Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five metres above sea level. Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable. Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered.
But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about 24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another 24 cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Mark's Square, the lowest point in the city, flooded about nine times a year. Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking into the mud on which it stands, Tuvalu's rising sea level is caused by global warming.
The average global temperature has increased by almost 0. 5 centigrade degrees over the past century, scientists expect it to rise by extra 1.3 degrees over the next 100 years.
Warmer weather makes glaciers(冰川) melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen 10.25 cm in the last 100 years.
The main cause of global warming is human pollution. Through burning coal, oil and gas, people have been increasing the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, such as CO2. This adds to the power of the greenhouse effect, making the planet even warmer.
Many scientists believe that, if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. The sea level could rise by one meter this century.
Should this come true, the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with "climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live.
1. We can infer from the second paragraph that .
| A．Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the sea |
| B．all Tuvalu's islands are about five metres above the sea level |
| C．drinking water in Tuvalu has been destroyed |
| D．Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves |
| A．they are the first places sinking into the sea |
| B．they are both sinking into the mud where they stand |
| C．they will disappear in the future |
| D．their trouble is caused by global warming |
| A．People who are forced away from their homeland by climate. |
| B．Climate changes. |
| C．Rare animals. |
| D．Climate effect. |
| A．Tuvalu's nine little islands are less than five meters above the sea level. |
| B．The average global temperature has risen by 13 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years. |
| C．The warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise. |
| D．There will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped. |
2 . 
Climate change may make parts of the Middle East too hot for human beings, according to a new study.
Researchers have been studying weather conditions in the Middle East since 1970. They say “very hot” days in the area have doubled over that period. They say temperatures in summer in the Middle East and North Africa will continue rising. They believe by 2050, temperatures will not fall below 30 degrees Celsius at night in the hottest part of summer, and day-time temperatures could rise to 46 degrees Celsius. Temperatures at noon could reach as high as 50 Celsius. Heat waves are likely to last longer.
“If mankind continues to release carbon dioxide as it does now, people living in the Middle East and North Africa will have to expect about 200 unusually hot days,” says Panos Hadjinicolaou, a climate change expert with the Cyprus Institute.
The researchers also looked at the amount of “fine particulate (颗粒) air pollution” in the Middle East. They found that the amount of dust in the atmosphere over Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Syria jumped 70 percent since the start of the century. This, they say, could have resulted from an increase in the number of sand storms caused by climate change.
The researchers created two models. In one model, rising temperatures are limited because of reductions in greenhouse gases. The other model is said to be a “business as usual” model where nothing is done to stop climate change. Under both models, the future of the Middle East is not good, the researchers say. They added that climate change can result in a slow worsening of living conditions for people in North Africa and the Middle East and in time many people may have to leave the regions.
1. The underlined word “fine” in the 4th paragraph probably has the same meaning as ________.| A．bright | B．terrible | C．very thin | D．high-quality |
| A．climate change →sand storms→dust in the atmosphere |
| B．sand storms →climate change→dust in the atmosphere |
| C．climate change →dust in the atmosphere→sand storms |
| D．sand storms →dust in the atmosphere→climate change |
| A．indifferent | B．casual | C．skeptical | D．concerned |
| A．In a History Paper. | B．In a News Report. |
| C．In a Literature Magazine. | D．In a Travel Brochure. |
Every year, approximately 1.6 million tons of soil flows into Yellow River, China’s second
In fact, it is you
4 . Most Beautiful of All
| A．They smelled wonderful and crunched (发出碎裂声) under our feet as we walked along. |
| B．Then, she approached and asked us whether we had any trash. |
| C．I decided to take my sons for a walk the other day. |
| D．As is often the case, we are too busy to find the beauty of nature. |
| E．As we turned a corner along the walking trail, I noticed a woman slowly making her way towards us. |
| F．Of all the things I saw that day, she was the most beautiful. |
| G．Then, quickly and neatly, she placed it in the trash bag. |
5 . The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means．Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago，but it has brought new problems．One of the biggest problems is pollution．To pollute means to make things dirty．Pollution comes in many ways．We see it，smell it，drink it and even hear it．
Man has been polluting the earth．The more people，the more pollution．Many years ago，the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people．When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place，man moved to another place．But this is no longer true．
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world．
Air pollution is still the most serious．It's bad for all living things in the world，but it is not the only one kind of pollution．Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water．Noise pollution makes us angry more easily．
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution．They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city，and from putting dirty smoke into the air．Pollution by SO2is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution．It is caused by heavy traffic．We are sure that if there are fewer people driving，there will be less air pollution．
The earth is our home．We must take care of it．That means keeping the land，water and air clean．And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time．
1. ______ ，our world is becoming much smaller．| A．Because of the rise in pollution |
| B．Thanks to science development |
| C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
| A．rubbish （垃圾） | B．water pollution |
| C．air pollution | D．noise pollution |
| A．it makes much noise | B．it makes us angry more easily |
| C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty | D．it's bad for all living things in the world |
| A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution． |
| B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does． |
| C．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth． |
| D．If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike，it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2． |
6 . Organic (有机的) farming is a type of agriculture that benefits from the recycling and use of natural products. Use of dried plants not only saves money, but also ensures the growth of crops. The technique is characterized (具有……的特征) by the use of green manure (肥料), biological pest control methods and special farming techniques to keep soil productive. Limiting the use of manmade chemicals or completely doing away with (去掉) them reduces the risk of diseases. Today, organic farming is a major and preferred industry around the world. Organically grown products have a huge market, with farmlands covering about 10% of the total world farmland. The initial effort made by Sir Albert Howard, the Father of Organic Farming, has paid off.
