1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

On one late-autumn day, Wang Ting,     1     resident in the Shanxi provincial capital of Taiyuan, took his family to the Jueweishan Mountain in the city’s northwestern suburbs to take hundreds of pictures.

“Autumn is usually the best season for Taiyuan,” Wang said. “But that was not necessarily true in the past for the city,     2     was troubled by pollution from heavy industry companies.

A change for the better, not only in Taiyuan but the entire Shanxi Province,     3     (take) place over the past few years thanks to the local governments and people’s efforts in environmental protection.

Statistics from the Shanxi Department of Ecology and Environment show that     4     (compare) with 65.7 percent in 2017, Shanxi had 72.1 percent of its days with an air quality reaching good and excellent levels in 2021. There is also an obvious     5     (improve) in water quality across rivers and lakes.

During a recent news conference, Wang Yanfeng, head of the department, said that Shanxi has been holding the idea that green mountains and clear waters are     6     good as mountains of gold and silver     7     (achieve) a balance between the environment and social economic development over the past few years.

“Our initiatives include upgrading local industries to clean production,     8     (develop) clean energy resources, reducing pollution and emissions, and promoting environmentally friendly industries as new growth drivers,” Wang said.

After the industrial upgrades, Shanxi,     9     (tradition) a coa-producing province, is seeing 75 percent of     10     (it) coal output generated from advanced and clean production facivilities. In the power industry, 34.3 percent of the electricity in Shanxi now comes from new and renewable energy resources, according to Wang.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What does the man suggest?

A．Warning drivers of air pollution.

B．Encouraging people to walk.

C．Limiting the use of cars.

2. What can be the difficulty in stopping people from driving?

A．The lack of the governments support.

B．More and more serious air pollution.

C．Peopled dependence on driving cars.

3. What does the woman think about the man’s idea?

A．It’s interesting.

B．It’s impractical.

C．It’s worth trying.

3 . While the situation may be improving, much of the world is still under the shadow of COVID-19 and its associated containment measures. But according to a study published in the scientific journal Cell, an unlikely friend could help defeat the virus.

Known for their long legs and beautiful eyelashes, llamas (美洲驼) — specifically their antibodies (抗体) — are believed to play an important role in the fight against the virus.

Having experimented with antibodies from a llama called Winter years ago, a small lab at Ghent University in Belgium had a eureka moment earlier this year. They found that llama antibodies were able to neutralize (中和) both the MERS and SARS viruses — two strains of the coronavirus that caused previous outbreaks in 2012 and 2003, respectively.

Done in cooperation with the University of Texas, US, studies showed their effectiveness against COVID-19.

Jason McLellan, from the University of Texas at Austin and co-author of the study, said, “This is one of the first antibodies known to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.”

Antibodies are like your body’s defense system. Similar to tiny soldiers, they protect your body from invaders (入侵者) and destroy them before they can spread. But what makes llama antibodies so special is their small size, which enables them to better fight the virus by sticking to its spikes (刺突) more easily. This will prevent attachment and entry, which effectively neutralizes the virus.

The encouraging results have led to rapid development and testing of the antibodies so that they can be tested on humans as soon as possible. However, the study’s co-author, Xavier Saelens, from Ghent University noted that “there is still a lot of work to do to bring this into the clinic”. But he added that “if it works, llama Winter deserves a statue”.

1. Who is the unlikely friend mentioned in the first paragraph?

A．A researcher.

B．A system.

C．A virus.

D．An animal.

2. What does the underlined word “eureka” mean in paragraph 3?

A．It’s terrible.

B．I’m fed up.

C．I found it.

D．Let’s try harder.

3. What’s Xavier Saelens’ attitude towards applying the antibodies to the clinical practice?

A．Indifferent.

B．Hopeful.

C．Negative.

D．Disapproving.

4. What can we learn from the text?

A．The MERS virus caused a previous outbreak in 2003.

B．The small size enables llama antibodies to better fight the virus.

C．The llama antibodies’ tying to the spikes is able to kill the spikes.

D．It won’t be long before llama antibodies are ready for clinical use.

4 . What fisherman Moul Thun from a remote island in the Mekong River, in northern Cambodia, didn’t know was that stingray he hooked would eventually be named the largest recorded freshwater fish. For Zeb Hogan, who’s been documenting large freshwater fishes for almost two decades, the discovery of the stingray, which was released alive back into the river, filled him with hope. “It proves these underwater big fish, which are in critical danger, still exist,’’ says Hogan.

Hogan’s pursuit for big fish, called the Megafishes Project and supported by National Geographic Society , began in 2005 when fishermen in northern Thailand pulled a 646-pound cafish out of the Mekong River. The species is known that it was the largest, that is, the heaviest-ever caught in the area.

