A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.
P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.
The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.
The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.
1. are expected to have severe water problems by the year 2025.
A.46 countries | B.18 countries |
C.28 countries | D.No countries |
A.Lack of water may cause conflict between countries |
B.New industries need a lot of water |
C.There are solutions to the water problem |
D.Egypt now has enough fresh water |
A.There is connection between providing clean water and slowing population growth |
B.Lack of water may also result from international conflict |
C.The ability of developing has nothing to do with lack of water |
D.It is not known whether diseases have something to do with lack of water |
A.World Conflict | B.World Water Shortage |
C.Diseases and Water | D.Population and Water |
Since fuel, oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.
Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.
A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.
The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.
1. If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?
A.Sand. | B.Water. | C.A blanket. | D.An extinguisher. |
A.cutting off the oxygen | B.reducing the heat |
C.removing the fuel | D.separating the fire |
A.when it breaks out | B.what kind it is |
C.how it comes about | D.where it takes place |
A.Another type of extinguishers. |
B.Another class of fires. |
C.How fires break out. |
D.How fires can be prevented. |
3 . Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit
While there are
Chinese cities will need to put efforts to clear up the sky when a new department to improve regional air quality is set up by 2015,according to the latest plan released by the State Council.
Besides the existing pollution control program for CO2,regional emission caps(区域排放上限) for other certain chemicals will be established in the three key air polluting areas—the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei region. Coal-consumption caps will also be tried out in some areas,according to the plan.
The plan is aimed at dealing with regional air pollution—such as acid rain and smog—which have become increasingly obvious in China in recent years and caused a severe threat to people’s health,Zhang Lijun,viceminister of environmental protection,said in an interview on Monday.
The air quality in a city affects the areas nearby because pollutants can travel in the sky,said Chai Fahe,vice-director of Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.
“So efforts to reduce air pollution in a single city,targeting a certain pollutant(污染物) will not be enough,” Chai said.
Zhang said the country’s major industrial districts—the Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region—have recorded more than 100 misty days annually in recent years.
These three regions,home to at least 200 million people,occupy only 6.3 percent of the country’s area but consume 40 percent of the country’s coal and produce half of its steel,according to official figures.
Studies also show that the visibility(能见度) in eastern regions of China has dropped by 7 to 15 km compared to that in the early 1960s,as a result of air pollution.
Liaoning province,the Shandong Peninsula,Wuhan in Hubei province and its surrounding area,the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region in Hunan province,the Chengdu-Chongqing region,and the western coast of the Taiwan Straits are also listed as areas to carry out such regional air pollution control programs,according to the plan.
The new plan also requires an improved air quality system,which will measure the pollution levels. “The current system,which only measures some major pollutants,cannot reflect the_truepicture.” said Chai.
1. It will not be enough to reduce air pollution in a single city because ________.
A.air pollution has been becoming more and more serious in recent years |
B.air pollution like acid rain and smog is threatening people’s health |
C.air pollutants in a city can travel in the sky and affect nearby areas |
D.air pollutants stay in fixed places over the cities |
A.123 to 115 km | B.137 to 145 km |
C.123 to 145 km | D.115 to 137 km |
A.to inform readers of the damage caused by air pollution |
B.to introduce the new plan to control air pollution |
C.to provide official figures of air pollution levels |
D.to point out the regions affected by air pollution |
A.The major pollutants. |
B.The key polluted areas. |
C.The major polluted cities. |
D.The pollution levels. |
Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy. However they sing most of the time for a very different reason. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.
Do you know what a territory is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own. Only he and his family are welcome there. No other families of the same species are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.
If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting(筑巢) season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.
Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.
You can see that birds have a language of their own. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.
1. Some scientists believe that most of the time bird’s singing is actually ________.
A.an expression of happiness | B.a way of warning |
C.an expression of anger | D.a way of greeting |
A.A place where families of other species are not accepted. |
B.A place where a bird may shout at the top of its voice. |
C.An area for which birds fight against each other. |
D.An area which a bird considers to be its own. |
A.Because they want to invite more friends. |
B.Because their singing helps frighten outsiders away. |
C.Because they want to find outsiders around. |
D.Because their singing helps get rid of their fears. |
A.By comparing birds with human beings. |
B.By reporting experiment results. |
C.By describing birds’ daily life. |
D.By telling a bird’s story. |