1 . 语法填空

Strange things happened before Tangshan earthquake happened.The well walls had deep cracks. Some     1     (smell) gas came out of them. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat. At 3：42     2     the morning of July 28, 1976, everything began to shake.     3     seemed as if the world were coming to an end！A huge crack cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of     4     (dirty). Soon the whole city lay in     5     (ruin). Many people died or were     6     (injure). Everything in the city was destroyed. People were    7     (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. The army sent soldiers to dig out those     8     were trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built shelters for     9     (survive). Water and food were taken to the city. Slowly the city began to     10     (breath) again. Tangshan city has proved that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.

3 . A lunch break – it’s an important and often necessary part of our working or school day.   And now we’re spoilt (惯坏) with a lot of places to buy our lunch from, all offering attractive dishes and  sandwiches to eat on the go.

But our appetite for buying our lunchtime fare is not just costing us money, there might be a cost in terms of damaging our planet too. Just grabbing a sandwich, crisps and maybe a cake and coffee can produce at least four items of waste. Paper boxes, cups, wrappers and plastic knives and forks are all part of our disposable (一次性的) feast in addition to the food waste we create. Some experts say throwing away food, which produces methane (甲烷) as it rots, is a bigger cause of climate change than plastics.

But regardless of what causes the most damage, the solution, according to an environmental campaign group called Hubbub, is to eat packed lunches. Tessa Tricks from the group says “People are saying that they are buying food to take out because life has got busier.” And she says people think they are being more efficient; but she argues that it's usually healthier and cheaper to make your own lunch. It means you can eat the things you really want and make the quantity that you actually need.

Of course, preparing your lunch is another thing to fit into your morning scramble (忙乱) of getting ready for work, so if you haven’t got time and you are going to buy lunch, an alternative that Hubbub suggests is to take your own container to a shop and ask them to put your food in it. The idea of using reusable coffee cups for hot drinks and refilling water bottles has already proved successful, so this could be another step in the right direction.

1. What’s the second paragraph mainly about?

A．It costs a lot of money buying lunch.

B．Eating fast food is no good to health.

C．Buying lunch leads to great damage to environment.

D．Experts give suggestions on eating.

2. What’s Hubbub’s suggestion in paragraph 3?

A．Stop eating packed lunches.

B．Eating what you like.

C．Trying to be more efficient in work.

D．Making lunch by yourself.

3. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Buying lunch.

B．Taking your own container.

C．Using reusable coffee cup.

D．Using refilling water bottles.

4. What will the writer call on others to do?

A．Make a full use of lunch time.

B．Eating properly to keep healthy.

C．Doing what you can to reduce pollution.

D．Giving lunch time eating habit a thought to reduce damage to environment.

4 . Masks that helped save lives are proving a deadly danger for wildlife, with birds and sea creatures trapped in the shocking number of thrown-away facial coverings. Single-use masks have been found around pavements, waterways and beaches worldwide. Worn once, the thin protective materials can take hundreds of years to decompose. “Face masks aren't going away any time soon—but when we throw them away, these items can harm the environment and the animals,” Ashley Fruno of animal rights group PETA said.

In Britain, a gull was rescued by the RSPCA after its legs became tangled in the straps of a mask for up to a week. The animal welfare charity took it to a wildlife hospital for treatment before its release.

The biggest impact may be in the water. More than 1.5 billion masks made their way into the world's oceans last year, accounting for around 6,200 extra tonnes of ocean plastic pollution, according to environmental group Oceans Asia.

Conservationists in Brazil found one mask inside the stomach of a penguin after its body was washed up on a beach, while a dead pufferfish was discovered caught inside another off the coast of Miami. French campaigners found a dead crab trapped in a mask near the Mediterranean. Masks and gloves are “particularly problematic” for sea creatures, says George Leonard, chief scientist from NGO Ocean Conservancy. “When those plastics break down in the environment, they then enter the food chain and impact entire ecosystems.” he added.

There has been a shift towards greater use of reusable cloth masks as the pandemic has worn on, but many are still using the lighter single-use varieties. Campaigners have urged people to bin them properly and cut the straps to reduce the risk of animals becoming trapped. Oceans Asia has also called on governments to increase fines for littering and encourage the use of washable masks.

1. What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?

A．The problem of littering masks.	B．The long time to break down masks.
C．The threat of masks to wildlife.	D．The protective use of masks to people.

