1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Pollution takes away all the beauty of the beaches of Hawaii. I hate to go to the beaches on       1     (sun) weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts(烟头)     2     (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.

One thing that really annoys me is that I see     3     (tour)who visit Hawaii leave their rubbish on the beaches. I was always taught after drinking soda to throw the can into the place     4     it should stay—the trash can. Another thing that annoys me is that some people walk right by rubbish     5     pretend that it’s not there.

The dogs or the fish are not to blame     6     it. It’s our fault and we must blame     7     (we). Everyone has to do his or her part     8     (solve) this problem. It can’t be difficult to do the job. There are a lot of things that we can do. First of all, we can help pick up rubbish along the beaches. We could also form organizations that help clean up our beaches. More     9     (important), we need to start now before the beaches     10     (damage) beyond repair.

2 . China is known for its long history, rich culture, and cute pandas. It’s also known for some of the worst air quality in the world. But the Asian country is now using a natural weapon against air pollution — trees.

In February, China’s government announced plans to cover at least 32,400 square miles with forest. That is about the size of Ireland. Some 60,000 soldiers will take charge of the tree-planting program. Most of the trees will be planted in Hebei Province. That is an area surrounding China’s capital, Beijing.

Huang Wei is an environmentalist who works for Greenpeace East Asia. She is optimistic about the plan. “Trees act as a sink to absorb carbon dioxide and other pollutants,” she said. Carbon dioxide is a gas that traps the Earth’s heat. It contributes to global warming.

Why is China’s air filled with harmful chemicals? It’s because the country relies on coal-fired power plants. When coal is burned, PM2.5 is produced. PM2.5 is a pollutant. It can cause shortness of breath, heart attacks, and even death.

Just two years ago, pollution levels were so high in Beijing that schools and factories had to close. Huang hopes China’s tree-planting plan will reduce the nation’s suffering from air pollution.

The Chinese government is getting help from others in its drive to make the nation greener. Stefano Boeri is an Italian architect and urban planner. He is leading an effort to plant vertical (垂直的) forests in China.

Boeri’s designs have already taken root in the city of Nanjing, China. That’s where the Nan-jing Green Towers are under construction. The building has two towers. Thousands of trees and hanging plants will grow on the balconies and rooftops.

Boeri says his goal is to design buildings that help the environment and improve air quality. He also hopes to encourage a new generation of green architects.

1. What measure is China taking to improve the air quality according to the passage?

A．Planting more tress.

B．Closing the electricity factories.

C．Forbidding people to burn coal.

D．Designing new buildings.

2. What does Huang Wei think of the new plan?

A．Doubtful.	B．Uncertain.
C．Promising.	D．Ineffective.

3. Which of the following has the closest meaning to “contributes to” in paragraph 3?

A．Adapts to.	B．Results in.
C．Refers to.	D．Concentrates on.

4. Why is Stefano Boeri invited to China to design buildings?

A．Because his design can keep the polluted air outside the house.

B．Because his buildings are built in forest.

C．Because his design is special with two towers.

D．Because his design is environmentally friendly.

3 . ''It can't be done. '' Boyan Slat heard this over and over when he first proposed a way to clean up millions of tons of plastic polluting our oceans.

Slat, who grew up in the city of Delft in the Netherlands, was on a diving trip in Greece three years ago when he was deeply impressed by plastic. ''There were more plastic bags than fish, '' he says. ''That moment I realized it was a huge issue and that environmental issues are really the biggest problems my generation will face. ''

That fall, Slat, then 17, decided to study plastic pollution as part of a high school project. Soon, Slat learned that no one had yet come up with practical way to clean up this massive garbage patches. Most proposed solutions involved ''fishing'' up the plastic using ships equipped with nets—which, as Slat discovered, would likely take more than 1,000 years, cost too much, let off too much sea life along with the trash.

Slat proposed an alternative that mostly avoided these problems: a solar-powered system using a floating plastic tube which will go around the garbage and trap it is 600 meters long. Wind, waves and ocean currents will push the trash toward the tube. A ship will pick up the trash and take it back to the shore. Best of all, Slat predicted his system could clean up the North Pacific Garbage Patch within five to 10 years.

The following, Slat entered the aerospace engineering program at the Delft University of Technology and officially announced his ocean cleanup concept at TEDxDelft. But nothing much moved forward.

Slat organized a team of volunteers and employees for The Ocean Cleanup, which now numbers about 100. In answer to opposition, Slat and his team raised $100,000 from a crowd funding campaign and began testing a 40-meter collecting barrier near the Azores Islands last March.

