1 . It was a perfect summer morning on the beach in Rio De Janeiro. A man set up his umbrella and chair near the water and was ready to read his book. Just then, when he looked toward the sea, he noticed a small shape that came out of the water. It slowly made its way out onto the sand and began to flap its wings. It was obviously weak and tired.
When the animal was just a few feet away, the man couldn’t believe his eyes. A penguin(企鹅)? Penguins don’t live in Rio. The man was amazed. He looked around to see if there was anyone else noticing this strange sight.
A jogger soon appeared, followed by another. They stopped and stared. It was clear that the penguin was having trouble breathing. The first jogger looked at the sea and said, “Poor thing, so far away from home.”
The penguin fell to its side. It had swum 2000 miles, trying to find the tiny fish that penguins like to eat. Why did the penguin need to travel so far? Perhaps it was confused (使糊涂) by moving ocean currents (水流) and temperatures—common effects of global (全球的) warming. The penguin needed help. It would not survive on the hot sand.
One of the joggers phoned for help, and soon some firemen arrived. The man was glad that the penguin would soon be safe, although he felt a little sad too.
The event on the beach at Rio happened some time ago. It was only the beginning of penguin migration (迁移) to Brazil. Since that time, hundreds of penguins have appeared on the coasts of Brazil. They come all the way from Patagonia and the Straits of Magellan, southern parts of South America. They land on the sands very tired and hungry, and many of them die. Some are shipped or flown back to colder waters farther south.
Perhaps the experience of the penguins will help us better understand the serious effects of human activities on climathte change and on the condition of our planet.
1. What is the meaning of flap?| A．拍打 | B．开心 | C．喜欢 | D．卧倒 |
| A．hopeful | B．happy | C．surprised | D．worried |
| A．tell us the experience of the penguins |
| B．call on us to save the penguins on the beach of Rio |
| C．show people in Brazil are friendly to penguins |
| D．remind people to mind human activities and protect our planet |
| A．Brazil Beach. | B．South American Culture. |
| C．Unexpected Guests. | D．Human Activities. |
2 . A new app promises to help Barcelona residents find the shadiest route between two places to avoid extreme heat. Cool Walks, a routing tool for people first developed at a data visualization contest, aims to show users a variety of walking routs to take for their intended destinations.
Users can choose the most direct route, a shady route that may take a little longer, or they can set the app to a special mode, which avoids direct sunlight at all costs. Users can also use the app to find drinking fountains, or places to shelter from the sun.
The app uses a tool called Lidar to create high-resolution models of ground, accurate to within 10 cm. This information is combined with data on the sun’s path to work out where is in shade at any given time of day.
Barcelona is looking to use green spaces and trees as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of global heating. The city’s 20-year tree master plan aims to increase the proportion (比例) of land covered by trees from 25%to 30%. Although the tool only maps one neighborhood of Barcelona, it is hoped the research will provide information on how the city can adapt to extreme heat to protect its citizens and economy.
Heatwaves kill more people than any other climate risk. According to C40, a climate leadership group made up of 97 cities around the world, extreme heat events in cities can cause death increase of up to 14%, as well as lower workforce productivity and damage infrastructure (基础设施) such as roads and rail lines.
Jon Burke, a former consultant for Hackney in London, who was responsible for a massive expansion of tree planting in the district, said: “I think we should view this particular kind of app as a temporary measure to reduce the impacts of extreme heat… while cities rapidly invest in urban canopy (树冠层) cover and broader green infrastructure.”