Arriving at the island, the team found Thun’s fish, a female that appeared to be in good health. It was more than 13 feet from nose to tail. The researchers were shocked to see her weight at 661 pounds. She set a new world record. The original aim of the Megafishes Project was to find, study, and protect the world’s largest freshwater fishes. The project focused on species that could grow to at least the size of a human and that lived only in freshwater.

Hogan initially drew up a list of roughly 30 species to focus on.

The challenge, as Hogan soon learned, was that many of these fish are hard to find. They live in remote, inaccessible places, and often in deep waters. Early on in the search, there were relatively few scientists studying them.

What was clear was that the river giants were shrinking in number, threatened by a host of factors including overfishing, water pollution, and the presence of dams, which block migrating fish from completing their life cycles. As Hogan’s work progressed, its focus increasingly turned to conservation. “It was never about just finding the biggest fish,” Hogan says, “but looking for ways to protect these extraordinary animals that, in some cases, have been on Earth for hundreds of millions of years but are now drifting out of entities.”

1. Why was Zeb Hogan full of hope?

A．Freshwater fishes weren’t in danger.	B．Some large fishes didn’t die out
C．The stingray was put into the river.	D．Many large fishes existed in rivers.

2. What can we know about the 646-pound catfish?

A．It was also caught by Moul Thun.	B．It’s the largest recorded freshwater fish.
C．It was injured very seriously.	D．It was caught in the Mekong River.

3. Which of the following is the original goal of the Megafishes Project?

A．Finding about 30 species of big fishes.	B．Studying fishes smaller than humans.
C．Protecting big freshwater fishes.	D．Setting new record in finding fishes.

4. What does the underlined part “drifting out of entities” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Dying out.	B．Getting ill.
C．Being protected.	D．Living well.

5 . I was walking through the bush when, suddenly, a baby koala rushed to me through the sky. Through quick thinking, I managed to catch it in my _______. “Oh Doodah, are you —_______ to see me today?” I asked the koala. Doodah, a baby koala, was just one of the many koalas that had come into my _______. And while I might be his favourite person, I loved all of these animals _______.

Ever since I was a girl, I’d loved animals and at 18 had started work at the Curmmbin Wildlife Sanctuary as a _______ collector. Selecting leaves for the koalas brought me so much joy as the koalas _______ them for food. Through hard work and _______ I eventually became a koala specialist, which saw me working in China, where I _______ in koala-breeding programs.

My son, Jett, always been with koalas and comes out _______ them with me. But we’ve both become concerned over the __________ of our beloved koalas. I knew the best way to stop them from dying out was to __________ the young like my son because the future really is theirs. So I wrote a children’s book, Have You Seen a Tree for Me?, which I hope will help them understand we’ve got to __________ our beloved wildlife.

There are lots of __________ things kids can do to start helping now; Keep dogs and cats locked away from wildlife, plant a tree that will encourage native animals to visit and __________your family to drive slowly in wildlife habitats and areas. That might only sound __________, but if we all do this, it can make a big difference.

1.

A．arms

B．legs

C．clothes

D．gloves

2.

A．curious

B．responsible

C．excited

D．unwilling

3.

A．exchange

B．care

C．lecture

D．power

4.

A．officially

B．properly

C．recently

D．equally

5.

A．wood

B．rubbish

C．leaf

D．water

6.

A．broke down

B．depended on

C．came across

D．concentrated on

7.

A．study

B．confidence

C．debate

D．arrangement

8.

A．checked

B．typed

C．registered

D．joined

9.

A．naming

B．impressing

C．feeding

D．catching

10.

A．health

B．future

C．food

D．return

11.

A．educate

B．understand

C．direct

D．trust

12.

A．control

B．protect

C．hide

D．recognize

13.

A．secret

B．big

C．interesting

D．simple

14.

A．allow

B．force

C．ask

D．train

15.

A．small

B．confusing

C．natural

D．difficult

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dolphins are social and     1     (intelligence) animals. Like the way humans maintain relationships by hugging or giving a handshake, dolphins breathe together at the same time when they come up from the water for air. This kind of act     2     (be) of great importance for creating social connections. But sharing the same air and area also spreads a contagious (传染性的) and deadly disease among dolphins.

Janet Mann researches dolphins at Georgetown University. She and other     3     (scientist) are trying to understand the virus. They     4     (discover) it in the water off the American states of Virginia and Maryland some years ago. It is now spreading to other Atlantic Coast dolphins. There was an outbreak of the virus from 2013 to 2015 in     5     almost 20,000 dolphins died. The number of dolphins     6     (wash) up on the coast from Florida to New York was about 2, 000. Mann explains that the dolphin virus is in the lungs, much like how the COVID virus spreads in humans. When dolphins breathe together at the surface, they share respiratory droplets (飞沫).