Over the next three to four years, Slat will push toward a fully operational large-scale project by testing a series of longer and longer barriers.

1. What inspired the boy to study plastic pollution?

A．One of his high school projects.

B．Others' opposition to his proposal.

C．Humans’ failure in cleaning up the ocean.

D．The shockingly heavy plastic pollution in ocean.

2. What can we say about Slat's design?

A．It is powerful but only used in California and Hawaii.

B．It is huge but causes great damage to sea lives.

C．It makes full use of natural forces and is friendly to nature.

D．It was welcomed by all the public and worked very well.

3. What hasn't Slat done to make his idea into reality?

A．Presenting his idea at TEDxDelft.

B．Raising funds with his team.

C．Doing test.

D．Stopping plastic from washing into the ocean.

4. What does the author mainly do in this article?

A．Explain a strange idea.	B．Introduce a fascinating person.
C．Describe a social phenomenon.	D．Praise a point of view.

4 . E-waste is fast becoming a serious global problem.     1    

The source of e-waste

We live in a society that constantly produces and consumes electronic products. It is often cheaper to buy new pieces of equipment than to repair old ones. Also, through clever advertising, companies persuade consumers to replace their old TVs, mobile phones and computers for the latest models. E-waste is created when we throw away electronic equipment like this. In the EU alone, about 8.7 million tonnes of e-waste is produced each year.     2    

The problem with e-waste

Burying e-waste in landfills or burning it causes serious problems for the environment.     3     These substances can then leak into the ground in landfills or pollute the air when they are burnt.

Global recycling schemes (计划)

    4     However, their schemes are not always managed properly and sometimes electronics are just sent to poor countries such as Ghana. Here they are often burnt in public areas, which is very bad for people’s health. Setting up recycling programs in the countries that create e-waste could solve this problem. E-cycling centres could recycle the parts that we can reuse and properly dispose of the rest.

Take-back policy

Another solution to e-waste is to make manufacturers responsible for their used products. This could mean forcing them to take back old products which are no longer wanted.     5    

Consuming less

We can all reduce the amount of waste we produce by buying electrical products only when we have to.

A．In recent years, many countries have started recycling e-waste.

B．They should then make sure they are properly recycled or reused.

C．Sadly, just over one million tonnes is recycled.

D．This report will examine this problem and provide some possible solutions.

E．By resisting the temptation to buy a product just to have the latest version, we cut down on e-waste.

F．Electronics contain dangerous chemicals and metals.

G．Both manufacturers and consumers must accept their responsibilities and make efforts to keep it to a minimum.

5 . The early life of the green sea turtle (海龟) is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to adulthood (成年). From its home in the sand, it breaks its egg with an egg tooth. Its mother is not there to help it. Instead, it is greeted by crabs, coyotes, and dogs waiting to eat it for dinner. To survive, the baby turtle must hide in the sand until night. Then, it moves slowly to the sea.

The small turtle must swim hard to reach the ocean waters. In the sea, it tries hard to find food. It must also keep itself from being food for fish.

As dangerous as the sea turtle’s life is in the natural world, its most dangerous enemies are humans. The rubbish left by humans in the ocean causes problems for the small green sea turtle. A little turtle might eat a piece of plastic (塑料) in the sea. It might also eat oil on the ocean’s surface. Young turtles also get caught in fishing nets. There are laws against hunting sea turtles. Still, many are hunted, both for their meat and for their shells (壳). All of these dangers must be prevented.

Sea turtles that do survive to grow into adulthood go through many changes. For example, adult green sea turtles weigh about 500 pounds. They stop eating jellyfish and other meat and eat only plants. And they may plan a trip to go back home again. A mother sea turtle goes back to the beach where she was born. This is the only place where she will lay eggs. Even if it has been forty years since she was a baby, she always knows her way back home.

1. Why do baby turtles move to the sea at night?

A．They dislike sunshine.

B．They prefer lower temperatures.

C．They can find food easily then.

D．They need to avoid enemies.

2. What does the author think of the young turtles in Paragraph 3?

A．Pitiful.	B．Careless.
C．Interesting.	D．Courageous.

3. What can we learn about sea turtles?

A．They mainly feed on fish and meat.

B．They always produce eggs at their birthplaces.

C．They can live for around forty years.

D．They visit their beach homes several times a year.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．The homes of green sea turtles.

B．How sea turtles find their food.

C．The dangers faced by sea turtles.

