Compared to dogs, cats are usually believed     1    (be) less friendly to humans. However, a new study shows that cats bond to us just as     2    (strong)as dogs.

Researchers at Oregon State University, in the United States, invited the owners of 117 cats to take a test,     3     is often used to test the bonds dogs have with their human     4    (caretaker).

In the six-minute test, cat owners walked into an unfamiliar room with their pets. After two minutes, the owners left the room,     5    (leave) the cats alone, which caused the cats to feel     6    (stress). When the owners returned two minutes later, about two-thirds of the cats came to greet them. The cats then     7    (go) back looking around the room, but still returned to their owners now and then. These cats, the researchers said, saw their owners    8     a source of security in an unfamiliar place. “The more we find out about cats,     9    more we're seeing that they are     10    (society) creatures,” Kristyn Vitale, lead author of the study, said.

Around       1     earth, there is a thin layer of ozone(臭氧), a kind of gas protecting us from any of the harmful rays of the sun. A few years ago, scientists in the Antarctic became aware     2     holes growing in the ozone layer. As these holes get bigger, harmful rays from the sun are     3     (increasing) reaching us,     4    (cause) crop damage and cancer. This is a big problem in countries near the polar regions, like Australia     5     skin cancer caused in part by ozone depletion (消耗)is now considered a national epidemic(流行病).

Further research into the problem showed that the ozone layer is being destroyed by gases called CFCs. These gases     6     (release) into the atmosphere by the chemicals used in aerosol cans, refrigerators and air conditioners. To help save the ozone layer, many     7     (manufacturer) have stopped producing aerosol cans that use CFCs. They have switched to other less harmful chemicals, and labeled     8     (they) cans “ozone-friendly” or “no CFCs”.

The problem of refrigerators and air conditioners has been more difficult     9     (solve). However, more and more manufacturers are now producing refrigerators and air conditioners     10     do not use CFCs. Therefore, when you go shopping you should choose ozone-friendly products. Then you will be doing something to help the environment.

Monarchs (黑脉金斑蝶) are the only butterflies known to make two-way migrations, as birds do. In the late summer and early fall, the butterflies typically leave southern Canada and northern and central     1     (region) of the United States. They make a dangerous trip to Florida and Mexico,     2     the weather is warmer. In recent years, monarch populations have been dropping dramatically. To help save the monarchy butterfly population, teens in the North Carolina community formed a club. The Monarch Butterfly Club at East Chapel Hill High School     3     (success) applied for land from the town council for the monarchs’     4     (protect). Club members hope that the garden they     5     (create) will be a safe resting place for the monarchs during     6     (they) long migration. The students plan to get more land from the community in the future. This summer, the club held events for the community. Residents of Chapel Hill were able to help club members plant milkweed for     7     young to eat. “We tell people about the club and our goals     8     (raise) awareness,” said member Kevin Guo, 16. “We’re hoping this can make a change     9     cause people to do more for the butterflies. “According to club member Reymond Zhao, also 16, the situation has to     10     (improve) as soon as possible. He has been planting milkweed in his own backyard for the past few years. “In the future, we might get more schools or clubs into this,” he said. “We need all the help we can get.”

Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, is the economic and     1     (culture) center of southwest China. It is linked by rail with all of China's major cities. Its rail link with Hanoi(河内)     2     (establish) in 1901.

Kunming's mild climate makes it a good place     3     (visit) any time of the year.    4     it can be hot and humid in summer, it has cool, dry winters. The climate here is great for flowers, with more than 400 varieties     5     (plant) here. The camellia (山茶花)is the city's official flower. The city is also known for     6     (it) green parks, such as Cuihu (Green Lake) Park with its waterways and winding paths. Younger     7     (travel) may enjoy a visit to Daguan Park because of its food stalls.

In addition to its own charms, Kunming serves as a base from    8     people can explore the culture of ethnic groups in the area. The most well-known are the Dai, Bai and Naxi. People can also visit the Yunnan Stone Forest, which has been known     9     the "first wonder of the world" since the Ming Dynasty. Located 120 km (75 miles) from Kunming, the stone forest     10     (feature) awesome rock formations.

