1 . Do you know cultivated meat? Typically, making this sort of meat starts with cells from domestic animals. The cells are grown in bioreactors full of nutrient-rich liquid, and then harvested, and eventually become products such as steak or chicken. In a homely kitchen of Eat Just, a startup, a slice of such meat was fried and then served with peppers. The first mouthful of it was extraordinary because the meat was grown in a lab, rather than on an animal. Meanwhile, it was also dull, because the texture, taste, look and smell of the meat was almost identical to that of chicken.

In June, Eat Just and Upside Foods became the first two companies to win regulatory approval to sell cultivated meat in America. A handful of other firms are trying to bring cultivated meat to market. But the hope is fading owing to continued high costs and troubles with mass production.

The UN reports meat and dairy production already accounts for 12% of humanity’s greenhouse-gas emissions. Demand for meat is skyrocketing among the growing middle classes of Africa and Asia. Lab-grown meat could help meet that demand without the world breaking its carbon budget. By contrast, two-fifths of Americans claim to restrict their meat consumption either for ethical (伦理的) reasons or environmental ones. Lab-grown meat may seem less ethically worrisome than eating animals. And the early success of plant-based meat alternatives gave investors hope. Beyond Meat, one such firm, went public in 2019, and saw its value shoot to $14 billion.

Though lab-grown meat offers an alternative to farm-grown meat, questions have been raised about how climate-friendly it can be. A study published earlier this year found that in some circumstances cultivated meat could be more polluting than the conventional stuff because the bioreactor is in great need of power to control its temperature. Consequently, only if renewable energy is used in the production process will cultivated meat cut the carbon footprint of the meat industry.

Whether this effort can make lab-grown meat attractive and cheap enough to attract consumers remains to be seen.

1. What about cultivated meat does the author focus on in paragraph 1?

A．Its characteristics.	B．Its health benefits.
C．Its cooking methods.	D．Its similarities to artificial meat.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 3?

A．Most Americans tend to skip meat.	B．Asians prefer lab-grown meat.
C．Beyond Meat is facing financial collapse.	D．Cultivated meat may have a growing market.

3. What about the lab-grown meat industry affect(s) the environment?

A．Demand for a good climate.	B．Cultivated land occupation.
C．Greenhouse-gas emissions.	D．Use of conventional bioreactors.

4. What’s the author’s attitude to lab-grown meat?

A．Opposed.

B．Favorable.

C．Uncaring.

D．Reserved.

2 . 假如你是李华，你校将举办一次主题为“环保校园，节能从我做起”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇英语演讲稿。内容包括：
1.校园浪费现象：
2.作为学生，我们该如何做；
3.呼吁大家一起行动。
注意：写作词数80左右。开头结尾已给出。

Good morning everyone. I’m Lihua.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thank you.

3 . 课文默写

A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that     1    . The construction of     2     improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of     3     was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government     4     regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and     5    

5 . Gracing every continent of the Earth, wetlands are essential to the planet’s health, often compared to its vital organs, acting as arteries (动脉) that carry water and as kidneys that filter harmful substances.

Wetlands serve as protectors: they form protective barriers against tsunamis and absorb the excess rainfall. During the dry season in dry climates, wetlands release the stored water which helps delay the attack of drought and reduce water shortages. They also store vast quantities of carbon, helping ease climate change. Home to some of the most diverse and rich ecosystems, wetlands support one billion people. 40 percent of all plant and animal species live or breed in wetlands.

World Wetlands Day is observed each year on 2 February to increase people’s understanding of the importance of wetlands and raise awareness of the urgent need to protect the threatened natural treasure.

“We are proud to join in this celebration and recognize the unique and valuable ecosystem services provided by wetlands. We are committed to doing our part to conserve and protect wetlands, and we are calling on all of you to join us in this vital cause,” said UNCCD (The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw.

To date, nearly 90 percent of the world’s wetlands have been degraded or lost, with 35 percent in the last 50 years alone. That is why on this World Wetlands Day, UNCCD is joining the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and other partners to highlight the examples of countries and communities making strides in wetland restoration.

As stressed by the UNCCD Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw, successful wetland restoration requires a joint effort from governments, civil society and the private sector. Investments in science for technology innovation, infrastructure for effective management and financial mechanisms for project implementation (实施) can turn the tide toward a better future for wetlands.

