1 . Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive (大规模的) underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction (破坏) to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world collect money to help them.
The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously although very slowly and has done so for billions of years. This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict (预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth’s history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid impacts (小行星撞击). About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species. Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth’s species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinosaurs. Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.
1. What did the Indian Ocean earthquake cause?A.A hurricane. | B.A typhoon. | C.A volcanic eruption. | D.A tsunami. |
A.The possible time. | B.The possible place. |
C.The possible damage. | D.The possible frequency. |
A.The ocean. | B.The poles. |
C.Outer space. | D.Deep under the surface. |
A.How natural disasters happened |
B.Where natural disasters happened most |
C.When people should avoid natural disasters |
D.What kind of natural disasters are most destructive |
Kilauea has been erupting almost without stopping since 1983. It is one of the world’s most
Scientists from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and University of Hawaii are studying
Hundreds of small earthquakes caused by the eruptions have damaged the structure of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. So the scientists were forced
Wetlands are the link between the land and the water. They are transition zones where the flow of water, the cycling of nutrients and the energy of the sun meet to produce
The National Nature Reserve of Guangdong Nanpeng Islands in Guangdong Province was established in 2003. It
The main focus of the reserve is to protect the unique underwater natural landscapes, the ecosystems of the nearby
Researchers have discovered 1,308 marine species in the area, including 772
4 . As university doors opened in September for a new year, an estimated six million people across the world took to the streets in a historic week of climate action. For freshers starting a new chapter at university, deciding how to live your life is vital.
What you put on your plate matters. Meat and dairy consumption results in excessive (过度的) land use, industrial emissions, water use and deforestation.
Change your habits.
Individual actions matter, as they demonstrate commitment and provide an alternative to how we can live. But campaigning is important, too.
A.Forget fast fashion. |
B.Behave yourself in public. |
C.While shopping, turn up with your own container. |
D.University campus can be a perfect place for this. |
E.Cutting out meat is an easy way to reduce your carbon footprint. |
F.Here are some ideas about how you can be sustainable as a student. |
G.For freshers, living alone means doing your own washing, cooking and cleaning. |
5 . According to a new USDA(the U.S.Department of Agriculture)report,U.S.forests could worsen global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older.The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying(腐烂)trees go above their carbon absorption.Forests could become a“substantial carbon source”by 2070,the USDA report says.
The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes,which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.The disasters destroy forestland,destroying its ecosystem and decreasing its ability to absorb carbon,according to Lynn Riley,a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation.Aging forests also contribute.The report found that older,mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species,and U.S.forests are rapidly aging.
This trend is likely to continue,as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation(开采).The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s,according to Simon Lewis,professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far,as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution,but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,”he said.“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.”
U.S.forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S.carbon emissions,or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year,equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants,according to there port.The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U.S.to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero.“As we work to decarbonize(碳减排),forests are one of the greatest tools.If we were to lose that tool,it means we will contribute that much more in emissions,”Riley said.
1. What is the main finding of the report?A.Forests are suffering from decaying trees. |
B.Forests could contribute to global warming. |
C.Forests are being destroyed by natural disasters. |
D.Forests have become substantial carbon absorbers. |
A.The key role of forests in the ecosystem. |
B.The consequences of frequent natural disasters. |
C.The impact of rising global temperatures on forests. |
D.The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon. |
A.Reducing fossil fuel emissions. |
B.Cleaning up decaying trees in time. |
C.Planting trees on a large scale. |
D.Limiting the exploitation of forests. |
A.To offer suggestions on forest management. |
B.To stress the significance of forest protection. |
C.To present the efforts made to reach net zero. |
D.To show the carbon emissions from coal power plants. |
1.说明生态保护的重要性;
2.提出倡议。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
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The Student Union
For my family, a vacation in Penang is a yearly event. My mother and father were raised in Penang, so they loved Penang cuisine. Each December, we’d go to the island and take a three-day tour of their favorite places for meals.
This year we began the trip to the north on a Friday morning. It took us six hours to arrive at our destination. We always stayed at a hotel in Batu Ferringhi. The beach was only a few steps away from the hotel, and our rooms had a beautiful ocean view. We spent our first night playing on the beach. Then, we went back to the hotel rooms and started playing games. My parents had a rule for our holidays that we should spend time doing something together. There was to be no television and no Internet.
