1 . If you think about World Heritage Sites, you probably think of places associated with ancient art and culture and historical buildings. And of course, many of these are on the World Heritage List (WHL). These include remains of ancient cultures like Cuzco in Peru or the rock city of Petra in Jordan as well as old city centers such as Rome in Italy. Also common are places of artistic or cultural significance, like the Stonehenge stone circle in England. But the WHL contains a lot of sites that are not so obvious. Let’s look at a few of the more unusual sites on the WHL and why it is important to preserve them.

Citadel of Haiti

These monuments were built at the end of the 19th century when Haiti became independent and the many thousands of black slaves in Haiti were free for the first time. These ex-slaves built the monuments, which the WHL describes as “a universal symbol of liberty”.

Borders of France and Spain

This is an area of great natural beauty and the mountains have many interesting geological formations.

But it is also an area of small farms. The WHL has listed the site because it shows us about past European society through its landscape of villages, farms, fields, up land pastures and mountain roads.

The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway

This railway in India was opened in 1881 and is still operating today. It crosses a difficult area of mountain landscape and it is a great example of railway engineering. The WHL says that it is “the first, and still the most outstanding, example of a hill passenger railway.”

The city of Brasilia

Brasilia is a capital city that was created from nothing in 1956. The WHL calls it “a land mark in the history of town planning”. The different areas of the city and the buildings themselves were all designed at the same time so that they would harmonize with each other.

1. What’s the function of the examples of World Heritage Sites in paragraph 1?

A．To highlight the importance of WHL.

B．To exemplify sites of artistic and cultural value.

C．To compare the differences between various sites.

D．To draw readers’ attention to more unique sites on the WHL.

2. Who built Citadel of Haiti?

A．Former slaves.	B．Citizens in Haiti.
C．Active revolutionaries.	D．Haiti government.

3. Which site will attract a town planner most?

A．Citadel of Haiti.	B．Borders of France and Spain.
C．The city of Brasilia.	D．The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway.

2 . In a fascinating discovery, western lowland gorillas (大猩猩) at Zoo Atlanta have been caught summoning their keepers using a strange cough-sneeze mixture, which researchers have called a “snough”. Only two other species have displayed this ability to create new vocalizations to attract our attention: zoo-housed chimpanzees and orangutans. Now, we can add gorillas to that list.

As many of us know, Koko put a spotlight on gorilla intelligence in the 1980s and 1990s with her incredible ability to communicate with humans using sign language. She was trained and worked hard at it, but now it seems gorillas have taken it upon themselves to establish unique communication with us in their own way.

Roberta Salmi, a biological anthropologist at the University of Georgia, and colleagues ran an experiment to confirm the purpose of the “snough”, by placing eight of the zoo’s gorillas in three different situations. In the first, only the keeper was present; in the second only the food was present; in the final one, the keeper was holding the food. The food and keeper were in sight but out of reach. The gorillas involved used the “snough” vocalization most when there was a human present with food, indicating the call is likely an attempt to get the keeper’s attention.

This complex vocal learning — the ability to produce unique calls — is rare in the animal kingdom and confirmed only in some species of birds, bats and elephants. But they all do so by imitating. The analysis showed the gorilla’s “snough” is a unique sound, not an imitation — although they are certainly capable of imitating us in other ways.

“These results demonstrate that gorillas can change their calls to produce a novel sound and furthermore confirm that they can produce their calls and gestures intentionally to change the attention state of their caregiver,” the team concluded in their paper. We’ve clearly long underestimated these clever souls.

1. Which of the following can replace “summoning” underlined in paragraph 1?

A．pleasing

B．calling

C．finding

D．warning

2. How did the researchers carry out the research?

A．By ordering the gorillas to make the “snough” vocalization.

B．By training the gorillas to attract their keepers’ attention.

C．By comparing the gorillas’ reactions in different situations.

D．By gathering information about the gorillas from their keepers.

3. Why does the author mention some other animals in paragraph 4?

A．To illustrate gorillas can imitate humans in other ways.

B．To confirm only gorillas have the ability to produce unique calls.

C．To prove the animals can produce unique calls through imitation.

D．To show gorillas’ ability to invent the new vocalization is uncommon.

4. What can be inferred from the research?

A．Some animals have the ability to make new sounds.

B．Gorillas can create a new sound to draw zookeepers’ attention.

C．Some intelligent animals try to attract attention by imitating.

D．Gorillas are able to communicate with humans using unique gestures.

3 . Low-maintenance (无须费神的) care is one of the biggest advantages of owning a cat. Cats are known for being independent. And unlike dogs, cats don’t require daily walks in order to get their exercise fix.     1     It’s necessary to make sure your cat has plenty of chances to move her body.

Why is Exercise Important for Cats?