1. How does the author present the current situation of wetlands in paragraph 5?

A．By giving examples.	B．By listing figures.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By analyzing causes.

2. What do the underlined words “turn the tide” mean in paragraph 6?

A．Follow the trend.

B．Break the ice.

C．Run the risk.

D．Change the game.

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．Wetland ecosystem.

B．Wetland restoration.

C．Wetland exploration.

D．Wetland biodiversity.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Earth Day was founded in 1970 as a day of education about environmental problems, and Earth Day 2020     1     (fall) on Wednesday, April 22 — the holiday’s 50th anniversary. The holiday is now a global celebration that’s sometimes extended into Earth Week, a full seven days of events focused on green living.

    2    (elect) to the U. S. Senate (参议院) in 1962, Senator Gaylord Nelson was determined to convince the federal government that the planet was     3     risk. In 1969, Nelson developed the idea for Earth Day after     4     (inspire) by some teaching activities     5     were taking place on college campuses around the United States.

Denis Hayes, a young activist who had served as student president at Stanford University,     6    (select) as Earth Day’s national coordinator (协调者), and he worked with     7     army of student volunteers and several staff members from Nelson’s Senate office     8    (organize) the project.

The first Earth Day was effective at raising     9     (aware) about environmental problems and transforming public attitudes. Earth Day kicked off the “Environmental decade with a bang,” as Senator Nelson later put it. The theme of Earth Day 2020 is “climate action.” EarthDay.org hopes it will be the     10     (large) volunteer event in history.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Global warming could make humans shorter, warn scientists who are said     1     (find) evidence that it caused the world’s first horses to shrink nearly 50 million years ago.

In fact a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the earth     2     (heat) up and the size of mammals—horses. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution (进化) of horses from their earliest     3     (appear) 56 million years ago.

“As temperatures went up,    4     (they) size went down, and vice versa; at one point they were as small as a housecat,” said Dr. Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida Museum of Natural History. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same influence     5     mammals — and could even make humans     6     (small).

Horses    7     (start) out small, about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer.     8     is surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then     9     (drama) increased in size, and that exactly agrees with the global warming event. “It had been known that mammals were small when it was warm,     10     we hadn’t understood that the temperature really was driving the evolution of body size,” Dr. Bloch said in the Science journal.

9 . 假定你是校英语社团负责人，计划组织“环保宣传进社区（Go into Communities for Environmental Protection）”活动。请你写一个活动策划方案。内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
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10 . US forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, suggesting that forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it, a new Agriculture Department report says.

US forests currently absorb 11 percent of US carbon emissions (释放), equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants. The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying (腐烂) trees go beyond their carbon absorption.

The prediction suggests that this will require the US to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero, according to Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science. “Eleven percent of our domestic emissions. That is a really significant portion,” Riley said. “As we work to decarbonize... forests are one of the greatest tools available. If we were to lose that, it means the US will contribute that much more” in emissions. The report also assesses and predicts the extent of renewable resources provided by the nation’s forests and undeveloped landscapes, including farmlands, wetlands and grasslands.

According to the report, the loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. Development in forested areas, which the report predicts will continue to increase, is having the same effect as people increasingly move to the so-called wildland urban areas. Aging forests also contribute as older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and the US forests are rapidly aging.

More aggressive forest management can help by cutting down a small portion of aging forests to make ways for younger trees that absorb more carbon. A thorough study of each forest should be done before removing older trees, Riley said.

1. Why could US forests become a “substantial carbon source”?

A．They fail to absorb enough carbon.	B．They begin to emit carbon increasingly.
C．They may emit more carbon than absorb.	D．Mature trees outnumber young trees.

2. Which of the following may Lynn Riley agree with?

A．US forests have lost their role in carbon absorption.

B．It is urgent for the US to reduce carbon emissions.

C．The US has contributed to 11% carbon emissions.

D．The loss of forests contributes to less carbon emissions.

3. What leads to the loss of carbon absorption?

A．Improper tree species.	B．Removal of aging trees.
C．Decreasing urban development.	D．Frequent severe natural disasters.

4. Which could be a suitable title for the text?

A．Aging Forests —a Major Emitter of Carbon.

B．Growing Forests —a Solution to Carbon Emissions.

C．Reducing Forests —a Threat to Global Warming.

D．Decaying Forests —a Consequence of Global Warming.