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?| A．The designer of the app. | B．The function of the app. |
| C．The potential users of the app. | D．The working principle of the app. |
| A．relieve | B．feel | C．consider | D．predict |
| A．To stress the importance of road construction. |
| B．To raise awareness of protecting the environment. |
| C．To indicate the background for designing the app. |
| D．To give warnings of more upcoming disasters. |
| A．Jon Burke has a great sense of duty. |
| B．The district needs to be expanded. |
| C．Investment in tree planting is a wise choice. |
| D．The app is powerful enough to cope with heatwaves. |
3 . Many animals and plants are endangered in the world today. These endangered species are threatened with becoming extinct, meaning they will no longer exist on Earth. Examples include the Cuban Macaw and the Sri Lankan Legume Tree. Illegal hunting, and collecting of the Macaw bird for pets, led to its extinction. While the main reason the native Sri Lankan Legume Tree went extinct was due to habitat loss from development in the 20th century. The main cause for animals and plants disappearing is often a damage to the food chain due to hunting, habitat loss or even the introduction of new species.
Every living thing from one- celled animals to a blue whale needs to eat. Nature is connected and controlled by many weak food chains. A food chain describes who eats whom in a habitat. When one of the links in a food chain is no longer present—for example, a species goes extinct—the food chain breaks and sometimes this can cause other animals to disappear and the whole system can become imbalanced or even collapsed.
Humans can have horrible effects on food chains. When people first explored the world, they took animal and plant species from their home countries to the places they explored and settled in. They did not realize the consequences of introducing invasive species. By doing so, they were damaging the natural food chains of the areas they explored.
Nowadays there are strict rules controlling the movement of animals and plants between countries. But some parts of the world are still experiencing problems with invasive species introduced hundreds of years ago.
With rising awareness of how we affect the natural environment, hopefully we can learn to protect these food chains and help them to thrive. Otherwise the continued loss of species will eventually mean our own extinction.
1. Which is the main reason for Cuban Macaw’s extinction?| A．Illegal hunting. | B．Food chain damage. |
| C．Invasive species. | D．Habitat loss. |
| A．It only affects one-celled animals. | B．It decides the balance of the whole system. |
| C．It is always broken by invasive species. | D．It breaks after nearly ten species disappear. |
| A．By hunting endangered animals. | B．By exploring new places. |
| C．By polluting natural environment. | D．By introducing invasive species. |
| A．Disappearance of Endangered Species | B．Effect of Illegal Hunting on a Habitat |
| C．The Link between Food Chains and Extinction | D．Damage of Invasive Species |
4 . A group of students at Tongji University made a power box to aid relief work in quake-hit areas of Turkiye, which would be sent to Turkiye by air.
Two earthquakes, measuring 7.8 and 7.5 in magnitude, struck nine hours apart in southeastern Turkiye and northern Syria on Feb 6. Scores of strong aftershocks added to the damage as more than 6,000 buildings collapsed. The death toll has climbed past 30,000, and millions have been made homeless.
After learning that the earthquake-stricken area urgently needed mobile power, the students thought they might design a power box to aid the post-quake rescue and recovery work. And soon a seven-strong research and development team was set up. The team was divided into online and offline groups. Students living in Shanghai were responsible for the offline purchases and assembly of the power box. Other students online shared ideas for the design, compilation of equipment instructions and user manuals (用户手册) in Chinese and English, and were responsible for communication with the Turkish contact person for donations.
Though portable power boxes are available on the market, their design is tailor-made as the students have taken into consideration local sunshine and disaster relief needs to determine the power, capacity, size and other parameters of photovoltaics (太阳能光伏参数) and batteries.
The best use of the power box, which weighs around 15 kilograms and is equipped with a 10-watt LED light bulb, is its ability to provide 30 to 40 straight hours of light if fully recharged. That should guarantee the power box to be a reliable light source for a whole night even if it can’t be fully charged when the sunshine is not enough in the day. Their teachers also offered advice whenever the team encountered difficulties. They included a manual in Turkish, with the assistance of a student from Turkmenistan.
When the sign “humanitarian donation”was posted on the package, Bai Haoran, one of the students said,“It is worth the hard work over the past few days. We come to realize what the common community of mankind means”.
