1 . From Dec 7 to 19, delegates from around the world met at the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (also known as COP15), in Montreal, Canada. After two weeks of intense debate at COP15, delegates agreed on Dec 19 to adopt a landmark plan to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030. “Finally, we reached our destiny. We adopted the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework,” Huang Runqiu, COP15 president and China’s minister of ecology and environment, announced on Dec 19.

The new framework is a commitment by 196 parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity to conserve at least 30 percent of the Earth’s land and ocean area by the next decade. It also will increase the expected annual financial assistance from developed countries through 2030 to help developing nations with biodiversity protection.

The aim of COP15 is to ensure biodiversity loss is changed by 2030, and that humans are able to live in harmony with nature by 2050.To realize these objectives can be very challenging. At COP10 in Nagoya, Japan in 2010, the parties agreed on the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets (爱知生物多样性目标). But, as of now, none of the 20 objectives has been fully realized.

It is important to turn consensus into effective actions. Yet, as recent talks have shown, an aspect of effective international action on stopping climate change is the cooperation of developed countries. Developed countries, however, have fallen short of their responsibility as they have failed to fulfill the obligations according to the COP convention to provide funding and technology to poorer nations who lack the means to combat climate change.

To solve this problem, the framework creates a new biodiversity fund within the UN’s existing Global Environment Facility. This came about as a compromise between developing nations, which wanted a new fund, and developed countries, which did not. In addition, a global youth initiative (倡议) was also released, hoping young people to be leaders and advocates for biodiversity conservation.

1. What is the aim of COP15?

A．To save at least 30 percent of the Earth’s land and ocean area by next decade.

B．To stop biodiversity loss and promote harmony between man and nature.

C．To strengthen the cooperation between developed and developing countries

D．To provide funding and technology to poorer nations to fight climate change.

2. Why is COP10 mentioned in the passage?

A．To show the parties didn’t fulfill the obligation

B．To show the objectives were too high to realize

C．To show it is difficult to realize the objectives of COP 15

D．To show Japan didn’t hold the meeting successfully.

3. What does the underlined word “consensus” mean in paragraph 4?

A．Statistic.

B．Emotion.

C．Intervention.

D．Agreement.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．International cooperation is important.

B．A new framework is made in the COP15.

C．Joint efforts are needed to fight climate change.

D．Historic COP 15 deals are released on biodiversity.

2 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Melati and Isabel deeply love their home on the island, surrounded by tropical rain forests, green fields, and a vast ocean. Enjoying a swim at their local beach was once a daily pleasure for them. But when Melati was fifteen, and Isabel just ten, the sisters started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters near their borne. More often than not, plastic bags would be around them as they swam and some were scattered on the beach. They got really upset about that.

Melati didn’t think much about it until one day her teacher gave a lesson on some world heroes. Each of those people had sparked movements of positive changes in the world. They believed in the impact they could have and they did inspire more people to do something meaningful. After school, Melati walked home slowly in silence, concerned about the vast amount of plastic rubbish on the beach. The heroes crossed her mind. If they could do it, we could do it too, she thought. The idea lit her up. She couldn’t wait to share what she thought with Isabel and quickened her pace.

“So many plastic bags around! The beach is dirty and messy! It’s so terrible! We have lost the clean and beautiful beach. Can’t we do something to get it back?” Melati said heartily. Isabel felt a bit puzzled at what to do, but she also had a strong desire to do something. Picturing a beach as fascinating as before in mind, the pair jumped with joy.

They talked a lot, anxious to know how Dad and Mom would respond to their ideas. That night when the family sat by the dinner table, the sisters eagerly got their ideas across. While Mom and Dad listened to the girls carefully, their eyes shone. “How amazing that would be! We are so proud of you!” Dad exclaimed. Mom came up, gave them a thumb up and hugged the sisters.

注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Melati and Isabel decided to make a positive impact straight away.

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One month later, Melati received a call from the local newspaper.

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4 . Roads and railways have made it easy for people to travel around the UK, but have had the precisely opposite effect for insects. Alongside housing developments, transport infrastructure (基础设施) has separated insect habitats, leaving many pollinators (传粉昆虫) stuck on decreasing islands of biodiversity.

