Stephanie Jenouvrier at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found the future of emperor penguins (帝企鹅)depended on international efforts to manage climate change rather than on their
Disappearing sea ice affects these penguins
2 . Denmark is only about half the size of South Carolina, but it produces more of its electricity from wind than any other country in the world. That's not because it's a country with particularly strong wind; it has pretty ordinary wind speeds. The reason why the Danes now get 47% of their electricity from wind, with more to come, comes down to a combination of history and policy.
First, the history: Paul la Cour was a scientist and inventor who experimented with and built early wind power machines at the start of the 20th century. So it's not surprising that Denmark spent money building wind power plants early, beginning at a national level in the 1970s. In the 1980s, because of a strong movement against nuclear （原子核的）power plants, Denmark increased production before many other countries were even considering it.
Denmark has also had important government support for wind-energy projects, as well as support from the country 's technology-focused universities. Even back in 2002, the country was taking climate change warnings seriously, successfully cutting greenhouse gas emissions （排放）by 20%.
Some of the world's largest companies—including Vestas, which builds turbines （(涡轮）， and Orsted, which specializes in offshore wind projects—are Danish. European countries are global leaders in using wind power but Denmark is far in front of its nearest competitor Ireland, which sourced 28% of its power from wind in 2018 according to industry group Wind Europe.
At the end of 2019, lawmakers in Denmark set a new goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 70% by 2030 and increase the share of electricity sourced from renewable power to 100%.
1. What do we know about Denmark from Paragraph 1?| A．It produces more than half of its electricity from wind. |
| B．It makes the most of its wind to produce electricity . |
| C．It is the most environmentally friendly country. |
| D．It is a country with rich wind resources. |
| A．Denmark started making use of wind power very early . |
| B．Paul la Cour built wind power plants in the whole country. |
| C．Nuclear power plants produce most electricity in Denmark. |
| D．Denmark taught other countries to build wind power plants. |
| A．has an influential role on the world stage |
| B．has many technology-focused companies |
| C．is the head office of many large companies |
| D．is the world's leading wind power country |
| A．History. | B．Lifestyle. | C．Environment. | D．Society. |
3 . Honey (蜂蜜) from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest (巢) and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper—a little bird called a honey guide.
The honey guide does not actually like honey, but it does like the wax (蜂蜡) in the beehives (蜂房). The little bird cannot reach this wax, which is deep inside the bees’ nest. So, when it finds a suitable nest, it looks for someone to help it. The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people. Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches. Some of the honey, and the wax, always falls to the ground, and this is when the honey guide takes its share.
Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
1. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees’ nest?| A．It’s small in size. | B．It’s covered with wax. |
| C．It’s hidden in trees. | D．It’s hard to recognize. |
| A．A honey seeker. | B．A bird. | C．A bee. | D．A beekeeper. |
| A．it gets its food | B．it goes to church |
| C．it sings in the forest | D．it reaches into bees’ nests |
| A．Wild Bees | B．Wax and Honey |
| C．Beekeeping in Africa | D．Honey-Lover’s Helper |
4 . On an afternoon in 2014 in Denmark, Decan Andersen saw a baby red squirrel fall from his apartment building and land in the middle of his garden, injured and bleeding. Although concerned, Andersen left the squirrel alone and went inside, thinking that the mother would come and rescue him.
But when that didn’t happen, the 37-year-old former television salesman knew what he had to do. He brought the furry baby back and got in touch with wildlife officials for advice. And while he was on the phone, a strange thing happened: His cat Coco’s motherly instincts took hold, washing him with his tongue and warming him up. Later, after a veterinarian (兽医) had dressed the squirrel’s wounds, Andersen made his new housemate some tiny sweaters and socks to prevent him from scratching his wounds.
Then Tintin---named after the movie his children were watching, “The Adventure of Tintin”---got so used to his cozy home life during his convalescence that the family soon realized they couldn’t release him back into the wild, especially since he now had no fear of cats! Feeding him kitten milk from a bottle until Tintin grew strong enough to crack nuts on his own, Andersen received special permission from Danish Wildlife Preservation officials to keep the red squirrel, since they are considered endangered in Denmark and several other countries.