Exercise is very important when it comes to keeping your cat healthy. Exercise, along with diet, is important for maintaining your cat’s weight.     2     Plus, that extra weight can put added pressure on the legs and feet, leading to mobility problems down the road.

Exercise is also good for mental health (精神健康).     3     As an added benefit, enough physical exercise can keep your cat from acting in destructive (破坏性的) ways.

How Much Exercise Does Your Cat Need?

The exact amount (数量) of recommended exercise differs from cat to cat.     4     This doesn’t necessarily mean running or walking for 30 minutes straight, though.

How to Help Your Cat Exercise

    5     Try playing together for at least 15 minutes or so per day with toys. With enough independent games, toys, and tools for your cat to use on her own terms, she will also get in more movement, like walking, climbing, and scratching (抓).

A．Cats are good at taking care of themselves.

B．Exercise helps to kill boredom and lower stress.

C．That doesn’t mean cat exercise isn’t important, though.

D．Taking your cat outside can inspire her interest in exercise.

E．For most adult cats, though, 30 minutes per day is recommended.

F．Fat cats may be cute, but being overweight can lead to health problems.

G．Playing with your cat every day is one of the best ways to help them exercise.

4 . Low-effort things you can do to live sustainably

You might think you need to change a lot of your daily habits to live sustainably but, in fact, becoming more eco-friendly is much easier than it might seem. Below are some easy steps towards becoming more sustainable.

Shop at farmer markets.

Getting your daily fruit and vegetables from a local farmer market is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint while eating healthily. It cuts out lengthy stays of the products in refrigerated storage and up to thousands of miles of fossil-fueled transportation.     1    

Practice meatless Mondays.

Global meat production is a big contributor to greenhouse gasses.     2     It isn’t necessary either. Many people reducing their meat consumption by a small amount would still have a great impact. According to a study, you could reduce your carbon footprint by as much as 8 pounds each week just by practicing meatless Mondays only.

Dispose of unused medications properly.

Flushing (冲) unused medications down the drain (下水道) can pollute water supplies affecting everything downstream. You shouldn’t throw medications away either as they can be dangerous for others to find.     3     Leftover medications can be chemically dealt with and disposed of in a safe and secure way there.

    4    

It is easy to understand that buying something used is more environmentally friendly than buying something new and clothes are no exception.     5     According to the United Nations, the fashion industry is responsible for 2% - 8% of global carbon emissions (排放量). Buying something used keeps things out of landfills and reduces demand for new items.

A．Shop second-hand.

B．Think twice before shopping.

C．A meatless diet can help prevent disease.

D．The best option is to take them to a collection site.

E．It is not practical to expect everyone to go vegetarian,

F．Additionally, less plastic in packaging reduces plastic waste.

G．The fast-fashion industry consumes considerable resources each year.

5 . Every year on 2 February, Punxsutawney Phil, the groundhog (土拨鼠), comes out of his hole in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. If the sun is shining and he sees his shadow before going back into his hole, it means winter will last six more weeks. But if the day is cloudy, spring will come early. Curiously, Phil is not alone. In the region around Milan, tradition has it that if the bear comes out of his hole on a sunny day, he will be able to make himself a nice dry bed and then he’ll want to keep on sleeping. This will show that the winter will continue. But if it’s a rainy day, the bear will have to stay out—and spring will come soon.

“These traditions can be traced back to Indo-European civilisations 3,000-5,000 years ago,” says Venetian historian Elena Righetto. “That’s why they are spread all over Europe,” she explains. The deepest meaning of the tradition, according to Righetto, is in its seemingly contradictory (矛盾的) nature. It might seem illogical (不合逻辑的) that cold days indicate the coming of spring, or that groundhogs and bears would decide to stay out just when the weather is bad.

“The idea is that the darkest moment, when everything seems to go wrong, is when we experience a rebirth, a new life,” explains Righetto. There is a thought that life comes from darkness, just as plants start to grow from the seeds left underground during winter. This thought is so powerful that it crossed countries and survived centuries.

Traditions don’t protect people from bad weather, death, or illness, but they protect them emotionally from some of the anxiety related to those coming realities. They don’t solve the real problem, but they solve the mental problem—they help you live through the hard times of life. In a way, if we can believe in the magical powers of groundhogs and bears, we might find even an extended (延长的) winter a bit warmer and friendlier.

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．Animals are cleverer than humans.	B．The groundhog dislikes his shadow.
C．The bear prefers to sleep in the dry bed.	D．Nice weather indicates an extended winter.

2. What does the second paragraph talk about?

A．The origin of the traditions.	B．The nature of the world.
C．The laws of the nature.	D．Indo-European civilisations.