A new conservation project aims to address that by creating a network of wildflower superhighways across the UK. The B-Lines network aims to join the dots between meadow habitats, enabling pollinators and other wildlife to move freely between them. Ten years in the making, the B-Lines initiative was launched by the insect charity Buglife on Tuesday and has already generated interest from unexpected quarters. “After the launch, some house builders rang up asking how they could include the network into house building, so it could have a really positive effect,” said Buglife’s Paul Hetherington.

Buglife has spent the last decade mapping potential routes for the insect superhighway. Hetherington said the proposed highway could give the UK’s weak insects a boost and a route out of habitats that become too hot due to the climate crisis and it can make a huge difference in easing declines. “The things that have really hammered pollinators are habitat loss, loss of connectivity of habitat, climate change and pesticides—this deals with everything except pesticides,” said Hetherington.

The B-lines network is not just a concept. Pilot sections have already been completed, including the South Wales B-Lines near Cardiff. “Since that was done, there have been recordings of one of our rarest bees in Cardiff town centre, which shows this connectivity can work,” said Hetherington. And in Norwich, Buglife has been working with Network Rail to plant wildflowers along the track. Anyone living along the proposed route can get involved in the project. All they need to do is let their lawns grow, or even just create a small herb garden, which Hetherington likened to creating a “motorway service station for bees”.

1. What can we learn about the B-Lines network from paragraph 2?

A．It will separate insect habitats.	B．It can help insects to pollinate.
C．It is still being planned now.	D．It hasn’t caused any attention.

2. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．The last decade.

B．The superhighway.

C．The climate crisis.

D．The decline.

3. How can people in Norwich participate in the project?

A．By recording the tracks of bees.	B．By cooperating with Network Rail.
C．By planting herbs in their own gardens.	D．By creating a motorway service station.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Roads and railways have caused bad effect on insects.

B．Transport infrastructure prevents housing developments.

C．Pollinators are stuck on decreasing islands of biodiversity.

D．Conservationists are creating “superhighways” for insects.

5 .     1     They create carbon dioxide and shade. They provide shelter to animals and insects. The wood they provide is used for buildings and other products we humans use and need.

Trees are so important that some people have made it their goal to protect them. We can call these people ‌“tree hugger”. It describes people who support the protection of forests. Today, the term ‌“tree hugger” describes a person who is an environmentalist.     2     For example, someone who wants to save a rare butterfly species or cut greenhouse gases could also be described as a tree hugger.

However, calling someone a ‌“tree hugger” is not always seen as a praise.     3     ‌“Tree hugger” described someone who was overly concerned about protecting trees, animals and other parts of the natural world.

Some tree huggers do go to extremes to protect trees. Take, for example, an American woman named Julia Lorraine Hill. For 738 days from December 10, 1997 and December 18, 1999, Hill lived in Luna, a Redwood tree in northern California’s Humboldt County. Luna is huge, measuring nearly 61 meters tall and about 12 meters across, which has stood in Humboldt County for more than 1,000 years.     4     So, Hill did what any extreme tree hugger would—she moved in! As the website explains, Hill’s main goal was ‌“to bring international attention to the importance of protecting and restoring natural resources.” So, we can safely call Hill a tree hugger.     5    

A．Trees give so much to the world.

B．Human beings should all protect trees.

C．In earlier times, in fact, it was used as an insult(辱骂).

D．And I’m sure that she would consider that the highest of praises.

E．They want to protect nature and the environment - but not just the trees.

F．Nowadays, the environmental problems are more serious than in the history.

G．But that did not stop the Pacific Lumber Company from wanting to cut it down.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

For those consuming Asian food, using chopsticks     1    (be) almost second nature. About 20 to 33 percent of people in the world use chopsticks     2     a daily basis. Not all of those are disposable (一次性的),     3     no doubt many are.

Felix Böck, a student at the University of British Columbia, was eager to find a way to recycle wood from construction projects, and he had a particular interest in bamboo. One day he found a drawer in his friend’s house     4    (fill) with disposable bamboo chopsticks, and an idea hit him.