1. The underlined word “tailor- made” in Para.4 can be best replaced by “________”.| A．customized | B．fancy | C．handmade | D．brand-new |
| A．Reliability. | B．Portability. | C．Mobility. | D．Flexibility. |
| A．The process of the design was finished mainly online. |
| B．Students learned a lot about humanitarian in the design activity. |
| C．The power box has played an important role in the rescue work. |
| D．Students at Tongji University made the power box all by themselves. |
| A．International Cooperation in Rescue Work for Earthquakes |
| B．A New Power Box Hits the Market in Turkey |
| C．Students Send Innovative Aid to Disaster-hit Region |
| D．Big Earthquakes Strikes Turkiye and Syria |
5 . Marina Herrera is struggling to pack more food into her already overflowing shopping bags.
In the morning shopping rush at Tesco, Marina looks like any other shopper, stocking up for the week ahead. But she is getting all this fresh produce for free, which will be given out when she gets home. If she doesn’t, it will end up as part of the food waste mountain. “All this would be regarded as rubbish and going straight in the dustbin. It is perfect food; I hate to see any of it wasted,” she says.
Marina’s efforts have earned her the title of “hero” in the food waste war. Sadly, nearly a half of all food grown in the world is thrown out, contributing four times more carbon emissions (排放) each year than the aviation industry. Cutting that has been described as the most effective action people can take to handle climate change.
“I wouldn’t call myself a hero,” Marina laughs. “I’m just trying to attract more people to it, getting more people on board.” That’s why she was one of the first volunteers in the “Food Waste Heroes” programme launched by supermarket chain Tesco and food sharing app OLIO.
OLIO founder Tessa Clarke views the volunteers as heroes in the fight for the planet, who have signed on to prevent eatable food being thrown away by supermarkets and redistribute it for free in their communities instead. “It was billions of small actions that got us into the climate crisis, so surely billions of small actions can help us get out of it. The food waste heroes are particularly powerful because they are pioneering and inspiring so many other people,” Tessa Clarke says.
OLIO also encourages its users to post their unwanted food for redistribution. Globally its users have shared 35 million portions (份) of food, which equals saving 101 million car miles and 5.1 billion litres of water.
1. Why is Marina Herrera special as a shopper?| A．She helps prevent food being wasted. |
| B．She purchases more food than needed. |
| C．She gets the fresh produce at a discount. |
| D．She appeals to the shopping mall to save food. |
| A．The climate change. | B．The food waste war. |
| C．The carbon emission. | D．The aviation industry. |
| A．It is a non-profit project. |
| B．It contributes to solving the climate crisis. |
| C．It redistributes eatable food among communities. |
| D．Its users have saved 5.1 billion litres of water globally. |
| A．Marina will get more support from Tesco. |
| B．Climate crisis is the leading threat to humans. |
| C．New technology should be applied to food industry. |
| D．The “Food Waste Heroes” programme proves a success. |
(1).目前野生动物的生存状况堪忧；(2).请阐述状况所产生的原因(至少2个方面)；(3).解决办法(至少3种办法)。可适当调整内容的顺序和增加细节，使其连贯。词数100词左右。
Dear Jim,
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Li Hua
Wuyi Mountain, as a national nature conservation area, is well-known for its clear water and beautiful peaks. There is little doubt
But I’m concerned that the increasing number of tourists has had a negative impact
To begin with, the government is supposed to adopt
In addition, it is also the government’s responsibility
8 . No matter where you live in the world, natural disasters are always a threat. Of course, we humans take steps, both at an individual and social level, to prepare ourselves for the possibility of natural disasters. But preparing for these events requires understanding the types of natural disasters, what causes them, and the dangers they cause.
A technical term for a period of very cold weather, a cold wave is a type of natural disaster where the temperature drops rapidly over the course of 24 hours. While cold weather in itself isn’t necessarily enough to cause a natural disaster, a rapid dropping of the temperature could lead to lots of problems for communities in a region.
