1 . Canada’s new Dark Vessel Detection program is using advanced satellite technology to find illegal fishing ships that attempt to steal fish from waters around the world. Illegal fishing is a major contributor to the decrease of fish and their habitat destruction.
It is said that illegal fishing accounts for about 30 percent of fishing activity worldwide. It means that u to 26 million tons of fish are caught at a cost to the global economy of more than $ 23 billion a year. Illegal fishing occurs both on the high seas and within the 200 mile limits of coastal states. It has an especially negative effect on coastal populations in undeveloped areas.
Now, the government’s Fisheries and Oceans Canada, in partnership with the Department of National Defense and MDA (Canada’s space technology maker), has started a new program that has already led to fines on five foreign ships. The $7 million Dark Vessel Detection program uses satellite technology to locate and track ships. Some illegal fishing ships have switched off their location transmitting (传输) equipment, in an attempt to avoid surveillance (监视) and control.
The program offers state-of- the-art satellite data to small island nations and coastal states around the world. The local economies of those places are often influenced by illegal fishing. Finding illegal fishing ships from space will allow these small island nations to focus on their investigations and protect their fish.
“Illegal fishing threatens the health of our fish population and takes resources (资源) away from hard- working, legal fishermen,” said Bernadette Jordan, the Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, “This state -of the art system will help Ecuador and small island nations in the Pacific region deal with illegal fishing. Such illegal activity will do great harm to the Galapagos Islands and the food and economic security of its people,” she added.
1. What is the purpose of Canada’s new Dark Vessel Detection program?| A．To prevent sea pollution. | B．To assess the loss of fish farms. |
| C．To observe endangered fish species. | D．To protect the fish population worldwide. |
| A．The difficulties of undeveloped countries. | B．The slowdown in the global economy. |
| C．The seriousness of illegal fishing. | D．The general result of overfishing. |
| A．By speeding up their ships. | B．By finding remote fishing areas. |
| C．By hiding signals of their ships. | D．By fishing in the middle of the night. |
| A．Island nations tend to suffer food shortages. |
| B．The interests of legal fishermen are threatened. |
| C．The tracking system will be applied to more fields. |
| D．Stricter laws will be made for the fishing industry. |
Millions of migratory(有迁居习惯的) birds start arriving at the Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve in Dongying, Shandong province, in mid-October. They rest in the wetlands, feeding on a rich variety of food such as fish, shrimps and grain to build their
Zhao Yajie, 34, is a member of the team patrolling the wetlands every day
Information gathered on the birds’ habits helps Zhao and her colleagues create a better environment for them. To ensure these
Over the past seven years, Zhao
In her spare time, Zhao gives speeches to students
Ecotourism is the opposite of mass tourism. People travel to remote areas and visit faraway places without destroying the environment.Ecotourism is intended
Ecotourism makes people recognize how beautiful the land and the countryside are. Local tour guides show
Ecotourism started out in the 1980s as an alternative to mass tourism. Today it is one of the
4 . Mobile Bay in Alabama is home to a strange and unique occurrence. During the summer months, hundreds of fish and crustaceans (甲壳纲动物) from the deep waters of the bay move to the shallow waters. The free seafood is so plentiful and easy to catch with nets or bare hands that locals gather to fill their buckets with it. This natural phenomenon has existed for centuries.
Sarah Van Winkle, a student at the Alabama School of Math & Science, is no stranger to the scene. Growing up there, the rich plants and animals never stop to amaze her.
As the world’s oceans face numerous issues such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction, she intended to figure out whether Mobile Bay was experiencing similar environmental threats in her most recent science project. Sarah studied the environment of Mobile Bay and she even extended the range of the research to the Mobile Tensaw-Delta, and the canals of a living district in Fairhope, Alabama. She analyzed key nutrient and metal levels in the ocean ecosystem.
Through the project, Sarah found that turbidity, an important indicator of water quality, increased sharply. This result showed, clearly that the area is filled with tiny pieces of matter, making the water there quite opaque.