He decided to give     5     second life to disposable chopsticks by making them into home     6    (decoration) or other accessories (配件). He told the idea to restaurant owners,     7    (convince) them to install recycling bins in their restaurants. He cleaned the chopsticks, pressed them into square pieces and coated them with glue. The square pieces were then     8    (creative) arranged into household and office products. Böck’s company, called Chop Value, has repurposed chopsticks into desktops, cutting boards and even table games.

Since 2016 when the company     9    (found), Chop Value has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills. Instead of an economy of the typical take-make-dispose model, Chop Value seeks to create one     10     transforms waste into a usable resource.

7 . Earth Day is April 22. Every year, people around the world observe the day by helping to care for the environment. They carry out all kinds of activities in an effort to better the planet’s heath.

One way to support this goal is to grow plants native to your area. This helps wildlife like birds and insects that evolved alongside native plants. For many of these animals, plant pollen (花粉) is their food. Native pollinators often cannot recognize non-native plants as food. This means they do not collect the pollen or spread plants’ seeds. Planting non-native species creates so-called “food deserts” for pollinators including bees, birds, bats, butterflies and more.

Doug Taamy is a professor of entomology at the University of Delaware. Entomology is the study of insects. He found that non-native plant species can harm the natural food chain, which can lead to a collapse of the environment. “Plant choice matters,” he said. “The plants we choose to landscape our properties should be determined by how much life can live there.”

Humans depend strongly on insects. Without them, we would have no flowering plants, which would harm the food web that supports important animals. Birds, for example, depend on plants for food and spread their seeds while keeping the populations of harmful insects down.

Insects support plants that provide oxygen, clean our water, capture carbon and add nutrients to the soil. That builds topsoil and prevents flooding. Without insects, the biosphere — the living parts of the Earth — would rot because of the loss of insect decomposers. Humans simply could not survive that, Tallamy said.

In addition to providing food and habitat for insects and other wildlife, native plants are able to grow easily and do not require much care. That means less watering and less fertilizing. The situation is a win-win for gardeners and pollinators.

1. Which section of a website is the text probably taken from?

A．Around the globe.	B．Technology report.
C．The secret of nature.	D．Healthy Lifestyle.

2. Why should we avoid planting non-native species?

A．They attract more insects.	B．They do harm to native plants.
C．They turn soil into desert.	D．They break the balance of nature.

3. In what aspect are native plants superior to non-native plants?

A．They produce more oxygen.	B．They prevent flooding more effectively.
C．They need less care.	D．They add more nutrients to the soil.

4. What does the author advise us to do?

A．Take effective measures to protect insects.

B．Raise environmental awareness on Earth Day.

C．Make great effort to better the planet's health.

D．Plant native plants to support local environment.

8 . A tsunami is a series of huge waves that can kill many people and destroy a whole country. A terrible tsunami disaster happened on December 26, 2004.     1     It is said that it might not be the worst and a future tsunami in the Indian Ocean could affect Singapore, Somalia, Western Australia, and many other places.

The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese words. A tsunami can be caused by natural phenomenon such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, large asteroid impacts (小行星撞击地球), and earthquakes occurring underwater or close to a body of water.     2    

A tsunami usually cannot be seen while it travels through deep water.     3     On December 26, 2004, some people saw the sea suddenly disappeared just before the waves came and knew that something was wrong. Some people managed to run fast from it and survived, but many people, who did not see any signs or did not run fast enough, died.

    4     If you are in a coastal area where the water suddenly draws back, the only chance of survival is to run for high ground or for the high floors of high-rise buildings. But because it moves too fast for people to run from it, only those who are lucky manage to survive.

Since the tsunami of 2004, many people know more about tsunami.     5    

A．The event forced officials to develop a better tsunami warning system.

B．It could also be caused by nuclear weapons that are exploded at sea.

C．It travels fast underwater, sometimes up to about 1,000 kilometers per hour.

D．The next time a tsunami strikes, hopefully more people will be able to survive.

E．Tsunami is a Japanese word for a harmful ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake.

F．As a tsunami gets close to the shore, it becomes a series of waves up to 150 meters high.

G．On that day, a huge tsunami swept through the Indian Ocean killing about 300,000 people.

