1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

If you go out to the fields at night in spring or summer, you can hear frogs singing     1    (happy) here and there. It seems as if they were performing a field group singing.

The frog is a good and useful creature that benefits human beings. They can catch fast-moving     2     (insect). Each frog eats a large number of pests (害虫) that are     3     (harm) to crops. This little creature is regarded as “the natural enemy of pests”.

But now frogs     4     (get) fewer and fewer. This is     5     they are killed and put on the table as a delicious dish by their chief enemy, human beings. It is a shameless and cruel act, isn’t it?

The cause that is responsible     6     the rapid reduction of frogs is that farmers use insect killers to kill pests and frogs get killed as a result of drinking poisoned water while     7     (eat) poison-killed insects.

Something must be done as soon as possible     8     (save) frogs. If we don’t punish those     9     sell and kill frogs to make money, then one day all of us     10     (punish) by nature for failing to keep them.

2 . The city of Venice, Italy, has finally made a long-awaited decision. Starting on August 1, 2021, cruise ships (游轮) will no longer be allowed to enter the city’s waters.

Contrary to popular opinion, these cruise ship visitors contribute relatively little to the local tourism economy. The New York Times reported cruise ship passengers add up to 73% of visitors, but contribute a mere 18% of tourism dollars. The percentage is inverted for people who spend at least one night at a hotel; they represent 14% of visitors, but 48% of the business.

Many people are overjoyed by the news, especially environmental activists. Firstly, the cruise ships would disturb the waterways and erode (侵蚀) the foundations of already weak buildings. A 2019 study published in Nature found the waves created by large ships could “redistribute industrial pollutants already present in the waters.” Others have said these same waves made huge holes in the underwater bottoms of buildings, making them unstable. Furthermore, when canals are deepened in order to allow larger boats, it destroys coastal habitats and makes floods worse. This is part of the reason why, in recent years, Venice has experienced terrible flooding that completely flooded St. Mark’s Square and other landmarks.

The announcement came as a surprise as many did not expect the regional government to act so quickly. In April a similar ban was issued, but it depended on finding an alternative port for the ships—a requirement that local people complained could take years to achieve. The announcement made last week, however, did away with that condition, allowing the city to move forward quickly with the ban.

1. What does the underlined word “inverted” mean in Paragraph 2?

A．Increased slightly.

B．Looked down upon.

C．Adjusted accordingly.

D．Turned upside down.

2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A．Reasons for Venice’s terrible floods.	B．Dangers cruise ships brought about.
C．Reaction to the long-awaited decision.	D．Damage waves did to buildings.

3. What is Venetians’ attitude toward the April ban?

A．Unclear.

B．Hopeful.

C．Doubtful.

D．Objective.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Venice Says “No” to Cruise Ships.	B．The Long-awaited Decision to be Made.
C．Cruise Ships Erodes Ancient Venice.	D．Venice Tries to Protect Its Waterway.

5 . When most of us think of sand, we immediately think of sunny beaches and summer holidays. But actually it’s in pretty much everything that surrounds us in our everyday lives, from the walls of our homes to the glass bottles in out kitchens and even the mobile phones in our hands. Sand is the second most used resource in the world after water: it accounts for more than two-thirds of everything that’s being dug out of the ground. But there isn’t a limitless supply. In fact, a UN report says we might be running out.

According to the report, we use an estimated 15 billion tons of sand every year in the construction industry alone. That’s enough to build a 20m×20m wall around the equator (赤道) every year. However, sand can take tens of thousands of years to form (形成): the process starts with rock being eroded (侵蚀) in the mountains and ends, eventually, with sand being in river beds, on beaches and on the seafloor.

Sand is heavy and difficult to transport, so in developing countries, sand is often mined from the nearest convenient source, and quite often that means a river bed or beach. But beaches and rivers are delicately balanced ecosystems and when a large amount of sand is removed, the balance is upset. The smallest fish, which eat organic matter on the sand in river beds, form the base of the food chain in a river. If this sand is removed, so is the source of food for the bottom feeders. All organisms in a food chain share the joys and the sorrows. Thus, when they disappear, so does the food for the larger fish which would have been caught and eaten, or sold by fishermen.

It is high time we took into consideration the big problem concerning the tiny thing. More and more conservationists are calling for new choices to replace sand, especially in the construction industry.

