1 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

One day in 1964, my mother came home from work and announced that she had found a pet for the family. My sister asked what it was. My mother said it was a poodle dog named Pepe.

I couldn’t believe my sister wanted a poodle dog — especially one with such a strange name. But she had made up her mind.

Pepe arrived the next night, his short tail bobbing (摆动) happily. I remained distant, thinking poodles should have stayed in France. My sister played with him until bedtime, and he begged for more attention. I ignored him.

He was a skilled digger, so our backyard fence wouldn’t hold him. We tied him; he pulled out of his collar (颈圈). We drove stakes (木桩) into the ground; he dug them up. We put a harness on him, staked the ground and tied him to the laundry pole; he was still waiting for me at the front door at the end of the day, smiling happily.

Every day, he asked me with his eyes to play with him or take him somewhere. At night, he would wait until I fell asleep, leave his bed by the wall heater and jump onto the end of my bed.

One night, I was in a half dream state. Suddenly, my throat and my eyes hurt, and some animal was whining (哀鸣) in my ear. I opened my eyes and saw fog in my room. I wondered who left the window open. Pepe whined and nibbled (咬) on my blouse. Then I woke up and realized that it wasn’t fog in my room — it was smoke.

I couldn’t breathe standing up, so I got down on the floor and crawled (爬行) beneath the smoke. Pepe followed my every move, his curly-haired stomach struggling on the ground. If I hadn’t been so scared, I would have laughed.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

We finally arrived in the kitchen, where the smoke was very thick.

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I turned off the burner (炉子) and crawled to open the back door.

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2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

We moved to our new place, and everything was new and unfamiliar. I didn’t have new friends, so most of the time when I was free at home, I stayed with Socky, my cat and friend. One morning in winter, it was very cold outside and people mainly stayed indoors to keep warm. Before going off to my high school in Ouyen, Victoria, I called our pregnant(怀孕的) cat to be fed, but she didn’t come. I thought she’d probably found somewhere to have her kittens and would turn up later. But she didn’t.

When Socky still didn’t come at dinnertime, I anxiously asked my mum, “Where is Socky?” But she didn’t know either. The next day, Socky still didn’t appear and I really started to worry. Socky had kept me company for years, and she was just like my family member.

Socky had given birth to some lovely kittens before. She had a habit of having her kittens in strange places, so first I checked all her hidey-holes where she used to stay but she wasn’t in any of them. I became extremely anxious. What could have happened? “Where are you, dear Socky?” Having waited for hours again, I couldn’t sit still. The next day was Saturday and I had the whole day to search for her. Thinking over all the possible places where she could shelter herself, I rechecked under the house, then in the garage under and behind old books, every place I could think of, but still no Socky.

After lunch I took some food scraps(剩饭) with me in case I found her, then began searching the back shed, which was huge and filled with cardboard boxes full of junk and empty tea-chests(茶叶箱). After about an hour of moving cardboard boxes from one place to another and back again, I was tired out. I sat down on an upturned tea-chest to have a rest when I heard faint mewing(喵). I put my head up against each of the tea-chests, pressing my ear against the plywood(夹板) so I could catch the faint sounds. I had to move each one carefully before I could look inside.

注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Finally, I found Socky and her three tiny kittens.

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Socky was very pleased to see me and purred(发出呼噜声) as loudly as she could.

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3 . Climate change is not only a human problem; animals have to adapt to it as well. Some “warm-blooded” animals are shapeshifting (变形) and getting larger legs, ears, and beak s to better control their body temperatures as the planet gets hotter. Bird researcher Sara Ryding of Deakin University in Australia describes these changes in a review.

“It’s high time we recognized that animals also have to adapt to these changes, and this is occurring over a far shorter time than would have occurred through most of evolutionary time,” says Ryding. “The climate change that we have created is putting a lot of pressure on them, and while some species will adapt, others will not.”

Ryding notes that climate change is a complex phenomenon that’s been occurring gradually, so it’s difficult to determine just one cause of the shapeshifting. But these changes have been occurring across wide geographical regions and among a variety of species, so there is little in common apart from climate change.