Using a little harness(甲胄) and leash(安全绳) to protect Tintin from the dogs, eagles and cats that weren’t as tolerant of squirrels as Coco, Andersen began taking his little pet everywhere he went, documenting their adventures on Facebook and Instagram, where they now have almost 40, 0000 followers.
“With so much negativity in the world, I thought it could help lift people up,” Andersen said. “Most people who meet us feel amazed and want to know more. He makes people forget about their troubles for a moment so they can laugh and smile. He’s certainly brought light and enjoyment to me and my family. We have a special bond and are pretty much together, 24/7. ”
1. How did Andersen respond to the injured squirrel at first?| A．He left it as it was |
| B．He called wildlife officials |
| C．He went to rescue it right away |
| D．He hid himself in his apartment |
| A．Immigration | B．Catastrophe |
| C．Recovery | D．Survival |
| A．They are uncommon in Denmark |
| B．It is generally forbidden to keep them |
| C．It is hard for them to coexist with humans |
| D．They can keep on good terms with wildcats |
| A．It is annoying | B．It is discouraging |
| C．It is solid | D．It is uplifting |
5 . Every year, little black-and-white birds called pied flycatchers(斑姬鹟) travel from sub-Saharan Africa to northern Europe to feast on caterpillars (毛毛虫), claim a nest, and have babies. And they fly back a few months later. But recently, some flycatchers have arrived only to find their nesting sites occupied by great tits (大山雀). And those birds don’t just chase flycatchers away—they attack them, kill them, and eat their brains.
Great tits live in European forests all year round. Flycatchers are regular vacationers. Since the 1980s, flycatchers’ reproductive season has been inching up earlier in the month of April. Warm spring temperatures have caused caterpillar populations to boom. To adapt to that, flycatchers arrive a bit earlier, too. That won’t be too big a problem. But now, tits delay their breeding period a bit in April, so they overlap with the flycatchers, and violence begins.
Moreover, there’s limited nesting space in many of these birds’ favorite forests—the trees can be quite young and have very few tree holes where birds can nest. Volunteers and academics have placed nestboxes to help. But with climate change, birds’ breeding schedules getting closer, there aren’t enough nestboxes to go around. Unfriendly hosts—the tits, eat their brains.
“Great tits are superior competitors when it comes down to a fight, ” said Jelmer Samplonius, lead author of a study. “People see it as a cute garden bird, but some of them have a real anger management problem. ” Luckily, the murdered birds were often surplus males that arrive late. The deaths haven’t had a big impact on the population because those late males probably won’t have had babies anyway. But there’s always the chance that it could get worse.
“Whatever the flycatcher population’s future may hold, ” Samplonius said, “this is a good example of why it’s essential to study how climate change can shift animals’ schedules, often with deadly consequences. Understanding different responses to changing environments will be an important part of species assessments in coming years.”
1. What has happened to pied flycatchers recently?| A．They couldn’t get enough food. |
| B．Their nesting sites were destroyed. |
| C．Their babies have become less likely to survive. |
| D．Their lives have been threatened by another kind of birds. |
| A．The change in migration of flycatchers. | B．The delay of flycatchers’ reproductive season, |
| C．The reduction of both birds’ favorite forests. | D．The two birds’ sharing the same food. |
| A．Ugly. | B．Smart. | C．Aggressive. | D．Lazy. |
| A．A terrible bird murder | B．Birds’ struggle to hunt |
| C．Birds’ influence on climate change | D．The future of mixed species communities |
6 . ''They're made out of meat. ''
''Meat? ''
''There's no doubt about it. We picked up several from different parts of the planet, took them aboard our craft, and probed them all the way through. They're completely meat.''