1. Why are the things in our daily life mentioned in the beginning?

A．To show the uses of sand.	B．To show our relationship with nature.
C．To introduce our lifestyles.	D．To stress the convenience of modern life.

2. What does the UN report suggest?

A．Sand is actually our most used natural resource.

B．Sand is used more quickly than it’s formed.

C．The construction industry doesn’t use sand wisely.

D．The problem of wasting sand is worsening.

3. Whose basic source of food will be strongly influenced if sand is removed?

A．The river beds.	B．The fishermen.
C．The larger fish.	D．The smallest fish.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．The World Is Running Out of Sand

B．Alternatives to Sand Will Be Found Soon

C．Sand Mining Is Unfriendly to Nature

D．Sand Is in Need of Immediate Preservation

6 . With greater climate catastrophe (气候突变) on Earth, it is natural for us to make every effort to stop the potential floods, snowstorms, and alarming reports from scientists. For many of us (myself included), part of that means running out to buy reusable straws, organic cleaners, and packaging-free products.

However, before you are delighted at “green” purchases, take a second to consider the results of a new study from Arizona University. By comparing the shopping habits, mental health and environmental impact of young people, the researchers reconfirmed a principle: Buying less beats buying “green” stuff without effort. And that is true whether you are looking at the impact that your purchases have on the Earth or on your own happiness.

It should not come as a shock that simply consuming less is better for the planet. After all, every new item a factory yields requires some resources to produce. Take plastic bag bans for instance. If your city is getting rid of single-use shopping bags, it can be attractive to pay for a fashionable organic cotton bag hanging in the check-out line of your local supermarket. However, experts insist that growing cotton is actually no better for the Earth than producing the conventional plastic bags. Then what is your best bet for carrying your groceries if you care about sustainability? Any bag you already own.

It is not just the Earth that will be happier if you buy less. You will feel more contented too, according to the new study. “People believe that they might well be self-satisfied about becoming environmentally conscious through ‘green’ buying patterns, but it doesn’t seem to be that way”, said the lead researcher Sabrina Helm. “Reduced consumption has effects on increased well-being, but we don’t see that with ‘green’ consumption.”

“Owning every new ‘green’ product on the market might make you feel contented, but if you relieve yourself of that burden of ownership, most people report feeling a lot better,” said Helm.

1. Why does the writer mention “green” shopping habits?

A．To call on a green lifestyle.	B．To praise people’s green efforts.
C．To introduce a social trend.	D．To present a half true “green” truth.

2. What’s the main idea of paragraph 3?

A．The plastic bag bans are of no effect.	B．Using any bag you have is the best bet.
C．Reduced consumption is better for the Earth.	D．Growing cotton is far worse for the Earth.

3. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The sense of achievement.	B．The sense of happiness.
C．The sense of relief.	D．The sense of security.

4. What might be the best title for the text?

A．Less is More	B．The Greener, The Happier
C．Happiness Guarantee	D．What Are Green Products?

7 . If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims sailed from Plymouth, England, to North America - and their Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks, their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later. Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that plastic into tiny bits. And those bits might still be floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.

Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9. 2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6. 9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6. 3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin - the figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017.

No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth’s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5. 3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.

Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine( 海 洋 的 )animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.

“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.

1. Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1?

A．To prove plastic was difficult to invent.

B．To introduce what marine animals like eating.

C．To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.

D．To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.

2. What’s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text?

A．Lacking protection.	B．Being stuck by plastics.
C．Being caught by humans.	D．Treating plastics as food.

3. What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph?

A．Some people don’t know the solution of plastics waste.

B．Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.

C．It’s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.

D．People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.

4. From which is the text probably taken?

A．A biology textbook.	B．A travel brochure.
C．An environmental report.	D．A lifestyle magazine.

8 . As the world’s population continues to increase, so does the amount of global waste people produce. According to data collected by the World Bank Group, nations will generate 4 billion tons of waste annually by the year 2100. The pollution from trash is not only ruining the world’s oceans, air and soil but endangering all living creatures.