For the project. Sarah was chosen as one of this year’s 24 Society for Science & the Public Community Innovation Award winners. “To me, this honor symbolizes that the ten months of late night readings, weekend field trips, and after-school sessions in the laboratory have truly come to fruition and impacted lives,” Sarah noted.
“Our local ocean ecosystem is in danger of chemical pollution from a variety of sources,” Sarah explained in an interview. “The bay plays a vital role in our community and every local should value what the bay offers. It’s our responsibility to work together to preserve it.”
1. What’s the unusual scene in Mobile Bay in summer months?| A．The water’s becoming shallow and clear. | B．The decline of the natural environment. |
| C．The flood of seafood into shallow waters. | D．The locals’ growing interest in fishing with buckets. |
| A．Fresh. | B．Cloudy. | C．Clear. | D．Shallow. |
| A．Hard work pays off. | B．Time waits for no man. |
| C．Practice makes perfect. | D．Failure is the mother of success. |
| A．The focus of her future work. | B．Her concern for the local people. |
| C．The complexity of the local ocean system. | D．Her expectation of protecting the bay. |
5 . Doing your laundry with cold water can help save the planet, and maybe save you some money along the way. That’s the message from Tide in a newly launched campaign to decarbonize laundry. The goal is for consumers in North America to do three out of every four loads of laundry with cold water instead of hot by 2030, up from about half today. That would eliminate the power consumption required to heat cold water.
If this goal is met, it will have the same impact on greenhouse gas emissions as removing about a million cars from the road for a year. “There is no tradeoff. You will save 150 a year in energy costs, your garments will last longer. And by the way, you’re helping to save the planet,” Shailesh Jejurikar, CEO of Procter & Gamble’s fabric and home care division, said in an interview. “It’s a beautiful win-win-win if we get this right.”
“This is going to be the defining decades for where we end up on climate change,” Jejurikar said. “If we don’t get this situation under control in the coming years, we are going to pay the price. There is a need to act now.” Beyond its focus on cold-water washing, Tide set a new goal of cutting greenhouse gas emissions at its factories in half by 2030. That’s in addition to the progress it already has made cutting emissions by three-quarters over the past decade as the brand adopted 100% renewable energy at its manufacturing plants. Tide also plans to reduce its carbon footprint by using 100% recyclable packaging for all products by 2030 and by teaming up with Silicon Valley startup Opus12 to capture carbon from its factories.
Jejurikar said P&G does want to get to zero emissions in its factories, but added that how people use Tide products has 10 times more impact than what happens in its plants. “We are trying to give them chance to take their ordinary daily actions, and make them have an extraordinary impact,” Jejurikar said.
1. What can we learn from the passage?| A．We need to heat cold water before laundry. |
| B．Tide will remove a million cars from the road. |
| C．Hot water laundry could save energy and protect the planet. |
| D．Cold water laundry might increase by a quarter in North America. |
| A．advantage. | B．need. | C．hesitation. | D．emission. |
| A．Advertising for its new products. |
| B．Using 100% recyclable packaging for all products. |
| C．Adopting completely renewable energy in its factories. |
| D．Cooperating with a new High-Tech company to recycle carbon. |
| A．Cold Water Laundry—An Eco-friendly Campaign |
| B．Advanced Technology Being Applied to Cars |
| C．The Vital Decades for Climate Change |
| D．Cutting Emission to Protect Our Planet |
6 . Kamikatsu, a small town in Japan, has shown the world that our garbage has far-reaching effects, and not just on our environment.
The experiment in going zero waste started when the town built a new incinerator 20 years ago. But almost immediately, the incinerator was determined to be a health risk due to the poisonous gases when garbage was burned in it. It was too expensive to send waste to other towns, so locals had to come up with a new plan. Then the Zero Waste Academy was born, which helped perform this plan.
Now Kamikatsu people separate their waste into 45 different categories. But in the beginning, it wasn't easy to convince local people to do all this work, and there was some pushback. Only after that initial education period did most residents come on board.
