1 . How to save planet earth
Have you ever held a product in your hands and considered the existential weight of your purchase? Beyond each price tag hides a ripple effect. It expands from soil to water ways, grocery aisle to kitchen plates, factories to fulfillment centers and mail slots to landfills. This global impact has become less hidden in the past decade, and ignoring the people downstream from us has grown increasingly difficult.
We’re more aware than ever of the mark our consumption leaves on planet Earth, which now sustains nearly 8 billion people. Somehow, humans are still pumping more than 30 gig a tons of carbon dioxide(CO2)per year into the atmosphere, despite the mountain of evidence that CO2 is the top contributor to greenhouse gases causing global warming.
Climate journalist and author Tatiana Schlossberg says even a simple trip to the supermarket can feel paralyzing in 2021. “I want to buy the local thing, but it’s not organic. Or, maybe it’s in a plastic box,” she says. In her 2019 book Inconspicuous Consumption, she ventures way beyond the store aisle and into the web of less apparent ways that humans are damaging Earth. For example, your internet use is tied to extensive carbon emissions and energy consumption.
In fact, being a good citizen on planet Earth with climate concerns, you’ve likely asked or agonized over this question: What should I do?
One of their most consistent insights may surprise you: Consumer responsibility misses the mark. “One of the major failings of the environmental movement is having everyone focus on these small things that everyone can do.” says Ayana Elizabeth Johnson-a marine biologist and co-host of the podcast How to Save a Planet.
“Individuals join together to collectively have far more power changing the system than they can as individuals,” says Anthony Leiserowitz, director of the Yale Program on Climate Change Communication.
A.That doesn’t mean it’s none of your business. |
B.these experts propose other key steps that every human can take toward a better future. |
C.Similar challenge apply to use of plastics and consumption of meat and other goods. |
D.Part of the challenge with the environmental movement is the astonishing list of things we need to change. |
E.The solution to this problem, however, is not for you to stop using the internet, according to Schlossberg. |
F.It’s easy to get lost in the storm of supposed answers around social media, the latest data sets and “ego-friendly” marketing campaigns. |
In Venice, it is not uncommon to see tourists carry suitcases through waist-high water, or sit at tables in Piazza San Marco
We are used to thinking of Venice as a city in danger, a glorious relic of human creativity that is about to sink any day suddenly the end looks
People barely notice
In their art, the people of Venice are as happy on water as on land. Vittore Carpaccio's painting Hunting on the Lagoon shows young Venetians standing easily balanced in low-sided boats
The palaces
3 . The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 36, 000 meters deep. In complete darkness and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is an unfriendly environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments (沉淀物) for over a century now, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) . Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, pulling out samples of sediment and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600, 000 kilometers and took almost 20, 000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics (板块构造学说) and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that have come to shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also produced information critical to understanding the world's past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record that stretches back for hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion (侵蚀) and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change—information that may be used to predict future climates.
1. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in Paragraph 1 because it ______.A.is an unknown territory | B.attracts courageous explorers |
C.contains wide variety of life forms | D.is not a popular area for scientific research |
A.It is an ongoing project. | B.It is a type of submarine. |
C.It has gone on over 100 voyages. | D.It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968. |
A.funded entirely by the gas and oil industry |
B.an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas |
C.composed of geologists from all over the world |
D.the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom |
A.Biologists observed forms of marine life never before seen. |
B.Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes. |
C.Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists. |
D.Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions of years ago. |
4 . Where's winter? A number of countries just witnessed their warmest January ever recorded.
It's not just you — January was
The rise is even more
Last month, temperatures in Europe were warmer than the 1981-2010 January average, especially over parts of northern Europe, the report said. Some areas were more than 6°C above the average,
But
A.cooler | B.rainier | C.sunnier | D.toastier |
A.leaving | B.edging | C.finding | D.checking |
A.improving | B.revealing | C.monitoring | D.changing |
A.striking | B.unique | C.common | D.realistic |
A.contrast | B.contrary | C.subject | D.compared |
A.but | B.and | C.or | D.furthermore |
A.moved | B.occurred | C.extended | D.stuck |
A.internally | B.globally | C.partially | D.immediately |
A.below | B.between | C.about | D.above |
A.close | B.inferior | C.limited | D.expanded |
A.assumed | B.predicted | C.warned | D.argued |
A.declining | B.warning | C.changing | D.decreasing |
A.object | B.contribute | C.devote | D.strive |
A.coupled | B.littered | C.packed | D.matched |
A.regulation | B.standard | C.ceiling | D.norm |
Sneakers (运动鞋) Made from Old Chewing Gum
Dutch fashion and shoe label Explicit Wear is hoping to solve one of life’s sticky situations—the annoyance of stepping in waste chewing gum on the pavement—while helping to keep Amsterdam’s city streets clean. The brand has partnered with local marketing organization Iamsterdam and sustainability firm Gumdrop
Chewing gum causes an incredibly serious ecological problem,
The waste gum will be put to good use to make stylish kicks,
Available for preorder now, the new Gumshoe sneakers—offered in both a bubblegum pink and a black/red colorway—
Nearly 2.2 pounds of gum
To help spread their sustainability message,
6 . Space exploration has always been the province of
In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade’s end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated (共鸣) with
When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no
But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang for a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans,
The space dreamers end up
A.dreamers | B.explorers | C.astronomers | D.novelists |
A.expects | B.struggles | C.observes | D.explores |
A.reputation | B.emotion | C.challenge | D.optimism |
A.liberty | B.public | C.dream | D.freedom |
A.attacked | B.industrialized | C.transformed | D.accessed |
A.conflict | B.line | C.contrary | D.parallel |
A.aims | B.paces | C.concerns | D.terms |
A.ancestor | B.successor | C.forefather | D.advocate |
A.situations | B.securities | C.funds | D.schedules |
A.even if | B.in case | C.as if | D.so that |
A.finding | B.figuring | C.sweeping | D.mapping |
A.mainstream | B.foreign | C.service | D.sale |
A.informing | B.challenging | C.benefiting | D.cultivating |
A.limitations | B.qualities | C.technology | D.knowledge |
A.ignorant | B.capable | C.conscious | D.proud |
Can Birdsong Make You Happier?