In hundreds of cities around the world, people can use a car     1     actually owning one. It’s known as car sharing.

Car sharing works like this: people pay a fee     2     (join) a car share organization. These organizations have cars available in different parts of a city 24 hours a day. Members make a     3     (reserve) for a car, and then go to one of several parking lots in a city to pick up the car. They pay an hourly or daily rate for driving it. When they are     4     (finish), they return the car to a parking area for someone else to use.

Car sharing works well for several reasons. Some people only need to drive from time to time. Usually, people only need a car for special reasons like moving things or     5     (take) long trips. Many people don’t want the costs or responsibilities of owning     6     car. The car-share organization pays for gas insurance, cleaning and repair costs.

Members also don’t have to wait in line or fill out     7     (form) to get a car. They know a variety of cars will be available when they need one.

Car sharing also     8     (benefit) the environment. People drive only     9     they need to and fewer cars on the road means     10     (little) traffic and air pollution. As more and more cities become interested in reducing traffic, car sharing programs are becoming an effective choice.

According to a new report by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), the deadly heat waves, floods     1     droughts are disturbing the     2     (life) of thousands of people from the American West to southern Europe and central China. And they will be likely only to get     3     (bad) as global temperatures continue to rise. “So far, all regions of the world     4     (affect) by some extremes,” says Sonia Seneviratne, an environmental     5     (science). “We can link extreme weather to climate change in     6     same way we can link cancer to smoking,” says Friederike Otto, one of the report’s authors. And, like smoking, the damage is hard     7     (disappear), Otto says. The most important thing, experts say, is to make sure these events don’t grow even more common and intense     8     they are now. “I feel     9     (strong) that the public needs to know that dangerous climate change is here and now,” says Michael Wehner, an extreme weather researcher. To limit global warming to just 2℃, Wehner says, “It’s my feeling that we would have to do something rather extreme.” Something extreme, he adds, means completely     10     (get) rid of consumption of coal, oil, and natural gas.

The topic of this programme is environmental     1    (protect). We human beings     2    (do) a lot of things at the cost of the environment to develop economy quickly in the past few years. I do think it is time for us to understand     3     importance of protecting the environment and do something about it. Today I would like     4    (introduce) some simple but useful ways that we can follow     5     (easy) in our daily life. Firstly, turn off lights if it is unnecessary. Then, go out     6     environment﹣friendly ways such as by bus, by subway or by bike. We can even walk to work when possible,     7     is really helpful for both of our budget and health. Thirdly, take a cloth bag when we go     8    (shop). Please don't use plastic ones. Of course the public should raise environmental awareness and realize     9     is our duty to protect the environment. Last but not least, the government should make laws to guide people's     10     (behave).

Sanjiangyuan, literally meaning the “source of three rivers”, is home to the headwaters of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers. The pilot national park, with a total area of 123,100 square km     1     (locate) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and harbors more than 70,000 herdsmen. Therefore.     2     is very important to maintain the purity and cleanliness of this area, because it directly affects the water quality in most of China.

For a long time, there were too many local herdsmen and animals     3     (use) the grass in the area and consequently the local lakes were getting smaller.     4     the national park was established, the government has invested a significant amount of money in equipment and training for accurate monitoring of wildlife. For example, the population of snow leopards is an important indicator of ecological health in the area, and as long as     5     number of these animals stays stable, the area is safe and     6     (environmental) healthy. Much of the grassland has been returned to its natural state, and the herdsmen have been helped to move to the local towns and to find new jobs.     7     (encourage) by local government, more and more local people are supported to take part in environmental protection. They have been appointed as conservators in the area, responsible for collecting rubbish or for observing the wildlife.     8     more people working as conservators, the     9     (aware) of environmental protection has gradually become part of their lives. Local officials also have said that their jobs have become a lot     10     (easy) now that the training programmes and government support are in place. Now, in Sanjiangyuan National Park, the mountains have become greener, the water clearer and the sky bluer.