For years government agencies have been telling citizens to live a zero-waste lifestyle. Traditionally, manufacturers would make a product to be used and thrown by consumers. This linear model of production offered no help in the fight against global waste. Alternatively, a circular economy has been introduced. This is a system which aims to minimize waste and restore used materials. Once a product’s value is exhausted, the materials are recycled and returned to manufactures. The outcome is less waste.

In 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported on the Taiwan island’s recycling success rate in an article titled The World’s Geniuses of Garbage Disposal. In 1997, Taiwan established its signature 4-in-l Recycling Program, consisting of communities, recycling enterprises, government cleaning teams and the Recycling Fund. Residents separate their recyclable waste and bring it to their community’s recycling locations. The local government collection teams and private collectors collect it. Recycling companies buy waste materials from them to generate profits. Importers and manufacturers who are responsible for the recyclable products pay a fee into the Recycling Fund. The Recycling Fund is an essential aspect of the program used to subsidize (资助) the recycling disposal system, support education and research and development as well as finance recycling efforts in the future.

By following a circular system, more products than ever are being manufactured using recycled materials. For example, used tires can be recovered to pave roads, while plastic is reused to make new plastic products. And it also helps to conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, save landfill space and even create new job opportunities.

1. Why has a circular economy been introduced?

A．The population is on the rise.

B．It can help handle global waste.

C．The living creatures on earth are getting less diverse.

D．Traditional products are not environmentally friendly.

2. What can we learn about 4-in-l Recycle Program?

A．The recyclable materials can be collected officially or privately.

B．The importers and manufactures cover the costs of the program.

C．Recycling companies buy waste materials from the residents.

D．The government invests money as the recycling fund.

3. What’s the effect of the circular system?

A．It will cause no waste or pollution.	B．It reduces the costs of the products.
C．It helps lower the unemployment rate.	D．All the materials can be recycled again.

4. Which of the following does the text suggest?

A．Do nothing by halves.	B．All that glisters isn’t gold.
C．Actions speak louder than words.	D．One man’s trash is another man’s treasure.

9 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     1    (lie) China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China’s three rivers: the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang(Mekong) River. It is the three rivers     2     provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem     3     risk. Hopefully, though, we can repair this damage. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. The park,     4    (schedule) to open in 2020, has increased the area’s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a     5    (green) future. With Sanjangyuan     6    (take) the lead, nine other regions in China     7    (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years,     8     will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but    9    (it) realization is urgent. After all, building an ecological civilization bears great       10    (important) in the development and progress of human civilization.

10 . Food production does great harm to our environment. There are many procedures involved in the manufacture of food that result in greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Some procedures require the consumption of large amounts of fossil fuels, such as the transportation and storage of food products. Other factors that cause great damage to our environment include the overuse of fresh water.

The production of beef is more damaging to the environment than that of any other food we consume. Raising large numbers of cattle requires the production of large amounts of food for the animals. it's estimated that producing one pound of beef requires seven pounds of feed.

Land use is also a problem. If the cattle are free-range cattle, large areas of land are required for them to live on. This has led to disastrous forest cutting and the loss of rare plants and animal species, particularly in tropical rain forests in Central and South America.

Another problem specific to beef production is methane emissions (甲烷排放). Although many people are aware of the damaging effects of carbon dioxide, they don't realize methane's global warming potential is 25 times worse, making it a more dire problem.

Unfortunately, beef consumption is growing rapidly. This is the result of simple supply and demand factors. Specifically, there are two main causes of demand that are encouraging the production of more supply. First, the increase in the world population means there are more people to consume meat. The second factor is socioeconomic advancement. As citizens in developing nations become financially stable, they can afford to buy more meat.

Therefore, one way to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is for people around the world to significantly cut down on the amount of beef they eat.

1. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．Raising free-range cattle is eco-friendly.

B．People cut down trees for animal habitats.

C．Producing beef can damage the environment.

D．Carbon dioxide causes far more harm than methane.

2. The underlined word "dire" in Para. 4 means _______.

A．common

B．urgent

C．beneficial

D．avoidable

3. Beef production is growing rapidly because_______.

A．more people are in demand of beef

B．developing countries raise more cattle

C．more land is available to raise cattle

D．the cost of raising cattle is relatively low

4. The author writes this article to_______.

A．describe the booming of the beef production

B．emphasize the advantages of beef production

C．criticize the cutting of the rain forest

D．argue for a decrease in beef consumption