9 . “What if we treat the ocean as if our lives depend on it? Or, what if we don’t?” World-famous marine biologist Sylvia Earle poses her famous “what if” questions to inspire people to reflect on how they can help save the ocean. In 1998, Time magazine named Earle its first “Hero for the Planet.”

Earle’s move to Florida’s west coast at age 12 is what started a lifelong passion. She says, “That’s where I first fell in love with the ocean.” In 1953, using newly developed equipment, the young scientist became one of the first in her field to scuba dive (水肺潜水). Her first long-term exposure to the ocean depths came in 1970 when she led an all-female research team to study the ocean. They lived under the sea in a submersible (潜水器) for two weeks. When they returned to the surface, world-wide cheer and praise were waiting, especially for Dr. Earle.

Sylvia Earle’s career includes many firsts. In 1979 she became the first woman to walk the ocean floor 381 meters below the surface. In 1990, she became the first female chief scientist of the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

Through the years, Earle has spent roughly 7,500 hours underwater. During that time, she has become increasingly alarmed by the significant changes she has observed.

The famous scientist fears that the ocean is dying. Climate change, overfishing, the dumping of trash and chemicals and oil spills are just some of the many causes. In order to tackle the problem, Earle formed Mission Blue in 2009. This organization promotes the legal protection and conservation of the world’s oceans. Her plan is to develop “Hope Spots,” protected areas large enough to reverse (逆转) damage and restore the ocean.

1. Why does Sylvia Earle put forward “what if” questions?

A．To call on people to protect the ocean.

B．To stress our dependence on the ocean.

C．To criticize people’s damage to the ocean.

D．To contribute an article to Time magazine.

2. What can we learn about Sylvia Earle?

A．She moved to Florida to learn diving.

B．She was the best in scuba diving.

C．She did not get much attention in 1970.

D．She became a chief scientist of NOAA in 1990.

3. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A．Scientists’ fears.	B．Causes of the damage.
C．Efforts Earle made.	D．Bright future for the ocean.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Dr. Sylvia Earle — A Lover of Diving

B．Dr. Sylvia Earle — Pioneer of the Deep

C．The Ocean — A place in Urgent Need of Our Care

D．Scuba Diving — A Fantastic Way to Learn the Ocean

10 . A Ghanaian man in Africa, who once made glass jewelry (珠宝), is now focusing on more than _________. The glass artist is reducing glass waste and helping his country both economically and _________.

Tetteh got to _________ the art of glass blowing (吹制) during a visit to Europe in 2012, then he became the nation’s only professional glass blower. Later, the beautifully-colored, artistic flower holders or water carriers really _________ him.

Why not _________ more Ghanaian people to make art pieces from glass? With efforts, Tetteh set up his own workplaces in Ghana where, every day, they _________ broken glass from waste centers and turns it into _________ for family use and decoration. Largely _________, after all, Ghana buys about $300 million yearly worth of glass and pottery from other countries.

Tetteh melts the _________ glass from old televisions or bottles and turns the old glass into hot liquid. Using a long pole to remove a ball of melted glass, he starts working to ____________ the glass into colorful items people can use again. Actually, In the past ten years, Tetteh’s ____________ has not only saved the country a lot of money but got the country ____________.

Tetteh, now 44, loves what he is doing. “Glass is my ____________, but Ghana is my heart,” he laughed, ____________ to do something for his country ____________.

1.

A．efforts

B．skills

C．family

D．usage

2.

A．environmentally

B．emotionally

C．practically

D．physically

3.

A．refer to

B．learn

C．admire

D．apply

4.

A．affected

B．changed

C．inspired

D．confused

5.

A．train

B．allow

C．attract

D．follow

6.

A．produce

B．introduce

C．improve

D．collect

7.

A．reality

B．art

C．truth

D．money

8.

A．poor

B．dependent

C．unnoticed

D．wild

9.

A．changeable

B．colorful

C．harmful

D．abandoned

10.

A．mix

B．put

C．shape

D．beat

11.

A．patience

B．devotion

C．invention

D．payment

12.

A．happier

B．simpler

C．cleaner

D．safer

13.

A．dream

B．profession

C．choice

D．decision

14.

A．proud

B．struggling

C．anxious

D．trying

15.

A．at risk

B．in danger

C．by chance

D．in need