Strong shapeshifting has particularly been reported in birds. Several species of Australian parrot have shown, on average, a 4% to 10% increase in size since 1871, and this is positively associated with the summer temperature each year. North American dark-eyed juncos, a type of small songbird, had a link between increased size and short-term temperature extremes in cold environments. There have also been reported changes in mammalian (哺乳动物) species. Researchers have reported tail length increases in wood mice. “The increases in appendage (附肢) size we see so far are quite small — less than 10% — so the changes are unlikely to be immediately noticeable,” says Ryding. “However, prominent (突起的) appendages such as ears are predicted to increase.”

Next, Ryding intends to investigate shapeshifting in Australian birds by 3D scanning museum bird samples from the past 100 years. Undoubtedly, it will give her team a better understanding of which birds are changing appendage size due to climate change and why.

1. What is the purpose of paragraph 1?

A．To introduce a bird researcher.	B．To present a shapeshifting phenomenon.
C．To explain the cause of climate change.	D．To state the terrible influence of climate change.

2. What can be inferred about animals’ shapeshifting from paragraphs 2 and 3?

A．It is slower than their evolution.	B．It’s impossible to determine its cause.
C．It is a global phenomenon beyond species.	D．Climate change is its potential cause.

3. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?

A．The examples of shapeshifting.	B．The effects of shapeshifting.
C．The explanations of shapeshifting.	D．The history of shapeshifting.

4. Which of the following will Ryding’s next study focus on?

A．The speed of shapeshifting.	B．The cause of climate change.
C．The samples of Australian birds.	D．The understanding of bird history.

4 . Some 15 years ago, in the beautiful Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, an organic (有机的) farmer separate his cows among two fields, one of which was near the beach. Overtime, Joe Dorgan noticed that his cows by the ocean were in better shape than other cows. They were producing more milk, had fewer diseases and were highly reproductive. They seemed to be all-around happier animals.

The only difference he could see between the two kinds was that the happier ones could reach the beach and were eating seaweed. So Dorgan carried seaweed across the road for his land-locked cows to see if it would make a difference. Before long, those cows were catching up with their seaside ones. He then sold his farm to start a new company, North Atlantic Organics, selling organic sea plant products to local farmers.

He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.

One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet.

On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (温室) gas as one car. About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of methane from animals when digesting (消化) the food. With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows. What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.

It was a moment of light, and a global search for an even more efficient (高效的) seaweed began. The potential for the seaweed to reduce the world’ s greenhouse gas output is great, and the hope is that cows will be feeding on Future Feed — the commercial product developed by CSIRO, Meat and Livestock Australia, and James Cook University — by the end of 2022.

1. Why is the story of Joe Dorgan and his cows mentioned?

A．To raise a doubt.	B．To lead to the topic.
C．To praise a farmer.	D．To respond to the problem.

2. What does the underlined word “methane” refer to in Paragraph 5?

A．A dangerous food harmful to the animals.

B．A dangerous food harmful to the humans.

C．A kind of chemical harmful to the food.

D．A kind of chemical harmful to the environment.

3. What’ s the most important finding of Rob Kinley’ s research?

A．One cow can be as bad as one car for the environment.

B．Animals give off more greenhouse gases than expected.

C．Seaweed-eating cows are friendlier to the environment.

D．Non-seaweed-eating cows give off 18% lower greenhouse gas.

4. What’ s the best title for the text?

A．A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change

B．An Unusually Smart Farmer in the Fight against Global Greenhouse Gas

C．The Specially Efficient Seaweed in the Fight for More Milk from the Cows

D．The World-changing Research in the Fight for More Commercial Future Feed

6 . Avoid the supermarket shelves piled with cheese, cupcakes and pies. That is the message of an analysis that found these items are the worst when looking at both nutritional and environmental impacts of thousands of food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. So far, most studies have focused on the environmental impact of goods such as beef or beans, rather than tofu and other products that shoppers often buy. Where research has focused on such products, it has usually been for a small number of them.