''That's impossible. What about the radio signals? The message to the stars? ''
''They used the radio waves to talk, but the signals don't come from them. The signals come from machines. ''
''So who made the machines? That's who we want to contact. ''
''They made the machines. That's what I'm trying to tell you. Meat made the machines. ''
''That's ridiculous. How can meat make a machine? Maybe they're like the Orfolei. You know, a carbon - based intelligence that goes through a meat stage. ''
''No. They're born meat and they die meat. We studied them for several of their life spans, which didn't take long. Do you have any idea what's the life span of meat? ''
''Spare me. Okay, maybe they're only part meat. You know, like the Weddilei. A meat head with an electron plasma(电浆) brain inside. ''
''No. We thought of that, since they do have meat heads, like the Weddilei. But I told you, we probed them. They're meat all the way through. ''
''No brain? So. . . what does the thinking? ''
''You're not understanding, are you? You're refusing to deal with what I'm telling you. The brain does the thinking. The meat. ''
''Oh, my! So what does this meat have in mind? ''
''First it wants to talk to us. Then I imagine it wants to explore the Universe, contact other creatures, exchange ideas and information. The usual. ''
''We're supposed to talk to meat! ? ''
''That's the idea. That's the message they're sending out by radio. 'Hello. Anyone out there? Anybody home? ' That sort of thing. ''
''They actually do talk, then. They use words, ideas, concepts? ''
''They do, but what do you think is on the radio? Meat sounds. They can even sing by forcing out air through their meat. ''
1. The ''meat'' probably refers to _________.| A．human beings on Earth |
| B．creatures on Earth |
| C．the Orfolei |
| D．the Weddilei |
| A．know the species of human beings a long time ago |
| B．be quite different from human beings in species |
| C．be made put of electrons |
| D．be made out of metals |
| A．humorous | B．serious |
| C．objective | D．surprising |
| A．are the pioneer to adventure in the universe |
| B．as a species are the same as other creatures |
| C．as a species are inferior to the two beings who are talking |
| D．are looked at from a new point of view |
7 . Though plastic shopping bags are cheap and useful, they cause widespread pollution. Now, we may have an unlikely helper to help clean up our garbage — a small wax worm.
The worm’s hidden skills were discovered by accident. About two years ago, Federica Bertocchini, a developmental biologist at the Spanish National Research Council and an amateur beekeeper, was cleaning out bees’ nest that had been filled with worms. She removed the worms and put them in a plastic bag while doing the cleaning. After finishing, she went back to the room where she had left the worms, and found they had escaped from the bag. When she checked, she saw that the bag was full of holes.
Realizing she may have made an important discovery, Bertocchini teamed up with other researchers to conduct further research. They began by placing 100 worms on some plastic bags and discovered that over a 24-hour period, the worms managed to chew through 92 milligrams of plastic. The researchers make an appropriate judgment that at this rate, the group of worms could degrade (降解) an average-sized 5.5-gram plastic bag within a month. To rule out the possibility that chewing was causing the degradation, the researchers spread the soft wet substance inside the body of some recently dead worms on a sheet of plastic. Sure enough, even the liquid was able to eat through the material, confirming that the worms have plastic-digesting enzymes (酶).
While the news is certainly encouraging, not everyone is convinced. The Michigan State University’s Ramani Narayan believes the tiny pieces of microplastics released by the plastic-eating worms would pick up harmful substances and transport them up the food chain, causing, even more, harm to the environment and human health. Susan Selke, director of Michigan State University School of Packaging, is concerned that the worms will not be able to survive in an oxygen-free landfills where large amounts of waste material are buried under the earth.
However, Bertocchini is not planning to transport worm armies to landfills. Instead, the researcher wants to identify the enzyme that helps degrade the plastic. The researcher says, maybe we can find the molecule (分子) and produce it on an industrial level, rather than using a million worms in a plastic bag.
1. What did the experiment of using dead worms find out?| A．Worms’ chewing may cause the degradation. |
| B．A plastic-eating chemical exists in wax worms. |
| C．Dead worms are effective in dealing with plastic. |
| D．It takes a long time for worms to degrade plastic. |
| A．Objective | B．Convinced | C．Questioning. | D．Optimistic. |
| A．The structure of plastic-degrading enzymes. |
| B．The use of other worms in disposing plastic. |
| C．Wax worms’ adaptability to the landfill environment. |
| D．The chance of producing wax worms on a large scale. |
| A．Can wax worms save the environment? |
| B．Wax worms have an appetite for plastic. |
| C．Why do wax worms have plastic-eating skills? |
| D．Hungry worms join the fight against plastic pollution |
8 . Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $ 300 million and forestry program, at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset (碳补偿)plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon, including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain, and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.