Jacob Negrey who is     7     animal virus researcher from the Wake Forest School of Medicine understands the spread of the dolphin virus by     8     (follow) dolphin social activities. He studies not only the biology of the virus, but also how weakened dolphin populations act together. Since dolphins are very playful animals, they often swim so close that they touch fins, much     9     humans holding hands. They     10     (frequent) swim in large groups.

7 . Margot doesn’t have a garbage can. It doesn’t need one because Margot simply doesn’t cause anything to get thrown away. The restaurant doesn’t allow any type of single use plastic. Margot, which opened last year, is one of the small but growing restaurants around the world aiming to avoid not only food leftovers, but also any garbage.

“Food waste has been increasing as an issue for restaurants over the last 10 years,” says Calvin Brown. He runs the Sustainable Restaurant Association. Based in the United Kingdom, the organization helps food business become more environmentally responsible. He says that food waste contributes to releasing the greenhouse gas, so there is strong motivation to reduce waste and help the environment.

In the USA, food waste and packing account for nearly half of the material sent to landfills. Restaurants from McDonald’s to Starbucks are addressing this issue with “no straw Mondays” and limits on single-serving plastic, but a handful of restaurateurs are trying to get rid of rubbish entirely. There’s also economic case to be made for waste reduction. One study shows that restaurants save seven dollars for every dollar invested in anti- waste methods.

Avoiding food waste is the first and perhaps most obvious challenge for sustainable restaurants. Doug McMaster, chef at Silo in London, only serves a set menu. This removes the worry that one particular item won’t sell well, and will spoil in the refrigerator. Compost (堆肥) is a necessity as well. Nolla (meaning “zero” in Finnish) in Helsinki, Finland is giving compost to its suppliers as well as its diners. Nolla also has food- tracking software more commonly used among corporate food service companies to keep track of what sells and what rots.

Sometimes restaurants call themselves environmentally friendly, but they might just be using the label. Calvin offers some pointers on what to look for to make sure a restaurant is truly committed to sustainability.

1. What does Margot feature?

A．Its large size.	B．Its opening hours.
C．Its zero-waste goal.	D．Its plastic garbage cans.

2. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．Ways of packaging food.

B．The issue of investing in services.

C．The importance of environmental protection.

D．Efforts of some restaurants to reduce rubbish,

3. Which of the following does Nolla try to do?

A．Only serve a set menu.

B．Hardly use refrigerators.

C．Supply compost to its customers.

D．Keep track of diners’ preferences.

4. What does Calvin think restaurants should do?

A．Expand food business.

B．Use eco-friendly labels.

C．Save money on dealing with kitchen garbage.

D．Contribute to sustainable development of the food industry.

8 . Forests might be the best tool humans have to fight climate change. Plants naturally absorb CO₂ and release oxygen as part of photosynthesis (光合作用), but trees can process a lot more because of the size of their trunks, green leafy crown, and root structures. This filtering (过滤) and storage capacity is part of the United Nations’ Great Green Wall plan to plant an 8,000 km (5,000 mile) long tree belt across the African continent.

More recent projects like Trillion Trees, the World Economic Forum’s 1T, and the UN’s follow-up Great Green Wall for Cities highlight forest regeneration as the most effective nature-based solution for CO₂. For example, the Great Green Wall for Cities project would create urban green areas. Once completed, the wall will capture an estimated 0.5~5 billion tons of CO₂ every year. And, if well managed, its urban forests could also reduce air temperature, lower flood risk, and improve air quality.

City trees are actually sucking more CO₂ out of the atmosphere than that was thought. Now Boston University studies show that forest edges grow almost twice as quickly and store carbon faster than trees deep inside the forest. Projects influenced by botanist Akira Miyawaki are now creating tiny community forests across the planet. Miyawaki's micro-forests are much denser (稠密) than traditional woods. They store 30 times more CO₂ than common forests and offer 30 times better noise and dust reduction, say his followers.

Dave Nowak is a researcher at the US Forest Service who has studied using trees to reduce carbon for years. Trees not only cool their surroundings, they also recycle tiny pollutants. But figuring out which exact species work best to improve air quality depends on many factors including soil, local climate, and site conditions, says Nowak. Urban planners can start by using the US Forest Service iTree Tools to choose the best trees for each locality. Another tool, American Forests’ Tree Equity Score Analyzer, helps planners to target urban forests in disadvantaged areas.

1. What will happen based on Great Green Wall?

A．More rare plants will be grown.

B．A long tree belt will appear across Africa

C．Better tools will be used to battle climate change.

D．More projects will work together to reduce air temperature.