D．How young turtles become adults.

6 . The Great Wall, China

Stretching over 21,000 kilometers, the Great Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of more than 2,000 years. UNESCO in February 2019 calls it an absolute masterpiece, not only because of the ambitious character of the undertaking but also the perfection of its construction.”

But perfection isn’t protection. 51.2 percent of the Great Wall had either already disappeared or is at a significant risk of disappearing. Besides for wind and rain erosion, the main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism, construction, human contact and so on.

Pamukkale，Turkey

Pamukkale, which means “cotton castle” in Turkish, is famous for its shining white calcite terraces (方解石阶地)with warm and mineral-rich waters overrun.

Before being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988, Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities. People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools, some visitors stood on the rocks and some even bathed in the hot springs with soap and shampoo. To protect the terraces, the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Home to 400 types of coral and 1,500 species of fish, the Great Barrier Reef draws visitors to Australia from all over the world.

However, the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer from increasingly frequent bleaching events, cases in which corals turn white and may die, according to a UNESCO report. The heat waves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the two years, according to a CNN report. Pollution from industry developments and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.

The Dead Sea, Jordan

At 423 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is 10 times saltier than the ocean, meaning that the water is so dense, even tourists who can9t swim will be able to float.

But the seaside resorts built in the 1980s now sit kilometers away from the water’s edge, which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years. The damage is irreversible due to the nature of the mineral industry and the type of agricultural use that has drained the water.

1. Which are you required to visit without shoes?

A．The Great Wall, China.

B．Pamukkale, Turkey.

C．Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

D．The Dead Sea, Jordan.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A．Main reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall come from wind and rain erosion.

B．Pamukkale was damaged by human activities after 1988.

C．Pollution and the heat waves caused by global warming kill much coral in the Great Barrier Reef.

D．Half of the Dead Sea surface area has disappeared in the past two decades.

3. What do the above spots have in common?

A．They are all famous endangered natural spots.

B．They’re damaged only from human activities.

C．They all draw the attention of the governments.

D．They’re all seriously damaged.

7 . Blue Planet II’s latest episode focuses on how plastic is having a disastrous effect on the ocean and slowly poisoning our sea creatures. Researchers recently also found that sea creatures living in the deepest place on Earth, the Mariana Trench, have plastic in their stomachs. Indeed, the oceans are drowning in plastic.

Though it seems now that the world couldn’t possibly function without plastics, consumer plastics are a remarkably recent invention. The first plastic bags were introduced in the 1950s;   the same decade that plastic packaging began gaining in popularity in the United States. This growth has happened so fast that science is still catching up with the change. Plastics pollution research, for instance, is still a very early science.

We put all these plastics into the environment and we still don’t really know what the outcomes are going to be. What we do know, though, is disturbing. Ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. One in three leatherback turtles, which often mistake plastic bags for jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating plastics on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.

And it’s not just wildlife that is threatened by the plastics in our seas. Humans are consuming plastics through the seafood we eat. I could understand why some people see ocean plastic as a disaster, worth mentioning to the same degree as climate change. But ocean plastic is not as complicated as climate change. There are no ocean trash deniers (否认者), at least so far. To do something about it, we don’t have to remake our planet energy system.

This is not a problem where we don’t know what the solution is. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to dispose (处理) of it. We know how to recycle. We can all start by thinking twice before we use single-use plastic products. Things that may seem ordinary, like using a reusable bottle or a reusable bag----when taken collectively, these choices really do make a difference.

1. Why is plastics pollution research still a very early science?

A．The plastics pollution research is too difficult.

B．Plastics have produced less pollution than coal.

C．The world couldn’t possibly function without plastics.

D．Plastics have gained in popularity too fast for science to catch up.

2. How did the author support his opinion in Paragraph 3?

A．By statistics.

B．By quotations from leading experts.

C．By using examples from his own experience.

D．By comparison and contrast.

3. What can we infer about climate change?

A．Climate change is caused by human activities.

B．Some people hold some doubts about climate change.

C．Climate change is less important than ocean pollution.

D．Ocean plastic is more complicated than climate change.

4. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Ocean plastic is a global issue.

B．The oceans become choked with plastic.

C．Blue Planet II has left viewers heartbroken.

D．Plastics gain in popularity all over the world

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country     1    （grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over     2     past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

A taste for meat is     3     (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice     4     (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water     5     rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased     6     (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.

According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total     7     (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government     8     (start) a soil-testing program     9     gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while     10     (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.