In a bid to bridge the gap, Micheal Clark at the University of Oxford and his colleagues analyzed more than 57,000 food and drink products sold in the UK and Ireland. The team took the ingredients (成份) data from eight retailers (零售商), including major supermarkets Tesco and Sainsbury’s. However, precise figures on how much of each ingredient is in each product were only available for around a tenth of them. To estimate the rest, Clark and his colleagues trained an algorithm (算法) on the known products and used it to predict the composition of the unknown ones. Finally, the team linked all the ingredients to an existing database of environmental impacts, including emissions (排放), land use and water stress.

The results may come as no surprise: meat, fish and cheese products had highest environmental impact while fruit, vegetables, bread and sugary drink products had the lowest burden. Clark admits that none of this is exciting, given what we already knew from past research. “What is important is that you can start getting these impact estimates for products that people are purchasing, which then has a lot of effects,” he says.

One of those is eco-lables, which can help consumers to make greener choices. However, retailers have struggled in the past with the challenge of the large number of food. Clark is thinking about how to eventually turn the data into an app that could be used either by shoppers or by retailers wanting to reduce their environmental impact. “We’ve made that information available in a way that means people can start making informed decisions,” he says.

1. What is the purpose of Clark’s study?

A．To solve the environmental problems with some products.

B．To point out the mistakes of the previous research.

C．To focus on the important ingredients data from retailers.

D．To estimate the environmental impact of frequently-bought products.

2. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A．The process of Clark’s study.	B．The result of Clark’s study.
C．The significance of Clark’s study.	D．The limitation of Clark’s study.

3. What can be inferred about Clark’s study from Paragraph 3?

A．Surprising.

B．Worrying.

C．Meaningful.

D．Doubtful.

4. Which of the following products should people buy according to Clark’s study?

A．Nutritious food like beef and eggs.	B．Green food like carrots and bananas.
C．Healthy food like fish and tofu.	D．Fresh food like milk and chicken

7 . Over the past months, terrible things have occurred around the world: the ground under the German town of Erftstadt is torn apart by flood waters; Lytton in British Columbia is burned from the map just a day after setting an extremely high temperature record; cars float like dead fish through the streets-turned-canals in the Chinese city of Zhengzhou. All the world feels at risk and there seem no safe places to hide. Research has found that all these have something to do with greenhouse-gas emission (排放), which has produced a planet more than 1℃ (1.8°F) warmer than the 18^th century.

With emissions continuing, it will get worse. If temperatures rise by 3℃ in the coming decades, large parts of the tropics (热带地区) risk becoming too hot for outdoor work. Coral reefs and the sea life depending on them will disappear and so will the Amazon rainforest. Severe harvest failures will be common. Ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland will shrink (收缩) past the point of no return, promising sea rises measured not in millimetres, as today’s are, but in metres.

Some cautious adaptations have been put into effect. However, cutting emissions alone is far from enough. it’s also wise to study the most amazing form of adaptation: solar geoengineering.

Research over the past 15 years has suggested that solar geoengineering might significantly reduce some of the harms from greenhouse warming. It seeks to make clouds or particle layers (粒子层) in the atmosphere a bit more mirror-like. reflecting away some sunlight. It cannot provide a straightforward equal and opposite response to greenhouse gas warming; it will tend, for example. to reduce precipitation (降水) more than temperature, potentially changing rainfall patterns to ease the problem of global warming.

1. What does the underlined “these” refer to in Paragraph 1?

A．The severe risks the world is facing.

B．The terrible floods the earth is experiencing.

C．The extreme weather the planet is undergoing.

D．The unsafe places the emission has created.

2. How does the author explain the consequences of the emission in Paragraph 2?

A．By listing examples.	B．By using figures.
C．By asking questions.	D．By making comparisons.

3. What do we know about solar geoengineering?

A．It will change the global temperature patterns.

B．It may cut greenhouse gas emissions significantly.

C．It will provide a direct response to global temperature.

D．It may prevent sunlight from reaching the earth directly.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Global warming—bad news for the world.

B．Cautious Adaptations—good news for the world.

C．Solar Geoengineering—new solutions to global warming.

D．Greenhouse gas emission—familiar problems with global warming.