members of the UN agreeing upon the resolution.
The decision has received positive comments from different groups in support of cycling and the environmental awareness internationally. “It’s an important step toward the recognition of cycling as an important means of transport,” said the European Cyclists Federation.
The resolution from the UN comes at a time when climate change has returned to the center of the world’s attention. On February 28, the UN published a new report assessing (评估) recent climate change trends (趋势). The report warns that the world’s average temperature will rise by 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels (1850-1900), with more than 40% of the world’s population being “easily affected” to these temperature changes.
Cycling is an environmentally friendly means of transport. Choosing to take a bike instead of a car just once a day can reduce a person’s carbon emission (碳排放) from transport by 67 percent, according to a research by the University of Oxford. The research also found that cyclists produced 84 percent lower CO 2 emissions from all daily travel than non-cyclists.
Cycling has grown in popularity as people who take public transport to work wish to stay away from crowded public transport and also like taking any opportunity to exercise. Cycling culture has been further encouraged with the influence of COVID-19. In May 2020, bike sales in Spain increased 22 times compared with 2019. In London, large parts of the city are being closed off to cars so that people can walk and cycle safely.
More importantly, the resolution focuses on bike-sharing services, which could be seen as recognition of China’s bike-sharing success, noted CGTN. China has some of the largest bike-sharing systems in the world. This means of transport that produces zero emissions reduces the amount of CO2 sent out into the atmosphere (大气层) by 4.8 million tons every year, according to a 2020 report from the World Resources Institute.
1. What is the resolution aimed at?A.Winning all member states’ support. |
B.Making bicycles part of public transport. |
C.Dealing with the problem of climate change. |
D.Making people healthier and more athletic. |
A.The whole world’s attention on climate change. |
B.Cycling is encouraged in numerous countries. |
C.China’s success in Bike-sharing systems. |
D.More people wish to exercise more. |
A.It get people to exercise and stay healthy. |
B.It can largely reduce our carbon footprint. |
C.It can reduce the influence of the COVID-19. |
D.It helps us stay away from crowded public transport. |
A.Cycling to improve health | B.Cycling to a climate solution |
C.Why is cycling so important | D.A new resolution by the UN |
4 . One pet parrot (鹦鹉) Louie managed to save a Tennessee family. The Smiths were woken up by the bird’s repeated and
When they woke up, they were shocked to find the
Although there was nothing left in their home, the family received support from a large number of
A.sweet | B.noisy | C.soft | D.lovely |
A.great | B.real | C.true | D.good |
A.word | B.signal | C.sound | D.voice |
A.news | B.cries | C.fire | D.smoke |
A.drove | B.jumped | C.walked | D.ran |
A.ultimately | B.narrowly | C.constantly | D.apparently |
A.wounds | B.hurts | C.injuries | D.burns |
A.put out | B.pick up | C.take down | D.look over |
A.meet | B.rescue | C.hide | D.check |
A.enter | B.protect | C.leave | D.repair |
A.work | B.wait | C.live | D.stay |
A.birthday | B.wedding | C.dancing | D.holiday |
A.normal | B.gentle | C.kind | D.rich |
A.Unluckily | B.Definitely | C.Eventually | D.Gradually |
A.borrowed | B.presented | C.offered | D.obtained |
5 . In the 20th century, conservationists set out to restore the Galapagos giant tortoise (巨型陆龟) on Española — and the island ecosystem. From 1963 to 2020, conservationists reintroduced nearly 2,000 Galapagos giant tortoises to Española. Since then, the tortoises have continued to multiply in the wild, causing the population to blossom to an estimated 3,000. They’ve also seen the ecological transformation of Española.
The tortoises’ return has also helped the critically endangered waved albatross (信天翁) — a species that multiplies only on Española. During the island’s woody times, Maud Quinzin, a conservation geneticist who has previously worked with Galapagos tortoises, says that people had to repeatedly clear the areas the seabirds use as runways to take off and land. Now, if the landing places are getting overgrown, they’ll move tortoises into the area to take care of it for them. The secret to this success is that — much like brown bears and elephants — giant tortoises are ecological architects. As they wander around, they change the landscape. They step on young trees and bushes before they can grow big enough to block the albatrosses’ way.
The giant tortoises likewise have a big impact on the giant species of prickly pear cactuses (仙人掌梨) that call Española home — one of the tortoises’ favorite foods and an essential resource for the island’s other inhabitants. When the tortoises eat the cactus’s fallen leaves, they prevent them from taking root and competing with their parents. And, after they eat the cactus’s fruit, they drop the seeds across the island, offering a protective shell of fertilizer.