2. What is highlighted by Great Green Wall as the best nature-based way to reduce CO₂?

A．Cleaning the air.	B．Developing new tools.
C．Forest regeneration.	D．Air temperature control.

3. How do Miyawaki’s supporters find his micro-forests?

A．Effective.

B．Costly.

C．Helpless.

D．Questionable.

4. Which is the best title for the text?

A．Great Green Wall Will Make Long Tree Belts

B．Planting More Trees Will Reduce Air Pollutants

C．Researchers Are Studying Climate Change Further

D．Forest Projects Will Help Rebalance Earth’s Climate

9 . It was a stormy March morning in 2019 off Australia’s Western Coast, when whale researcher John Totterdell and his students caught sight of the chase in the water. The scene was a mess. The first thing they spotted was about twenty black and white shapes in the water—a group of killer whales surrounding something. From the boat, all Totterdell could make out was a much larger gray blue animal at the center.

Within seconds they realized a pack of killer whales were attacking a blue whale. The whale was about 70 feet long and it was fighting back. But the killer whales, which were only about a third as big, were making coordinated(联合的) attacks and working together to kill their target. It went on for hours and eventually, the blue whale got weaker.

Sensing their opportunity, two killer whales leapt on top of the blue whale, forcing it under the water until it eventually drowned. While killer whales were known to attack blue whales, the team of researchers were the first to ever document a successful attack. They published their findings in the journal Marine Mammal Science. Their work definitely shows that killer whales, which actually belong to the dolphin family, are the top hunter in the ocean. They are so fierce(凶猛的) that even great white sharks seem to be scared of them.

According to researchers who had marked white sharks with a tracking device off the coast of California, just the presence of a group of killer whales drove away the sharks for months. Also in their favor is the close nature of killer whales' families. The group is led by a matriarch(女家长) and once they have a skill, they pass it along from one generation to the next within their family group. So, with each successful strike against a blue whale, they are relearning and expanding their culture.

1. What did John Totterdell and his students find in the water?

A．A big storm that was forming.

B．A boat surrounded by some whales.

C．The water forming different shapes.

D．A hunting between different sea animals.

2. Which word can be used to describe the killer whales?

A．Stupid.

B．Cooperative.

C．Hopeless.

D．Tiring.

3. How did John Totterdell and his students deal with what they saw in the water?

A．They made a record of it.	B．They drowned the blue whale.
C．They drove away the killer whales.	D．They created Marine Mammal Science.

4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Killer whales are never scared of sharks.

B．The arrival of the researchers drove away the sharks.

C．Female killer whales are always much fiercer than male ones.

D．Killer whales’ hunting skills are probably better than their ancestors’.

10 . Reilly, my daughter’s dog, enjoys running about in the huge backyard all day. Despite his _________ lifestyle, Reilly is a bit overweight. That’s because Reilly is always hungry and he always _________ watches us eat anything.

Sometimes, he will hold his bowl in his mouth, _________ that someone will put dog treats in it. Then he will drop the bowl on the floor so that the treats jump out, and he goes at them fast like lightning. He loves this _________ ! If we’re preparing dinner and ignoring him, he carries his bowl to the _________ and drops it with a loud noise. He hopes to draw our attention and reminds us Reilly’s _________.

One day, Reilly _________, and my daughter Erin didn’t know where he went. He isn’t _________ to leave our home alone, and usually he doesn’t. Erin was _________ and walked to neighbors’ homes to __________ him. No Reilly.

Some time later, the big dog was back and not __________. In his huge mouth was a piece of delicious cooked beef, still __________. Whose dinner was this and where did he get it? __________ seemed to know a thing about it. Only one big yellow dog knew, but he wasn’t __________. To this day, not a single neighbor has reported the theft. It’s still a __________.

1.

A．peaceful

B．active

C．simple

D．boring

2.

A．thankfully

B．amazedly

C．fixedly

D．nervously

3.

A．proving

B．hoping

C．promising

D．admitting

4.

A．work

B．rule

C．choice

D．game

5.

A．kitchen

B．yard

C．street

D．park

6.

A．hungry

B．angry

C．lonely

D．thirsty

7.

A．hid

B．disappeared

C．suffered

D．changed

8.

A．required

B．guided

C．allowed

D．inspired

9.

A．curious

B．awkward

C．careless

D．worried

10.

A．respond to

B．care for

C．turn to

D．look for

11.

A．kind-hearted

B．simple-minded

C．cold-blooded

D．empty-handed

12.

A．dirty

B．smelly

C．warm

D．expensive

13.

A．Anybody

B．Everybody

C．Nobody

D．Somebody

14.

A．talking

B．singing

C．shouting

D．arguing

15.

A．deal

B．mystery

C．danger

D．reminder