Advantages of Organic Farming：
1. The economics of organic farming are characterized by increasing profits (利润) through reduced water use and reduced soil erosion (侵蚀).
2. Organic farming produces the same crops as those produced through traditional farming methods, but uses half the energy, and holds 40% more top soil.
3. Farming the organic way enables farmers to get rid of weeds without the use of any chemicals.
4. The use of green pesticides (杀虫剂) is environmentally friendly and does no harm to human’s health.
Disadvantages of Organic Farming：
1. Organic methods of farming produce less, compared to traditional farming techniques.
2. Organic agriculture does little to fight global climate change. Though organic farming practices are recognized as giving out less CO2, but not to a significant degree.
However, though there are some disadvantages to organic farming, farms where organic methods for cropping have been used have more advantages than traditional farms. Organic agriculture is surely better in the long term.
1. Organic farming uses the manure made from ________.
| A．expensive soil | B．dried plants |
| C．harmful pests | D．manmade chemicals |
| A．worked hard for nothing |
| B．succeeded in organic farming |
| C．spent all his time on organic farming |
| D．didn’t expect organic farming to be successful |
a.is more environmentally friendly
b.produces a lot more food
c.uses less energy
d.results in more weeds in the farmland
e.is better for human’s health
| A．abc | B．acd | C．ace | D．bce |
| A．anxious | B．hopeless |
| C．unclear | D．optimistic |
7 . Lying alongside mountains of smelly garbage under the South American sun, Cateura is a long way from the conservatories of Prague or Vienna. Yet the township, which grew out of Paraguay's largest dump(垃圾场), is gaining a reputation as a hothouse for musical talent and for its youth orchestra(管弦乐队) that plays instruments made from garbage. "The world sends us garbage. We send back music," says Favio Chavez, leader of the "Recycled Orchestra," during a recent visit by the group to Los Angeles. Orchestra members, poor children from Cateura, play violins fashioned from oven trays and guitars made from dessert dishes. The orchestra provides the youngsters an outlet and an escape, a chance to go beyond the mess of their slum(贫民窟) through the music of Mozart, and even Sinatra. "In the beginning, it was difficult to play," says the l0-year-old violinist Celeste Fleitas." But Favio helped me learn over time. From Favio, I have learned to be more responsible and value the things I have."
The destination for more than 1,500 tons of waste each day, the community has no safe drinking water and little access to electricity or sanitation(卫生设施). Illiteracy is severe, and the children of the township often fall into drugs, violence and crimes.
Favio Chavez, a musical talent, came to Cateura as an environmental technician in 2006 and started a youth music school. He knew shop-bought instruments were beyond the means of villagers whose sheds are worth less than a violin, so he approached a carpenter to make some out of waste from the dump.
The orchestra caught the eye of Paraguayan filmmaker Alejandra Amarilla. She uploaded a short piece of the orchestra to YouTube in 2012, hoping to secure crowdfunding for what would become Landfill Harmonic, a documentary released across the United States this month and promoting the youngsters on a tour of the world's music halls later on.
1. What is the best title of the text?| A．Youngsters carry tunes from garbage to victory |
| B．A music talent hit the road to the world stage |
| C．A town for music fans |
| D．An orchestra on a global tour |
| A．It has raised people's awareness of recycling trash |
| B．It has caught more attention through the orchestra |
| C．It recycles more than l,500 tons of rubbish per day |
| D．It provides its children with better schooling conditions |
| A．To assist the youngsters with a world tour |
| B．To collect funding for a documentary |
| C．To organize carpenters to make instruments |
| D．To catch the eye of the Paraguay government |
| A．To work in a team weighs more |
| B．To recycle things is to conserve things |
| C．To be creative is a quality of a leader |
| D．To own nothing is no excuse to do nothing |
注意：
1．不要拘泥于要点，可以适当发挥，词数100左右。
2．参考词汇：人口膨胀：population expansion；过度开发：overdevelopment
Dear Editor,
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Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
Learning survival skills is an ongoing process(过程)that will last for your entire life. Because each situation has its particular requirements, there is always more to learn and experience.
Fire
Fire provides warmth, light, and comfort, and keeps away the creatures. But even those are not all.
Shelter
Shelter protects your body from heat, cold, rain, snow, the sun, and wind. It also protects you from insects and other creatures that seek to do you harm.Before you are in need of making a survival shelter, be sure to practice and experiment with a variety of materials and survival plans on a regular basis. Clothing is the first line of shelter protection.
Signaling
Signaling allows you to get in touch with people who can rescue you without having to be close by.
First Aid
| A．Have the right clothes for the right environment. |
| B．There are a variety of ways to signal for help. |
| C．Lay out SOS from rocks, logs or colored clothing. |
| D．Always bring along your first aid box and a space blanket. |
| E．Fire and smoke can be used for signaling very long distances. |
| F．Panic is your number one enemy when you are in any emergency situation. |
| G．These 4 basic skills may put you on your way toward becoming a survivor. |
Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
1. _______, our world is becoming much smaller.
| A．Because of the rise in pollution |
| B．Thanks to science development |
| C．Because the earth is being polluted day and night |
| D．Because the earth is blown away by the wind every year |
| A．much easier than | B．as easy as |
| C．much harder than | D．as hard as |
| A．rubbish(垃圾) | B．noise pollution |
| C．air pollution | D．water pollution |
| A．it makes much noise |
| B．it makes us angry more easily |
| C．it makes our rivers and lakes dirty |
| D．it’s bad for all living things in the world |
| A．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. |
| B．The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world population does. |
| C．The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth. |
| D．If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2. |