Interestingly, there isn’t an precise temperature threshold (起点) that must reach to be. Rather, cold waves are classified (分类) by how fast the temperature falls. Since what’s considered to be “cold” varies widely from region to region, local weather services will use local weather averages to determine if a weather event is actually a cold wave.
There are many reasons why a cold wave might occur. One of the most common causes of a cold wave is the arrival of a very strong high pressure system from the polar regions. Alternatively, movement in the jet streams can also drive very cold weather southward in just a matter of hours.
The primary danger of a cold wave is, indeed, the cold weather itself. This can lead to a higher risk of hypothermia (低温症) and other cold-related injuries. Additionally, cold weather can cause ice and frost to build up quickly, damaging basic facilities. Cold waves are also particularly dangerous for aircraft and other machinery. Extreme cold can use up vehicle batteries or cause petrol to come together. So, whenever in extreme cold weather, people need to be careful.
1. Why do people need to understand natural disasters?| A．To remove nervousness. | B．To encourage research. |
| C．To get ready for its possibility. | D．To build professional departments. |
| A．By an exact temperature. | B．By classified temperature. |
| C．By local climate standards. | D．By fallen temperature in summer. |
| A．Sudden big wind. | B．Heavy snow. |
| C．Rapidly rising temperature. | D．A powerful pressure system from polar areas. |
| A．A natural program. | B．A climate disaster. |
| C．A scientific method. | D．A scientific experiment. |
The Aral Sea,
Most findings considered farmland
Scientists from China and Uzbekistan put
They said that water-saving technology is one of the important ways to solve ecological difficulties in Central Asian countries. Efficient water-saving technologies can save 8 to 10 billion cubic meters of water for Uzbekistan each year ,
10 . More than one-third of the world’s food is wasted or thrown away. This adds up to an unbelievable 1.3 billion tons of waste a year, most of which rots in landfills, emitting (排放) methane and contributing to climate change.
But one of the most promising and simple solutions lies in the problem itself: this wasted food — if composted ( 堆 肥 ) — could slow climate change and improve soil quality. When food waste break down in composting facilities or even in backyard compost piles, they don’t produce methane, and they result in carbon-rich soil. Higher quality soil also continues to absorb more carbon from the atmosphere, helping to fertilize plants and contributing further to fighting against climate change. Increasing the amount of carbon in the world’s soil by just 0.4 percent a year would stop the rise of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Returning one ton of organic matter to each hectare of soil would increase production of cereal crops each year by millions of tons.
While it is true that people can compost in their yards, community gardens, schools or even on their kitchen counters, larger-scale efforts, including infrastructure ( 基 础 设 施 ) and reward system for consumers, would take it to the next level. Imagine that consumers could just leave food leftovers in a bin for pickup, or drop them off at a local store, earning a few cents a bucket, just like what has been offered for recycling bottles or newspapers. Moreover, in the case of composting, the reward system would be sustainable because the end-product of compost can be sold to farmers.
There have been important steps recently toward keeping food waste out of landfills. But food still makes up the largest part of city landfills. Until that changes through increased composting, we are wasting a lot more than food. We are wasting the opportunity to slow climate change and ensure adequate future food supply for the world.
1. What is the consequence of food waste?| A．Food shortage. | B．Climate change. |
| C．Less farming land. | D．Worse soil quality. |
| A．It emits large amounts of carbon. | B．It stimulates the production of carbon-dioxide. |
| C．It increases by 0.4 percent every year. | D．It benefits both plants and the environment. |
| A．Taking steps to ban landfills is urgent. |
| B．Composting on a large scale is helpful. |
| C．The end-product of compost is affordable. |
| D．It is just a matter of time before food waste stops. |
| A．Where Landfills Go | B．Why Farmers Compost Food Waste |
| C．What Modern Farming Brings Us | D．How Wasted Food Could Save the Planet |