The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell, as well as a way to meet its climate targets. “We believe that over time we will be building a business, because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited," they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint (碳排放)by 2-3 percent in five years, which includes emissions (排放)from the products it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects, then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products, or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.
Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However, the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics, as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. Shell's move has also been criticized by some environmentalists. They worried that there was a risk of " greenwash when companies invested in forestry projects. "There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not," they said, pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation (滥伐森林)to another.
Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis, head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas, said, " Planting trees to offset emissions, as far as it goes, is a step in the right direction."
1. What is popular among oil companies these days?| A．Studying climate changes. |
| B．Launching forestry programs. |
| C．Working out carbon offset plans. |
| D．Attracting motorists to buy their petrol. |
| A．By quitting the emissions of its products. |
| B．By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter. |
| C．By limiting the oil used by its own operations. |
| D．By putting carbon credits it produces on the market. |
| A．The projects can't really stop carbon emissions. |
| B．The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries. |
| C．The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests. |
| D．The projects haven't met strict biodiversity requirements. |
| A．Discount. | B．Cheat. |
| C．Decline. | D．Change. |
9 . How to Let Go of the World and Love All the Things Climate Can’t Change is the latest movie from filmmaker and climate activist Josh Fox. The movie is the third film in a three-part series about climate change.
In 2010, Fox’s documentary Gasland explored the hotly debated process of removing natural gas from the ground. He examined the subject again in Gasland II. Fox was against traditional fossil fuels(矿物燃料) and in support of renewable energy. In his third film, Fox says pollution from fossil fuels must be reduced. Without limits, there will be more extreme weather, like dry weather, rising sea levels and lack of food and water. “When you really meet that head on, it causes unbelievable danger.”
Fox notes there are things that climate cannot change. “Those are our value structure and that is what the film starts to explain. We start to really emphasize the things that are inside-courage, love, generosity and creativity. I think those are the centers of what we talk about when we talk about a response to climate change.”
In the new film, Fox travels through a sunless forest in the Amazon with local activists to measure oil spills. He goes to a village in Ecuador to learn how people there stopped a pipeline from being built. He joins young people in Australia to stop ships from entering the port of Newcastle.
“You should probably know the negative part of what we’re about to do. This is the short list: drowning, arrest, being run over by boats, being carried away in water into the Pacific Ocean, cultural disrespect and big waves.”
Also in the film, Fox talks to Ella Zhou, an energy expert. She explained the importance of what she calls“moral(道德) imagination”. “I think that it forces us to get out of our box of thinking about, for example, what is being successful. It allows us to have a moral value about what we want as a person. What do we want to do for the world and for ourselves? ”
1. What does the underlined word “that” refer to?| A．The extreme weather. | B．The lack of food and water. |
| C．The pollution from fossil fuels. | D．The support for renewable energy. |
| A．The centers of our value structure. |
| B．The correct response to climate change. |
| C．The terrible effects climate change causes. |
| D．The process of removing natural gas from the ground. |
| A．To call on people to join him. |
| B．To express his love for adventure. |
| C．To prove that filming is a difficult career. |
| D．To stress the difficulties they met as climate activists. |
| A．It tells us the way to success. | B．It makes us creative in thinking. |
| C．It encourages us to realize our dreams. | D．It helps us find the true meaning of life. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出改正后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My family took an amazed trip to the northwest last summer. At the first ,we flew to Lanzhou but then visited the famous Iron Bridge there.We also tasted Lanzhou beef noodles, which were the most delicious noodles I had never had. Two days late， we went to the Mogao caves on the Silk Road. That impressed me most was the fantastic wall paintings. Finally，we reach our final destination，the Qinghai Lake，surrounded by mountains. The scenery was unbelievable beautiful. We found volunteers collecting rubbishes along the bank and we joined them too. Only then I realize we could make a difference to our environment.