We reached Bukit Bendera the following day, and then wandered around the town for the rest of the afternoon, visiting our favorite shops. We were drinking tea in a cafe when we heard someone discussing an earthquake off Sumatra, an Indonesia n island. After we returned to our hotel, we left for the beach. We went for a stroll on the beach, collecting shells along the way. When I looked up, I could see that the sunlight was more brilliant than I had imagined. Far away, I could see a big tree shaking under the sunlight. We didn’t think anything terrible was going to happen. All of a sudden, I realized something strange. It was as if the sea was moving away from the coast. I called my dad to check on this strange event. My dad took a look and his face went pale. In the distance we could see a gray line approaching the coast. It seemed to grow taller by the second.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1: My dad shouted at us to hurry back to the hotel.
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Paragraph 2: We waited a long time before going downstairs.
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1. 活动介绍;
2. 活动意义。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为 80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Successful Cleanup Activity
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________9 . Every year the start of the Atlantic hurricane season is another reminder for Margarite August that she still doesn’t have a roof.
The 70-year-old retired teacher’s home on the small Caribbean island nation of Dominica was mostly wiped out by hurricane Maria six years ago.
Six years after hurricane Maria, Dominicans like Margarite August still haven’t been able to rehabilitate their homes.
August is not alone. Since Maria, the government of Dominica has built 7,000 new homes—about a quarter of its housing stock-with materials to fight another Category 5 hurricane. They’ve also relocated two communities. But an untold number of the island’s 70,000 or so residents are like August, rebuilding their homes in any way they can afford.
Hurricane Maria is often referred to as a once-in-a-lifetime disaster. Scientists put much of the blame on warming ocean temperatures that could make frequent (频繁的) storms like it.
Maria damaged a terrible 95% of Dominica’s housing stock and 226% of the nation’s GDP. Before the storm, the country’s economy had long struggled since its independence from Great Britain in 1978. Unlike its more famous touristy neighbors along the chain of eastern Caribbean islands it lies on, Dominica is more known for its rugged mountains and jungles (丛林) than white sandy beaches.
The jungle mountains that crash down to the coast are beautiful but disasters visit easily. “I don’t think anybody ever got over Maria,” says Christine John of the Dominica Red Cross. “There are a lot of persons today—if it just starts to rain outside, they get anxious.”
1. What does the underlined word “rehabilitate” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Rebuild. | B.Leave. | C.Decorate. | D.Buy. |
A.Over-farming. | B.Loss of the land. |
C.The disappearance of the forests. | D.Climate change. |
A.Its good economy. | B.Its architecture. |
C.Its mountains and jungles. | D.Its sandy beaches. |
A.They have to stay bored at home. | B.Their houses are easy to take in water. |
C.They don’t know how to make umbrellas. | D.They are afraid of another disaster like Maria. |
10 . Almost a quarter of the UK’s sea swimmers may not swim in the ocean this year because of sewage (污水) dumping by water companies, according to a poll (民意调查). Sewage was dumped into waters near England’s most celebrated beaches for nearly 8,500 hours last year. And there were 1,504 discharges (排出) in 2022 on beaches supposed to be free from such pollution.
The poll spoke to 2,272 UK adults between 21 and 23 on July. Just over 30% said they typically went sea swimming during the summer, and of these 23% said they would not this year because of sewage dumping by water companies. More than two in five of the regular beachgoers also said they were less likely to visit the British seaside this summer because of sewage discharges.
The Department for Environment says government should allow the Environment Agency to charge unlimited fines on rule-breaking water companies. Fines are currently capped (上限) at £250,000. The Department for Environment has been calling for a sewage tax on annual profits and a ban on bonuses of water company managers. “Coastal communities are at the mercy of water companies who unapologetically discharge raw sewage into popular swimming spots,” Tim Farron, the Department for Environment’s spokesperson said. “The government needs to stop letting water companies off the hook and finally ban these terrible sewage discharges and defend our tourism sector.”
A Water UK spokesperson said standards at beaches had greatly improved since the 1990s but that the industry recognized it had been slow to deal with the harm to our seas caused by sewage overflows. “Over the next seven years, water and sewerage companies plan to spend £10bn—doubling current levels of investment—on sewage treatment,” they said. “As part of this, bathing waters will be among the first to receive funding.”
1. What does the poll show?A.Water companies dumped the most sewage into waters last year. |
B.Many swimmers avoid the water over fears of sewage on UK beaches. |
C.Waters near England’s most celebrated beaches are not seriously polluted. |
D.Over two fifths of the regular beachgoers in UK are between 21 and 23. |
A.Reducing bonuses of water company managers. |
B.Shutting down those rule-breaking water companies. |
C.Fining rule-breaking water companies at least £250,000. |
D.Introducing a sewage tax on water companies’ yearly profits. |
A.Develop slowly. | B.Improve too fast. |
C.Free of responsibility. | D.Attract public attention. |
A.Environment. | B.Lifestyle. | C.Fitness. | D.Business. |