2. What did the animal welfare charity do to the gull?

A．They gave first aid to the bird.	B．They released the bird at once.
C．They kept the bird for about a week.	D．They sent the bird to hospital.

3. How is Paragraph 4 developed?

A．By providing examples.	B．By giving explanations.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By analyzing causes.

4. Which measure has been taken to help solve the problem?

A．Forbidding the use of single-use masks.	B．Wearing reusable cloth masks.
C．Cutting the masks up before throwing.	D．Increasing fines for binning masks.

5 . Beginning 2020, the fifth generation of wireless technology is expected to be widely used throughout the world. The new network, called 5G, promises to give faster speeds and a higher capacity for the use of more devices. However, while some companies are competing to be the first to deliver 5G to the consumer, the environmental influences of the new network are being overlooked.

There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth's ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale(规模)before. Studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies.

The millimeter waves, specifically, had a detrimental effect on birds. In a study, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5~30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured. The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies(频率)is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density(浓度)of base stations(small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could threaten their population's survival.

Additionally, it was found that cellular devices were linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of bees. In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder(蜂群崩坏症候群). Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth's ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination(授粉), making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system.

The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected.

1. What will probably cause the environmental problems with the wide use of 5G network?

A．The lack of the density of base stations.

B．The less mature devices and technologies.

C．The lower capacity for the use of devices.

D．The large amount of use of millimeter waves.

2. Which of the following best explains the underlined word "detrimental" in Paragraph 3?

A．Important.

B．Unknown.

C．Harmful.

D．Potential.

3. Why are bees important in the earth's ecosystem?

A．They play a key role in food production.

B．They can guide some pollinators to work.

C．They are likely to reduce unpleasant noises.

D．They rid disturbances in the agricultural system.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Should 5G Be Used in the Future?	B．The Influence of 5G on Ecosystem
C．The Research on 5G Technologies	D．How Can Ecosystem Survive 5G?

6 . In the past five years, about 2.8 billion of school textbooks were sold per year, with total spending of 20 billion yuan ($3 billion), news magazine Outlook Weekly reported, citing data released recently by the National Press and Publication Administration.

If these textbooks are reused for one year, the costs saved can be used to help build around 40,000 Hope Schools in impoverished regions.

The figures show that in 2018, the number of retailed textbooks for primary and secondary schools was 2.93 billion copies, totaling 25.99 billion yuan. If all of them are reused, a total of over 20 billion yuan will be saved per year.

Zhao Dehua, in charge of a company recycling resources, said many college graduates sell the textbooks they have accumulated over the years at an average price of 1 yuan per kilogram. As these textbooks are mostly used to produce recycled paper, the cost is even higher than that of raw paper as the processing procedure of recycled paper is complicated.

At present, free textbooks related to music, art and P.E for the nine-year compulsory education have been reused, but account for less than a fraction of the total number of textbooks. Because of the supply chain obstruction, which increases the costs to match supply with demand, the lack of sound platform and service supporting system for the second-hand textbook trade, most of the textbooks used for compulsory education and higher education end up as waste.

“Every year, second-hand booksellers collect textbooks at a price of about 4,000 yuan a ton, which is more than twice the price of ordinary waste paper, but the number of people who come to collect second-hand books is still few,” Zhao Dehua said.

Besides, the incomplete policies and regulations might bring second-hand book sales platforms and sellers to legal risks.

“Establishing the system of textbook recycling can not only save resources, but also help to cultivate students’ consciousness and sense of responsibility,” said Zhu Pin, deputy head of a school of nine-year compulsory education in Jiangxi province. The school has set up a system for reusing the textbooks and the books are disinfected every week.

1. What can we learn from paragraph 4?

A．College students sell textbooks in order to make profits.

B．Recycled paper is mainly used for environmental considerations.

C．The cost of recycled paper is greater than that of raw paper.

D．Certain groups of collectors tend to choose second-hand textbooks.

2. What is the problem of reusing textbooks?

A．It is blocked because of lack of funds.

B．The supply of recycled textbooks is not adequate to meet the demand.

C．The regulation of second-hand textbooks has not been carried out yet.

D．A large number of second-hand textbooks are not used properly.

3. What measures does the school take to use the second-hand textbooks?

A．The school frees recycled textbooks from bacteria regularly.

B．The school proposes regulations for wasting second-hand textbooks.

C．The school calls on students to participate in the system of textbook recycling.

