1 . Imagine an area 34 times the size of Manhattan. Now imagine it being covered by ankle-deep plastic waste. That’s a total of about 19 billion pounds of _______. And according to the estimates available, that’s the amount of plastic waste _______ in our oceans every year.

“We’re being _______ by our waste,” said Jenna Jambeck, a(n) _______ engineer who led the 2015 study that announced this shocking number. According to Jambeck’s research, this _______ will double by 2025 unless something is done, _______ and on a global scale, to stop the tide of garbage.

Plastic has in many ways been helpful to us, used in all walks of _______ from medicine to education. But some of the very traits (特性) that have made plastics so popular also made them a _______ problem in our landfills and oceans. Today, plastics are the No.1 type of trash found in the sea. Ocean Conservancy, a nonprofit environmental group that organizes a yearly _______ cleanup event in more than 150 countries worldwide, says plastic pieces make up around 85 percent of all the garbage collected from beaches, waterways and oceans-and that’s just the stuff we can ________

Ocean Conservancy says plastics are believed to ________ at least 600 different wildlife species. One in three leatherback turtles, which often ________ plastic bags for edible jellyfish, have been found with plastic in their bellies (肚子). In 2017, a ________ whale beached on Norway’s coast had 30 plastic bags in its stomach. Ninety percent of seabirds are now eating ________ on a regular basis. By 2050, that figure is expected to rise to 100 percent.

And it’s not just wildlife that’s threatened by the plastics in seas. A growing body of evidence suggests we humans are consuming plastics through the seafood. With this in mind, experts say that all of us have a ________ role to play in relieving the issue.

1.

A．seaweed

B．garbage

C．seafood

D．money

2.

A．coming from

B．taking out

C．ending up

D．putting away

3.

A．fascinated

B．controlled

C．surrounded

D．destroyed

4.

A．medical

B．electrical

C．agricultural

D．environmental

5.

A．figure

B．waste

C．price

D．cost

6.

A．quickly

B．slowly

C．steadily

D．unexpectedly

7.

A．time

B．education

C．technology

D．life

8.

A．changing

B．growing

C．moving

D．touching

9.

A．scientific

B．coastal

C．general

D．tiny

10.

A．hide

B．eat

C．see

D．use

11.

A．promote

B．rescue

C．increase

D．threaten

12.

A．mistake

B．look

C．regard

D．recognize

13.

A．poisonous

B．deadly

C．dead

D．lively

14.

A．waste

B．rubbish

C．nothing

D．plastics

15.

A．critical

B．tough

C．demanding

D．natural

2 . After a lifetime of bringing nature back, Sir David Attenborough wants us to get out of our comfort zone and help save the natural world. "I think it's terrible that children should _________ without knowing what a tadpole (蝌蚪) is. It is very _________," he says. He sees a very different world: Arctic sea ice has _________ and some of the reefs where he dived are lifeless. His latest film, Daid Attenborough: A Life On Our Planet, highlights the large scale of humanity's impact on _________. He says, the earth is heating up and could possibly _________ sudden catastrophic (灾难性的) disasters. Probably no one else alive has _________ as much of the earth's surface as Attenborough. He warns us that if we don't mind our ways, we will _________ all the life, including ourselves. For so many years, he travelled with just a leather suitcase. His wife would see him off at the airport, _________ knowing when he would return. In 1997, when he was filming a _________ about bird life, his wife suffered a serious illness. He flew to her bedside just in time for her to squeeze his ________ before she died. Afterwards, he __________ himself into his work again. He stressed it was the film crew who spent months capturing footage (片段), not he that should take the __________ .

Despite his __________ , he remains modest. The future is at risk not for him but for the next __________. He says, "We are representatives of a very __________ damaging species. So just be modest."

1.

A．take off

B．grow up

C．live on

D．pass away

2.

A．awful

B．amazing

C．courageous

D．excellent

3.

A．spread

B．expanded

C．recovered

D．decreased

4.

A．nature

B．humans

C．rate

D．cities

5.

A．risk

B．challenge

C．face

D．record

6.

A．returned

B．fixed

C．pressed

D．seen

7.

A．come out

B．take over

C．wipe out

D．bring out

8.

A．never

B．certainly

C．often

D．doubtfully

9.

A．relief

B．series

C．text

D．reaction

10.

A．chest

B．hand

C．head

D．hair

11.

A．awarded

B．approached

C．recognized

D．threw

12.

A．credit

B．reward

C．money

D．chance

13.

A．stress

B．observation

C．fame

D．explanation

14.

A．community

B．generation

C．race

D．species

15.