The extent of these and other ecological effects of the tortoise are documented in a new study by James Gibbs, a conservation scientist of the giant tortoise restoration program. The results, he says, are a good sign for other rewilding projects that include giant tortoise restoration as a keystone of their efforts, such as those underway on other islands of the Galapagos and the Mascarene Islands in the Indian Ocean.
1. What is a result of reintroducing the Galapagos giant tortoise to Española?A.Endangerment of other species. |
B.Restoration of the local ecosystem. |
C.Decrease in giant tortoises’ population. |
D.Transformation of rewilding projects. |
A.By reducing the extent of woody plants. |
B.By spreading the seeds of a key species. |
C.By creating more living habitats for them. |
D.By limiting the number of their competitors. |
A.Unclear. | B.Reserved. | C.Positive. | D.Dismissive. |
A.Endangered Species Is Hard to Be Restored |
B.Once-endangered Species Blossom in Galapagos Islands |
C.Española Became a Wonderland for Galapagos Giant Tortoises |
D.Galapagos Giant Tortoises Prove Their Worth as Ecosystem Engineers |
6 . Growing up, Danielle Belleny was “always outdoorsplaying with plants and picking up insects and investigating the world on my own,” she told TIME for Kids. She hadn’t yet heard of wildlife biology, but that’s what she was learning about. “I wanted to be a veterinarian(兽医), at first,”she says.“I always knew I wanted to work with animals. That was the only job I knew where you could do that.” But when Belleny was in college, her dad mentioned wildlife biology as an alternative.
Later, Belleny started working on research projects. She spent a lot of time with animals in their natural environment. One project was about placing trackers on a bird called the northern bobwhite. For another, she spent time herding goats. It was a way to maintain a grass habitat for endangered box turtles without hurting them.
Belleny’s current job is at Plateau Land & Wildlife Management, in Hays County, Texas. “In the morning, I’m usually out the door by sunrise,” she says. She surveys birds. She keeps track of different species. And she searches for signs of what other animals in the area are doing. “It’s basically knowing how to read the landscape,” she says, “based on what plants and different characteristics are there.”
Around lunchtime, she’ll return home and write up a report. In the afternoon, she leaves for another site visit. Landowners can request her services. She advises people on how to accommodate the wildlife that lives on their property. “It’s a lot of meeting new people, a lot of quick introductions, and then talking for long periods of time.
Outside of work, Belleny has been birding, or bird-watching, for seven years. Her first book, This Is a Book for People Who Love Birds, was published in May. It allowed her to share her love of the activity. Now she’s working on a children’s book about birding. It’s scheduled to come out in fall 2023.
Belleny has some advice for young people who are thinking about careers. “Try everything you’re interested in. And if you’re interested in working with animals, go to a library and find some field guides.” There’s a lot of information about animals out there. Books are always a good place to start.
1. What is Danielle Belleny at present?A.A veterinarian | B.A wildlife biologist |
C.A zoo keeper | D.A full-time writer |
A.She keeps birds in her home |
B.She teaches people to watch birds |
C.She writes books about birds |
D.She advises people to accommodate birds |
A.Find information about a library | B.Try to like animals |
C.Reading is essential for children | D.Do what you like |
A.Survey wildlife in the field | B.Protect endangered species |
C.Make researches on plants | D.Help farmers with their crops |
7 . Most environmental pollution on Earth comes from humans and their inventions, such as cars or plastic. Today, car emissions(排放物) area major source of air pollution leading to climate change, and plastics fill our ocean, creating a significant health issue to marine(海洋的) animals.
And what about the electric light, thought to be one of the greatest human inventions of all time? Electric light can be a beautiful thing, guiding us home when the sun goes down,keeping us safe and making our homes bright. However, like carbon dioxide emissions and plastic, too much of a good thing has started to impact the environment. Light pollution, the inappropriate use of outdoor light, is affecting human health, wildlife behavior and our ability to observe stars.
Light pollution is a global issue. This became obvious when the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness, a computer-generated map based on thousands of satellite photos, was published in 2016. Available online for viewing, the map shows how and where our globe is lit up at night. Vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia are glowing(发光) with light, while only the most remote regions on Earth(Greenland, Central African Republic and Niue) are in total darkness. Some of the most light-polluted countries in the world are Singapore, Qatar, and Kuwait.
Sky glow is the brightening of the night sky, mostly over cities, due to the electric lights of cars, street lamps, offices, factories, outdoor advertising, and buildings, turning night into day for people who work and play long after sunset.