D．The school requests the government’s support.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Textbooks recycled for less waste

B．Recycled textbooks used for compulsory education

C．Reusing textbooks good for environment and wallet

D．Reusing textbooks good for collection

7 . A student-led push to get solar panels installed at a middle school in Tacoma is receiving national recognition from a clean energy nonprofit organization called Generation 180. The girls involved are advocating and fundraising for the project.

Sammy Firkins, Gwen Newport and Annie Son will talk about their idea to generate solar electricity at Jason Lee Middle School in a panel discussion organized by Generation 180. In 2019, the three of them teamed up with their science teacher, Kathy Hall, to push for solar panels to be installed. Hall, who uses solar power at her own house, said it’s long been a dream of hers. The school would be the first in the Tacoma district to use solar energy.

The girls presented their idea to Gov. Jay Inslee’s STEM Education Innovation Alliance meeting in early 2019 and received enthusiastic support. They then spoke to the Tacoma school board and obtained buy-in from the district, though they were told the district did not have the roughly $ 200,000 for the 277 solar panels and that they would have to fundraise. They’ve since raised more than half that amount through grants and individual donations.

Gwen Newport said she’s always cared a lot about environmental issues and that she’s troubled that climate change does not get the attention it deserves. “At this point, I feel like it’s kind of been given to my generation almost as our responsibility now and so being able to be a part of this project and take action is really important to me,” she said.

The solar panels have not been installed at the school yet. But Hall said she estimates that the project will reduce the school’s power costs by about $ 14,000 a year, and that it also will serve an educational purpose. “We will have live data always streaming available so that people can see how the panels are working and how they relate to the amount of electricity we’re using, and it will be an incredible learning tool,” she said.

1. What is Generation 180?

A．It is the name of the girls’ team.

B．It is a project to use solar power.

C．It is a nonprofit environmental group.

D．It is a student-led push to install solar panels.

2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．The girls raised enough money for the project.

B．The Tacoma school board rejected the project.

C．The girls made great efforts to fulfill the project.

D．The district covered the expenses of solar panels.

3. How does Gwen Newport feel about climate change?

A．Confident.

B．Concerned.

C．Relieved.

D．Content.

4. What is the main purpose of the project?

A．To advocate for donations.

B．To serve as a learning tool.

C．To protect the environment.

D．To cut down the school’s expenses.

8 . Balancing preservation of the land with our desire to travel is a challenge for us travelers. When seeing cities face constant resource and waste problems, I couldn’t help but think about how much travel can affect the environment.

Back in my youth, I was an environmental activist. But over the years, I leave the lights on. I fly a lot. I drink out of plastic bottles. I eat a lot of meat. And I love fish, especially tuna. However, recently, I’ve begun thinking harder about how travel affects the environment and how I affect the environment. In doing so, I’ve tried to be a lot more aware of my actions.

I don’t know if there is an easy solution for this problem. The most environmentally friendly activity is not to travel at all, but that’s unrealistic and too extreme. There’s so much money in travel that I don’t think the government and regulation can do much. Only when their profits are hurt will hotels, operators, and the industry as a whole begin to listen. Instead, it’s all about the consumers. The only good way is to get people to be more environmentally conscious and make better decisions.

Consumers have a lot of power. Why did Wal-Mart start selling only sustainable fish and whole milk? Consumers wanted it. I think if we as travelers begin to demand more environmentally friendly practices and avoid companies with poor environmental records, we can change things.

Now, I recycle more, I use fewer water bottles, I shut off the lights, Most importantly, I use operators and stay at places that are reducing their environmental impact.

Travel can destroy the environment but it doesn’t have to. We have the power to make things better. We can do small things and demand more of the places we stay and visit. We can and should demand more of places, and of ourselves.

1. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?

A．My experiences of protecting the environment.

B．Can we balance travel and the environment?

C．Is there an easy way to solve environmental problems?

D．How can we travel in an environmentally friendly way?

2. Why does the writer list his actions over the years?

A．To show he is wealthy.

B．To tell he is fond of travelling.

C．To indicate he has become less environmentally conscious.

D．To explain his hobby.

3. What’s the realistic way to solve the problem according to paragraph 3?

A．People do not travel at all.

B．The government takes effective measures.

C．Tourism industry follows environmental rules.

D．Consumers become more environmentally conscious.

4. What can be learned from the last paragraph?

A．Travel will surely destroy the environment.

B．Few things travelers can do to protect the environment.

C．We can get a lot from the places we travel.

D．What travelers do can make a difference to the environment.

