1 . Lego is considering a brick (积木) rental plan in an attempt to cut down on plastic waste. The Danish toymaker has promised to make all its bricks from sustainable (可持续的) sources by 2030 and is investing significant resources into finding alternatives.

Tim Brooks, vice-president responsible for sustainability, said the company was “totally open” to the idea of a product rental plan but admitted that lost pieces could produce a significant problem. “What are the chances of giving them to an eight-year-old child and getting them all back again?” Mr. Brooks added.

“There is a lot of technical thinking that needs to be done. We are right at beginning of that.” Mr. Brooks said Lego was exploring several ideas with a view to producing the highest value from products while consuming the least amount of resources. He said many would “probably never see the light of day” and there was no current plan to try out a rental plan.

Lego has come under increasing pressure to reduce its carbon footprint among growing international alarm about the impact of plastic waste on the environment. It produces 19 billion pieces per year—36, 000 a minute—that are made entirely of plastic while much of the inside packaging is also plastic.

So far, the only breakthrough has been the development of a line of bricks made from plant-based plastic sourced from sugarcane. The green trees, plants and flowers were first included in Lego sets late last year but make up only 1%-2% of the total amount of plastic elements produced. Henrik Nielson, a production supervisor (主管) in Lego’s factory, said last year: “We need to learn again how to do this.”

Lego reportedly releases around a million tons of carbon dioxide each year, with about 75% coming from raw materials that go into factories. The company has invested more than 100, 000,000 euros and hired 100 people to research non-plastic alternatives. It is aiming to keep all of its packaging out of landfill by 2025.

1. Lego is making great efforts to ________.

A．promote its brick rental plan	B．raise its production efficiency
C．explore ways to reduce plastic waste	D．develop new products

2. According to Mr. Brooks, Lego’s brick rental plan ________.

A．is well under way	B．has a long way to go
C．is totally useless	D．goes against Lego’s interest

3. The writer tells of Lego’s stress of reducing plastic waste by means of ________.

A．figures	B．examples
C．comparison	D．classification

4. What is Lego’s attitude towards developing non-plastic alternatives?

A．Defensive.	B．Determined.
C．Disapproving.	D．Doubtful.

2 . Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.

    1    For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.

The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.    2    That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.    3    Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.

    4    On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.    5    People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.

A．We use water indirectly too.

B．Every system in our body depends on water to function.

C．It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems

D．If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.

E．Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？

F．In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.

G．In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.

3 . A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.

Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.

The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.

“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.

Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.

“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.

The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.

Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.

1. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?

A．Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.	B．Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.
C．Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.	D．H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.

2. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closest in meaning to ______.

A．eliminating	B．adjusting
C．producing	D．circulating

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.

B．Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.

C．Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.

D．Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.

4. What is the main idea of the passage?

A．A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.

B．The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.

C．H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.

D．Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.

4 . Scientists have come up with a new way to measure ocean trash(垃圾) and the numbers are even worse than thought. In 2010, eight million tons of plastic trash ended up in the ocean from coastal countries far more than the trash floating on the surface of the ocean. That ' s bad news. The even worse news is that the tonnage may increase by as much as ten times in the next decade unless the world finds a better way to improve how trash is collected and managed.

The new study identifies the major sources of plastic trash and names the top 20 countries producing the greatest amount of ocean trash. The United States is 20th. The rest of the list includes 11 Asian countries, Turkey, five African countries, and Brazil.

The size of the difference is huge --- 20 to 2,000 times more than the amount of floating trash. To make the figure eight million tons understandable, Jenna Jambeck, who led the study, compares it to lining up five grocery bags of trash on every foot of coastline around the globe. "And by 2025, those five grocery bags of plastic are going to be ten bags," she says. That would be 155 million tons a year if present trash management practices remain the same."

Ocean plastic has turned up everywhere. It has been found in the deep sea and buried in Arctic ice with terrible consequences for some 700 species of wildlife in the ocean.

The study has also created a new mystery. Because what flows into the ocean is so large, scientists now have to figure out where else it collects and in what amounts. "But what we need to do now is close the gap." says Richard Thompson, a scientist from the U.K.

1. What is the most serious problem concerning ocean trash?

A．There is no way to get rid of it.

B．Eight million tons of trash goes into the ocean.

C．A lot more trash may be put into the ocean in the future.

D．The way to measure ocean trash hasn't been found.

2. Jenna Jambeck explains the seriousness of ocean trash mainly by ______.

A．showing the causes	B．describing a process
C．making comparisons	D．making a classification

3. The underlined part “the gap” in the last paragraph refers to the difference between ______.

A．what is harmless and what is dangerous

B．what is on the surface and what is in the deep sea

C．what is found and what can be recycled

D．what is from America and what is from other countries

4. Which of the following can best describe the author 's tone in writing the text?

A．Doubtful.

B．Hopeless.

C．Critical.