This is all great news for waste reduction of course, but it has also had some unexpected social benefits as well. Like much of Japan, Kamikatsu's population is aging, and about 50 percent of the locals are elderly. The fact that the whole community takes their trash in to be recycled has created a local action and interaction between generations.
That idea has been purposefully expanded to include a circular shop where household goods are dropped off and others can take them, and a tableware "library" where people can borrow extra cups, glasses, silverware and plates for celebrations.
"The elderly see this not as a waste-collection service, but an opportunity to socialize with the younger generation and to chat. When we visit them, they prepare lots of food and we stay with them for a while, we ask how they are," Sakano, the founder of the Zero Waste Academy, said.
Sakano's ideas are truly revolutionary if you think about it. She's proving that community can be found through handling the stuff we no longer want and need.
1. What is mainly talked about in paragraph 2?| A．What harmful effects garbage burning has. |
| B．Why garbage sorting is necessary in Japan. |
| C．How the idea of zero waste was put forward. |
| D．What the Zero Waste Academy functions as. |
| A．Inactive response. | B．Generous reward. |
| C．Bitter suffering. | D．Beneficial guidance. |
| A．Reducing waste. | B．Creating community. |
| C．Increasing people's income. | D．Developing a new technology. |
| A．Technology. | B．Health. | C．Workplace. | D．Lifestyle. |
1. 对该同学表示关心。
2. 向其提供一些帮助，如捐助和补习。
3. 表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
注意：
1. 词数80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3. 开头已给，不计入词数。
Dear Li Lei,
We’re so sorry to hear that a severe Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
8 . It is important to learn how to protect our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us:
Reduce: If you want to reduce the waste, you should use things wisely. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses paper wastefully, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don’t know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste.
Reuse: You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them away. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
Recycle: Bottles, cans and paper cups can be easily recycled. By doing so, we can save lots of money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed (粉碎) and melted and the metal things are made for new coke cans.
Recover: When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten ones, you have two choices: one is to throw the whole apple away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and eat the good parts.
Repair: If one of the legs of your table is broken, you can repair it. If you want to change for better ones, it is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after repairing them. It is true that North America is a “throw away” society, but the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best.
1. The “Reduce” rule mainly require us ________.| A．to use things wisely | B．to cut down many trees |
| C．to use a lot of paper | D．to throw away our old clothes |
| A．throwing them away |
| B．giving them to the poor |
| C．passing them on to younger brothers or sisters |
| D．both B and C |
①melt them ②collect the used cans
③smash them flat ④send them to a factory
| A．①②③④ | B．①④③② | C．②④③① | D．③①②④ |
| A．to cover waste things with earth | B．to throw the whole things away |
| C．to throw waste things away | D．to get back the useful parts |
| A．selling them | B．putting them away |
| C．repairing them | D．throwing them away |
9 . Think of the many different ways you enjoy fish or other seafood: steaming fish ball soup, grilled salmon, boiled shrimp and more. Now think about not having this delicious food because of no more fish and seafood. You would likely miss them a lot, and not just you. Nearly half of the world’s population relies on seafood as a major source of protein.
Harvesting fish and other sea life isn’t bad for the ocean, but harvesting it faster than it can recover is. This is called overfishing, and the number of overfished wild stocks has tripled in the past 50 years. Overfishing affects not only a food source but many economies. Many businesses and jobs depend on fishing for their livelihoods. When fish stocks shrink, people lose their means of supporting themselves and their families. Worldwide, fishing is US $362 billion business. Over 4 million fishing boats sail the waters of the world. Many boats are becoming increasingly efficient, which increases overfishing.
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN, one third of the world’s fisheries are being pushed beyond their natural limits. Overfishing goes hand in hand with bycatch (误捕的鱼). This means unwanted sea life is captured along with the desired catch and is thrown away. Thus, billions of fish along with seabirds, sea turtles and millions of sharks are lost.
The Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) has been working with scientists, fisheries and seafood producers for over 20 years. They have developed standards promoting sustainable fishing. When fisheries meet MSC’s standards, the oceans and those who make a living from them are protected. Around 15 percent of wild-capture fisheries are now MSC certified. And Fishery Improvement Projects (FIPS) in many countries are working to increase that percentage.
What can you do? Look for MSC’s blue fish label, which appears on over 30,000 products and menus in almost 100 countries. Buying a product with this label means you’re supporting a fishery that is contributing to healthier oceans.
1. Which of the following opinions will the author favor?| A．We need to develop more fish recipes. |
| B．Many people consider seafood as nutritious. |
| C．You can never eat fish and other seafood too much. |
| D．It’s great to treat your friends to tasty seafood. |
| A．Many people live by fishing. |
| B．Overfishing isn’t always bad for the ocean. |
| C．Fishing economies are picking up soon. |
| D．Many boats have no fish to catch. |
| A．Bycatch is thrown back. |
| B．More investment is put in fisheries. |
| C．All the countries are called on to conserve the ocean. |
| D．Some requirements for green fishing are made. |
| A．Buying the seafood with MSC’s certification. |
| B．Looking for MSC’s blue fish label worldwide. |
| C．Making contributions to fishing in eco-friendly environment. |
| D．Predicting about the oceans and the fish for years to come. |
10 . The conclusion of the Paris Agreement in 2015，in which almost every nation committed to reduce their carbon emissions(排放)，was supposed to be a turning point in the fight against climate change.But many countries have already fallen behind their goals.Meanwhile emissions worldwide continue to rise.
The only way to catch up is to aggressively pursue an approach that takes advantage of every possible strategy to reduce emissions.Wind and solar energy are usually part of this effort，but it must also include investing heavily in carbon capture(碳捕捉)，utilization(应用)and storage(CCUS)—a range of technologies that pull carbon dioxide from the air，and transform it into useful materials or store it underground.Although CCUS has been opposed as too expensive and unproved，recent gains have made it far more effective.Improvements such as chemical compounds could drive the cost down from $1 00 per ton of captured carbon in 20 16 to $ 20 per ton by 2025，according to a 2016 article in Science.
Three primary CCUS paths lead to the reduction of carbon emissions:retrofitting(改装)existing power plants；reducing emissions in industries that cannot run on renewable energy；and directly removing carbon from the air.Cutting emissions from existing electric power stations with CCUS could be made more appealing in a future with a circular carbon economy，in which captured carbon could be resold and recycled for other uses——for instance，serving as a raw material for making concrete or plastics.
The basic idea of carbon capture has faced a lot of opposition.Skepticism has come from climate change deniers，who see it as a waste of money，and from passionate supporters of climate action, who fear that it would be used to justify continued reliance on fossil fuels.Both groups are ignoring the recent advances and the opportunity they present.By limiting investment in decarbonization，the world will miss a major avenue for reducing emissions in a variety of industries.CCUS can also create jobs and profits from what was previously only a waste material by creating a larger economy around carbon.
The transition to clean energy has become necessary.But that transition’s ability to achieve deep decarbonization will become less effective without this wide range of solutions，which must include CCUS.
1. What can CCUS technologies do in reducing emissions?| A．Closing down existing power plants. |
| B．Limiting investment in heavy industry. |
| C．Processing raw materials underground. |
| D．Turning carbon dioxide into useful materials. |
| A．It can remove carbon directly from the air. |
| B．It can benefit the industry economically. |
| C．It is the most affordable way to capture carbon. |
| D．It helps power plants produce concrete or plastics. |
| A．Fossil fuels will be no longer used in future. |
| B．Investing in decarbonization is a worthwhile project. |
| C．Climate change deniers believe in the necessity of decarbonization. |
| D．Little progress has been made in the fight against carbon emissions. |
| A．Capture That Carbon | B．Let Carbon Go |
| C．Stand Firm with Energy Protection | D．Say Goodbye to Energy Crisis |