If you are able to step outside and hear many types of birds, you might also have a greater feeling of well-being. Two studies show that hearing diverse birdsongs may help increase our happiness.
One study was done by the researchers at California Polytechnic State University. The team studied the effects of birdsong on people walking through a park in the U.S. state of Colorado. Danielle Ferraro, who led the Cal Poly study, says that there could be an evolutionary reason why we like birdsong. The idea is that when we hear birdsong it could signal safety to us. There could be many other reasons too Ferraro states that in some areas around the world birdsong can also signal the arrival of spring and nice weather. Bird diversity, she adds, can also mean a healthy environment.
Similarly, scientists in Germany examined for the first time whether a diverse nature also increases human well-being across Europe. The researchers looked at the European Quality of Life Survey to study the connection between the different kinds of birds in their surroundings and life satisfaction. They looked at more than 26,000 adults from 26 European countries. “Europeans are particularly satisfied with their lives if their surroundings have a high species diversity,” explains the study’s lead author, Joel Methorst, a researcher at the Goethe University in Frankfurt. He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.
So, if birdsong is good for our mental health, how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear? Scientists also mentioned, “We would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities. And they might look nice to us, but birds can’t necessarily use them. So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity.”
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8 . WE COMBAT ANIMAL DISEASES TOGETHER!
We want to prevent serious animal diseases such as foot and mouth disease, classical swine fever and African swine fever from spreading to Finland. These and other animal diseases can be transmitted from one country to another by animals or by meat and dairy products even if they are packed for personal consumption or intended as gifts. Travelers like you play an important role in preventing the spread of animal diseases.
Don’t bring meat, meat products, milk and dairy products from non-EU countries to Finland!
A ban on personal imports applies to meat and dairy products brought into Finland by travelers or ordered and sent through the post. The ban applies to food stuffs intended for personal consumption or as gifts and to pet food. If you have food products of animal origin with you, throw them in a waste container in the point of entry or contact Customs!
Bringing meat-containing products as presents and for personal use from an EU country to Finland
At the moment, there are EU countries with cases of African swine fever. In those countries there are restriction areas and, as a rule, pork and wild bear meat or products containing these meats may not be imported from these areas into Finland. Import is allowed only under very strict criteria controlled by local authorities. However, the sales of these meat products within the country may be allowed. In the EU, the disease has been detected in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Belgium and Italy (Sardinia), for instance. It is difficult for travelers to know and prove from which area meat products originate and whether the products on sale meet all criteria. This is the reason why we recommend that people avoid importing any meat products containing pork or wild bear meat as presents or for personal use from countries with African swine fever.
PLEASE NOTE! Never leave any food waste or leftover in the environment or places where they may be eaten by wildlife. Never give food waste or leftover to production animals or to pet pigs.
Thank you for helping us to prevent the spread of animal diseases. We wish you a pleasant journey!
1. Whom is this notice intended for?A.Food importers in Finland. | B.Travelers to Finland. |
C.Citizens in EU countries. | D.Medical staff from non-EU countries. |
A.To protect endangered wildlife. | B.To secure the domestic economy. |
C.To promote vegetarian lifestyle. | D.To prevent the infectious diseases. |
A.A Russian official threw a beef burger in a dustbin at the Finnish airport. |
B.A Finnish girl fed milk to pigeon at the park in her neighborhood. |
C.A Japanese traveler bought some Hungarian homemade sausages in Finland. |
D.A German brought German cheeses to his Finnish girlfriend as a gift. |
9 . Escaping predators (食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.
In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.
A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.
Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”
Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp (虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.
1. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A.The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean. |
B.The survival of predators and various marine animals. |
C.The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean. |
D.The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans. |
A.Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean. |
B.Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air. |
C.The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down. |
D.Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean. |
A.Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories. |
B.Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation. |
C.Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels. |
D.Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen. |
A.The Oxygen Levels of Marine Life | B.Ocean Warming Affects Food Web |
C.The Survivability of Ocean Animals | D.The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath |
China's Worst Sandstorm
China's worst sandstorm in a decade caused mass disruptions on Monday as vast swathes (广大地区) of the country were thrown into a thick, orange haze of dust and sand,
In Beijing, poor visibility paralyzed traffic as residents posted photos of skyscrapers seemingly
Beijing and 23 other cities recorded “off the chart”levels of air pollution, according to state media. In Beijing, PM 10, a measure of tiny particles in the air often
Officials in neighboring Mongolia, after the sandstorm
China's National Meteorological Center said it expected 12 provinces and municipalities — an area covering about 160, 000 square miles, about the size of California —