D．Concerned.

5 . Some years ago, Michel-Andre found himself staring at the body of a dead whale on a beach in the Canary Islands. It was obvious that the animal had been struck violently by a ship——but why? Only later, after surveying the whales which lived in the area and measuring the increase of sound pollution from ships did it become clear that there was a link.

The whales had become desensitised to the noise of approaching boats and were being struck by them, often seriously. “We never thought that this could be something that could kill,” recalls (回忆) Andre, who is the director of the Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics at the Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona.

Andre has spent 20 years developing an advanced system to better understand why incidents like this happen. His underwater microphones have exposed a world of deafening sound and animal communication never observed with such clarity(清晰) before.

It was not an easy task. Sound waves don't travel through water in the uniform, predictable way they do through the air. Instead, the temperature, salinity (盐度) and, flow of water have great effects on their path.

What can be done? One solution is to change shipping routes to courses where ships are statistically less likely to meet animals. It’s also possible to slow ships down to 18km/h or less, which is less likely to seriously injure a whale.

As for dealing with the root cause of the problem, the UN’s International Maritime Organisation has already published guidelines on how to quieten ships, but it will be a while before the effects of such changes might be observed.

“The ocean is not our world,” comments Andre. But it is ours to look after. And thanks to his work, we can better understand the effects of subsea sound pollution.

1. What does the underlined word “desensitised” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Stubborn.

B．Flexible.

C．Dull.

D．Friendly.

2. What’s one way to solve the problem according to the text?

A．To lower the speed of ships.

B．To reduce the number of ships.

C．To set up preserves under the sea.

D．To give the injured animals timely treatment.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards what Michel Andre has done?

A．Doubtful.

B．Disapproving.

C．Positive.

D．Uncaring.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．A great expert.	B．Noise in the sea.
C．Animals in the sea.	D．Sea exploration technology.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the -words in the box. Each -word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. infections     B. factors                 C. particularly          D. separate          E. seriously        F. passive G. mixtures          H. significantly   I. present                       J. negative            K. exposed

Air pollution triggers (引发)more heart attacks than using cocaine and poses as high a risk of sparking a heart attack as alcohol, coffee and physical exertion, scientists said on Thursday. Anger, marijuana (大麻)use and chest or respiratory (与呼吸有关的)     1     can also trigger heart attacks to different extents, the researchers said, but air pollution,       2     in heavy traffic, is the major cause.

The findings, published in The Lancet journal, suggest population-wide       3     like polluted air should be taken more       4     when looking at heart risks, and should be put into context besides higher but relatively rarer risks like drug use. Tim Nawrot of Hasselt University in Belgium, who led the study, said he hoped his findings would also encourage doctors to think more often about population level risks.

Nawrot’s team combined data from thirty-six       5     studies and calculated the relative risk posed by a series of heart attack triggers and their population-attributable fraction (PAF)—in other words the proportion of total heart attacks estimated to have been caused by each trigger. “Of the triggers for heart attack studied, cocaine is the most likely to trigger an event in an individual, but traffic has the greatest population effect as more people are       6     to it,” the researchers wrote. “PAFs give a measure of how much disease would be avoided if the risk was no longer       7    . ”

A report published late last year found that air pollution in many major cities in Asia exceeds the WHO’s air quality guidelines and that poisonous       8     of pollutants result in more than 530,000 earlier deaths a year. While       9     smoking was not included in this study, Nawrot said the effects of secondhand smoke were likely to be similar to that of outdoor air pollution, and noted previous research found that bans on smoking in public places have       10     reduced heart attack rates.

7 . According to the International Ecotourism Society, eco-travel is “responsible travel to natural areas that protects the environment, maintains the well-beings and involves education”. Eco-travel is on the rise, as more and more people become conscious about their carbon footprint.

Expert from Boundless Journeys, Matt Holmes, who works-on travel experiences towards conserving areas said, “As scientists and non-scientists learn more about how we human beings are impacting the planet, I think. more people want to do what they can while still exploring the world. Our guests are definitely interested in that aspect of our journeys. Travelers can farm their own food in Italy, managing their use of water and using solar or wind power. They can also visit n family-run camp that cares for retired logging elephants in Myanmar, know a park entry fee goes to a conservation organization in Costa Rica, employ and train members of the local community or partner with a protection group. There are lots of options for seeking out greener holiday.”

Most people believe that eco-travel is expensive and it is true. Matt explained “Anti-poaching patrols (巡逻) need to be paid, solar energy equipment costs a lot to install, building with environmentally friendly, materials is more expensive and so on. The extra cost is necessary, as you re paying to minimize your footprint and protect the places you visit, which is exactly what eco-travel is about. The financial success and sustainability (可持续性) of an eco- focused operation doesn’t come from thin air.” The industry is trying to make eco-travel affordable and make it accessible to the common people.