People living in cities with high levels of sky glow have a hard time seeing more than a handful of stars at night. Astronomers are particularly concerned with sky glow pollution as it reduces their ability to view stars.
More than 80 percent of the world’s population, and 99 percent of Americans and Europeans, live under sky glow.
1. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A.The use of outdoor light must be forbidden. |
B.Electric light has both advantages and disadvantages. |
C.Electric light is the main factor to keep us safe. |
D.Electric light is the greatest human invention. |
A.Qatar. | B.Singapore. | C.Kuwait. | D.Niue. |
A.Sky glow costs too much. |
B.Sky glow has a bad effect on their sleep. |
C.Sky glow affects their viewing stars. |
D.Sky glow wastes too much electricity. |
A.Light pollution | B.Plastic pollution |
C.Different kinds of pollution | D.Air pollution |
In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu Shaochuang, there is
Since 2012, Liu
Liu works at the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His studies have covered many fields, including polar region
9 . Sometimes a camera’s eye in the sky can cast new light on the world we live in—highlighting changes or celebrating beauty we might be unaware of on ground level. And that’s what you’ll see in the winners from the 2023 Drone (无人机) Photo Awards.
The photography competition, now in its sixth year, received nearly 14, 000 images from amateur and professional photographers from 104 countries for the nine categories of the competition. All photos were taken from above using a drone.
Here’s a look at some of those award-winning photos and honorable mentions from around the world.
Amigos
“In Baja California Sur in Mexico, gray whales come to interact with people—as if they were friends(in Spanish’Amigos’),” says the photographer.
The art of rice processing
Rice mill workers start their day at the break of dawn. Some of them boil the paddy rice. Others carry it and spread it outside the rice mill to dry in the sun. To make sure that it dries properly, they rake (耙) it out, then sweep it back.
A cherished wetland drowning in trash
The Pallikaranai wetland is one of the few remaining wetlands in India. Every day, the photographer says that 3,500 tons of garbage are dumped on some 300 acres of this nearly 20,000-acre wetland.
Strawberry fields forever, Act I, Scene 1
Naming it The strawberry show is about to begin, the photographer says that the strawberry field from above looks like the opening of a theater curtain before a big show.
1. What can we learn about the 2023 Drone Photo Awards?A.It is held every six years. |
B.The theme of the entries is limited. |
C.The photos are taken by professionals. |
D.It attracts many photographers from all over the world. |
A.Amigos. |
B.The art of rice processing. |
C.A cherished wetland drowning in trash. |
D.Strawberry fields forever, Act I, Scene 1. |
A.They all celebrate beauty. |
B.They all highlight changes. |
C.They are all taken from the air. |
D.They belong to the same category. |
We were doing a house cleaning for the new year. Everything was going well. I cleaned the bottom of the sofa when I heard the scream (尖叫). It was so loud that I guessed someone had broken into our home. “A mouse! A mouse!” screamed my little sister. My younger cousin screamed just as loud, and pointed.
How could it be able to enter our house? I later learned from the Internet that mice enter homes through cracks and holes found in walls, floors and foundations. Due to their body shape, mice are able to fit through holes much smaller than appear likely. They may also enter the home through gaps in windows or ceilings, as well as through sewer (下水道) lines. Anyway, it seemed that we had a trouble.
My sister and cousin jumped up on the couch as the baby mouse ran to one side of our living room and then the other. Because of the screams, the mouse was frightened and at a loss. The little rodent (啮齿动物) had obviously found a home in our house. “Get the mouse!” my little sister and younger cousin screamed.
It was so tiny and quick that I wasn’t sure what to do. I tried catching its long gray tail, but it ran away and up a dining chair. I had an idea. “Get a shoebox,” I said. But my little sister and younger cousin shook their heads at the same time. They had no intention of moving from the couch. I ran to our bedroom and came back with an empty box. Then I held a fly swatter (苍蝇拍). My plan was to stun (打昏) the little mouse and put it in the box.
I was about to hit it with the swatter when my little sister shouted out, “Don’t kill it! It’s a baby and a little cute.” My younger cousin agreed with her, and I could tell by its frightened eyes that the little mouse did, too. The tiny mouse twitched (抽搐) its mouth. It seemed to be saying, “Listen to them. I don’t want to be killed. This is my first new year!” As I saw the fear in the mouse’s eyes, I gained some compassion (怜悯).
注意:
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I slowly walked toward it with a small towel.
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I asked my sister and cousin if they wanted to say goodbye.
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