3. What can we learn about these traditions from the last paragraph?

A．They can prevent bad weather.	B．They can provide emotional support.
C．They can solve the real problem.	D．They can exercise magical powers.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards the idea behind the traditions?

A．Critical.

B．Puzzled.

C．Respectful.

D．Uncertain.

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What was the temperature by mid-afternoon in southeast England?

A．26℃.

B．23℃.

C．17℃.

2. What will the weather be like in Scotland for much of the weekend?

A．Sunny.

B．Rainy.

C．Cloudy.

3. What is the speaker doing?

A．Doing a survey.

B．Giving a speech.

C．Hosting a program.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nanjing, the capital city of China’s Jiangsu Province and located ( 位于) along the Yangtze River Delta (三角洲),     1     (be) once the capital of the Ming Dynasty and is recognized as one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China alongside Beijing, Xi’an     2     Luoyang.

But if you’ll only be visiting for 72 hours, there are a few     3     (experience) that you shouldn’t miss out on.

Any trip to Nanjing, no matter     4     short it is, wouldn’t be complete without some excellent food. Nanjing cuisine is a part of Jiangsu cuisine and often shows the area’s     5     (local) grown produce and fresh seafood.

The city is also considered the birthplace of Peking Duck, but it also prepares a local favorite: Nanjing salted duck,     6     is served cold after being cooked in very salty water.

The area’s close     7     (connect) to the river delta ensures that travelers will have a taste of seafood, such as hairy crab.

Nanjing is known for     8     (it) cultural and political importance. Today, travelers can visit numerous temples (寺庙) within the city and walk along Stone City, the remains of the city’s ancient fortifications (防御工事), at a local park.

Nanjing is also home     9     one UNESCO World Heritage Site — the Xiaoling Mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty, located in the Zhongshan Mountain National Park, where many other    10     (importance) sites, such as Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, are also located.

8 . 假如你是李华。你的澳大利亚朋友Tom听说春节期间你去了马街书会 (Majie Quyi Show), 请你给他写封回信, 介绍下马街书会的基本情况。

历史	700 多年	性质	民间艺术盛会; “中国十大民俗”之一
时间	每年阴历正月十一至十三	地点	河南宝丰马街
演员	来自全国的曲艺艺人	内容	40多种曲艺和其它传统曲目

注意: 1. 词数80 左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

9 . Four reasons to adopt a dog

If you haven’t already experienced the unbelievable joy of adopting (收养) a dog, this year is a great time to feel the love.     1    ? Here are some great reasons.

Unconditional love

Even your closest friends and family members trouble and are troubled by you occasionally.     2     . You just take him to take a walk or just check out that wagging (摇摆) tail and happy bark when you return from work. Your dog loves you unconditionally!

    3    

Each year, 2.7 million dogs die in shelters because there just aren’t enough people to adopt them. When you adopt from a shelter or rescue group, not only are you saving that dog, but you’re clearing up space for another animal that might need it.

You’ll never be lonely

    4    , dogs are typically more social animals, wanting to hang with their people. Whether you’re reading, or working on the computer, your dog will likely be at your side or curled up at your feet, enjoying your company. A study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that dog owners are less lonely, less depressed, and are happier and have higher self-esteem than those without dogs.

It’s good for your health physically and mentally

There are all sorts of studies that show links between dog ownership and health benefits from lowering the risk of heart diseases to living longer lives.     5    , and children born into a home with a dog have a reduced risk of development all diseases.

A．You’ll save a life

B．Do you need some reasons

C．But your dog wouldn’t trouble you

D．Would you like to go to walk a dog

E．Other studies show that dogs help relieve stress

F．Unlike cats that often are quite happy doing their own thing

G．Your friends are tired of seeing your face from social media

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

On March 31, the Eiffel Tower celebrated its 130th anniversary since it opened.     1    (original) planned to last only 20 years, the people of Paris wisely decided to keep it standing,    2     (recognize) its importance. Millions of people     3     (visit) the tower so far, according to its official website.

The tower was created by the French engineer Gustave Eiffel and was first intended as the main entrance     4     the 1889 World’s Fair. It was built in a little over two years and faced criticism from some locals initially. However, it quickly captured the attention of fair visitors, attracting more than two million people. It also had a     5     (practice) use as a radio antenna during World War I.

Visitors today can choose to climb 1,665 steps or take one of the original elevator cars    6     (reach) the top. At the top of the tower,     7     the tower’s administrative office is located, guests can enjoy a drink at the champagne bar on the top floor.

Today, the Eiffel Tower is a symbol of France, representing a feeling of pride and thankfulness. It is a global icon that can bring together people from different     8    (background). The tower is not only     9     popular tourist destination but also a widely recognized symbol, a     10     (believe) held by many who appreciate its enduring charm.