9 . Just when you thought you were taking care of your health by eating enough fruit and vegetables every day, new research has come out revealing that you might be swallowing microplastic particles(颗粒)along with all those vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A groundbreaking study published in the journal Environmental Research has found that fruits and vegetables absorb microplastic particles from the soil and move them through vegetal tissues, where they remain until eaten by hungry diners, thus getting transferred to human bodies.

The researchers, who are from the University of Catania in Italy, as well as Sousse and Monastir universities in Tunisia, analyzed a variety of common fruits and vegetables---carrots, lettuce, broccoli, potatoes, apples, and pears. These were chosen for the fact that they are frequently consumed, usually one per day, which allowed the researchers to better assess the dietary intakes of MPs (microplastic particles) and NPs (nano-plastics). The samples were purchased from different sources in the city of Catania, including a small fruit vendor and a supermarket.

The researchers found that apples, followed by pears, were the most polluted fruit samples, and carrots were the most polluted vegetable. In the study’s discussion section, the authors wrote, “We can assume that the fruits contain more MPs not only because of the very high vascularization(血管化)of the fruit pulp (果肉) but also due to the greater size and complexity of the root system and age of the tree (several years) compared to the vegetables (60-75 days for the carrot).”

This study is important because it’s the first to detect microplastics in fruits and vegetables. They have been found in other sources before, such as sea salt, beer, water(bottled, in particular), shellfish, sugar, soil, and even air, but never inside fresh produce. It’s an alarming discovery that raises yet another red flag about microplastic pollution in the natural environment.

It’s an area that will likely see a lot more attention in coming years, with the study authors calling for further research into the question of microplastic and whether it harms the health of both plants and humans.

1. What is the study about?

A．The main cause of soil pollution.

B．The great changes in people’s diets.

C．The benefits of eating fruits and vegetables.

D．The microplastic pollution in fruits and vegetables.

2. Why did researchers choose frequently eaten fruits and vegetables?

A．To lower the cost of the study.	B．To gain widespread acceptance.
C．To improve the accuracy of the study.	D．To reduce the time for preparing the samples.

3. What makes the study quite special?

A．It showed the influences of MPs on plants.

B．It proved the source of microplastic pollution.

C．It presented the danger of MPs to human’s body.

D．It discovered MPs in fresh produce for the first time.

4. What do the study authors think of the research on microplastic?

A．It needs to be further studied.	B．It wasted them quite a lot of time.
C．It has raised people’s awareness of health.	D．It has attracted people’s attention to diets.

10 . This may look like an ordinary plastic straw (吸管), but it is not made of plastic. Cameron Ross started the Celise Bio-products company, to produce single-use plastic alternatives from plant materials like these. They are made of poly lactic acid (聚乳酸) known as PLA from com starches (淀粉).

Cameron Ross said, "We work with food service providers, mainly larger brands, to help them get quality sustainable and cost-effective solutions, made from plants to start getting rid of single-use plastics." Single-use plastics such as bottles or straws are major cause of pollution. When we throw these away, they end up in a landfill or in the water like rivers. According to researchers, it could take up to more than 500 years for them to properly break down.

Ross says he wasn't always so environmentally conscious himself. But ever since the hiking trip in West Virginia, when he spent more time picking up trash than enjoying nature, his priorities changed. That meant making biodegradable products that can break down in only a few years.

While many cafes and restaurants are choosing paper products to be more eco-conscious, it isn’t cheap. Paper straws can cost about eight times more than plastic straws. But bio-plastic straws cost less a penny a straw, not even double the price of plastic ones.

Another problem with paper straws is that they get soft and wet. You don't want to be sipping (啜饮) something that alters your drink, or starts to melt while you're drinking and then you have to get which creates more wastes than needed. Ross hopes his Washington DC-based company will provide an eco-friendly solution for food service providers.

1. Which aspect is NOT the focus of the Celise Bio-products?

A．Material.	B．Appearance.
C．Quality.	D．Cost.

2. What inspired Ross to start the Bio-products company?

A．High profits.	B．Requests from food service providers.
C．Lower cost.	D．His changed environmental awareness.

3. What can we learn about the new straws?

A．They are widely used in cafes and restaurants.

B．They cost less than paper ones.

C．They may soften or even melt while carrying water.

D．They produce more waste.

4. What's the author's purpose of writing the passage?

A．To persuade more food service providers to work with Ross.

B．To explain the development of straws.

C．To introduce a new eco-friendly straw.

D．To compare different straws.