1. What is the positive influence of eco-friendly travel?

A．It enables travelers to protect the environment while traveling

B．It keeps human beings healthy and happy in a friendly atmosphere.

C．It teaches us to be responsible for the development of economy.

D．It offers some valuable education about the knowledge of gardening.

2. According to Matt Holmes, travelers will be interested in ________.

A．eating delicious food in Italy	B．visiting elephants in the zoo
C．working together with a protection group	D．raising park entry fee in Costa Rica

3. What will probably be talked about in the next paragraph of the passage?

A．Why eco-travel is expensive.

B．How we can make eco-travel less expensive.

C．What material are used in eco-travel.

D．Where we can go for eco-travel.

8 . Coca-Cola, which reportedly produced more than 3 million tons of plastic packaging in 2017, announced Thursday it wants to “help fix the world’s plastic waste problem one community (社区) at a time.”

The soda giant is doing so by providing $ 5.4 million for recycling programs in cities like Atlanta, Boston, Denver and Houston. In these cities, partners, like The Green Blue Institute and The Recycling Partnership, which receive the money, will work together to improve recycling rates.

“We focus on areas where we have the ability to make the biggest influence on communities through the funding and expert skills of Coca-Cola employees,” Carlos Pagoagoa, Coca-Cola’s group director of community partnerships, said in a statement. “In each city, local partners will work together to identify barriers to recycling on a local level and test a range of solutions,” he added. “We hope the learnings from these ‘model markets’ can offer solutions to other cities facing similar challenges.”

As part of the effort, The Recycling Partnership and the city of Atlanta, where the cola company’s headquarters are based, will send street teams out to open recycling carts and leave citizens cards informing them what they can and can’t recycle, and let them know how their efforts work.

“Two of the most urgent problems with recycling in the U. S. today are lack of access, followed by pollution in recycling,” Keefe Harrison, CEO of The Recycling Partnership, said in a statement. “We know from the success of Atlanta in 2017 that the citizens want to recycle, and that communicating with them in the street works.”

Last year, Coca-Cola announced its task to collect and reuse a bottle or can for each one it sells, and increase the amount of its products out of recycled materials to 50% by 2030. The brand also aims to make all its packaging fully recyclable by 2025.

1. What does Coca-Cola company intend to do in the program?

A．Produce less packaging.

B．Help deal with plastic waste.

C．Pick up waste in communities.

D．Build a plant to recycle plastic waste.

2. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．How Coca-Cola conducts its program.

B．What organizations participate in the program.

C．How Coca-Cola chooses cities for the program.

D．What the local people do in Coca-Cola’s program.

3. What do street teams do to help?

A．Sort out various waste in the city.

B．Look into the cause of pollution.

C．Instruct local people what to recycle.

D．Hand cards to the locals in person.

4. What does Keefe Harrison think of the program?

A．Promising.

B．Difficult.

C．Pioneering.

D．Costly.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Every Wednesday at 7 pm, a group of running enthusiasts from different countries gather at a bar in Shanghai before setting     1     on their 5-kilometer run. But this is no ordinary run. These people     2     (arm) with trash (垃圾) bags. The members of this group don’t simply run for the sake of good health. They do it for the sake of the Earth     3    well.

Called “plogging”, this new fitness activity originated in Sweden in 2016 and was introduced to Shanghai in 2018. The term is a combination of the words “jogging” and “plocka upp”,     4     means “pick up” in Swedish.

By the summer of 2018, just a few months after Trash Running China was founded,     5     (it) WeChat group had grown to include more than 400 runners. To make the activity more fun for both     6     (newcomer) and regular ploggers, Trash Running China also     7     (frequent) organizes longer weekend runs in the suburban areas. “We want more people to hold small ‘plogging’ groups and have a     8     (responsible) to organize trash running activities in their own neighborhoods,” says Eisenring, who founded Trash Running China. “ ‘Plogging’ is a way     9     (know) the people and the city a bit more,” says Robbin Trebbe, one of the     10     (late) runners to join the group.

10 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

There is a small but growing movement in America of many     1     ( family) that want to reduce waste to zero.     2       (they) goal of producing no trash is probably impossible to reach. Some come close, reducing a year’s worth of trash to only a few things     3     can fit into a small container. All other things, they say, can be recycled or composted.

Zero Wasters, as they are called, help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media. A lot of people have given     4     (value) advice on the subject recently. Some of the advice includes where to buy things     5     (avoid) unwanted packaging and how to recycle things that most people throw away.

Bea Johnson, a housewife, says that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations     6     ever before. She, who is     7     (satisfy) with the fact, says all their clothing comes from used clothing stores. She says that has reduced her household spending     8     40 percent.

Zero Wasters advocate     9     (talk) about five “r’s” that describe want they do: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot. They request that things like remaining food not     10     (throw) away randomly and refuse containers at restaurants.