A．precious

B．curious

C．attractive

D．powerful

3 . 课本原文

CLIMATE CHANGE REQUIRES THE WORLD’S ATTENTION

We have known about climate change for decades. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer (see the graph). A warming ocean and atmosphere along with melting ice and rising sea levels provide evidence of a dramatic change in the global climate.

In 2013, a lot of people were shocked by a news photo of a dead polar bear that was found on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. According to the scientists who found its dead body, all that remained of the polar bear was “skin and bones”. An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died. Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before, so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. This alarming case showed how the increase in temperature had an impact on Earth’s ecology.

Then what is causing the increase in the global average surface temperature? Climate scientists often mention a key climate process called the “greenhouse effect”, which has two common meanings: the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “natural” greenhouse effect refers to the fact that heat from the sun enters the atmosphere and warms Earth’s surface as short-wave radiation. The heat is released back into space at longer wave lengths. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as methane and carbon dioxide, trap some of the heat, keeping Earth’s climate warm and habitable. Without this process, Earth could not sustain life. However, the “man-made” greenhouse effect has now become a big problem. When people produce huge amounts of extra greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels, more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere and causes Earth’s surface temperature to rise quickly.

There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to an increase in extreme weather and natural disasters worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. In fact, news reports are frequently broadcast about extreme rainstorms and heatwaves causing deaths and economic losses.

Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. This requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by restricting the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet. So what will you do to help?

1. 补全思维导图

________   ________ ________ ________
2. What do you know about the dead polar bear?

A．Its skin was seriously injured.

B．Only bones of the dead body remained.

C．It died because of the effects of climate change.

D．It couldn’t adapt to the environment of Svalbard.

3. Why do the climate scientists give a warning?

A．They have found more evidence.

B．Climate change has brought disasters.

C．They don’t want to find more dead animals.

D．News reports deal with climate change wrongly.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．It is impossible to control carbon dioxide emissions.

B．Greenhouse gas emission is the most serious problem now.

C．Our planet will not be habitable for humans to live on.

D．Both governments and individuals should try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

5 . In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.

A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions (排放) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO₂ emissions from the whole life-cycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown.

Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances (设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．What appliances to buy to save energy.

B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.

C．How to identify different carbon footprints.

D．How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices.

2. “The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO₂ produced in___________.

A．using the product	B．recycling the product
C．making the product	D．transporting the product

6 . 假定你是李华，你将去参加世界青少年环保交流大会，请就你校校园垃圾分类情况拟定英文发言稿，内容包括：
1．取得的成果；
2．存在的不足；
3．改进的措施。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,

I’m Li Hua, from Hongxing High School.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thanks for your listening.

9 . Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 percent of reptile (爬行动物) species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.

European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.

“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,” he went on. The short-sighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.

“We forget that they are the guarantee (保证) of life systems, on which any built-up area depends,” Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land.”

1. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have declared that__________.

A．wildlife needs more protection only in Britain

B．all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out

C．there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere

D．many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting

2. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?

A．Because he needed to present it with a council’s diploma.

B．Because he was concerned about its management.

C．Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.

D．Because it was the only park that had ever received a diploma from the council.

3. The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that___________.

A．people should make every effort to create more natural environment areas

B．people would go on protecting national parks

C．certain areas of the countryside should be left intact (完整无缺的)

D．people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks

4. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.

B．We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.

C．People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.

D．We should destroy all the built-up areas.

10 . 1970 was World Conservation (自然保护) Year. The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in danger. They hoped that governments would go into action quickly in order to conserve nature. Here is one example of the problems. At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland, but now only 860 remain. The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology. We are changing the earth, the air and the water, and everything that grows and lives. We can’t live without these plants. If we continue like this, we will destroy ourselves.

What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask “What must we do now?” The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today. A lot of them know that conservation is necessary. Many are helping to save our world. They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests, and so on. In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of two kilometres of their river. Young people may hear about a conversation through a record called “No One’s Gonna Change Our World”. It was made by the Beatles, Cliff Richard and other singers. The money from it will help to conserve wild animals.

1. If we continue to change the earth we live on we shall___________ in the end.

A．destroy the air and the water	B．destroy everything that grows and lives
C．destroy the outer space	D．destroy ourselves

2. What will happen in the future is decided by___________.

A．the young of today	B．the young of tomorrow
C．what we do today	D．how much we know about the earth

3. “No One’s Gonna Change Our World” is___________.

A．a call given by the Beatles	B．the name of a popular record
C．the name of a popular book	D．the name of a radio station