2 . Traditionally, profiting from forests often meant capitalizing on timber (木材) —choosing commercial timber. Yet increasingly, there is an understanding that it’s of greater significance to keep trees standing than cut them down for financial profit. Money is not everything. We have to recognize real and lasting value is from natural resources. But money is a fact of life.

Good news is that we can expect entire natural woodland is left undamaged and still provides a revenue (收益) stream. Leaving woodland complete does not necessarily mean that we do not touch it at all. Conservation work may involve building back biodiversity or the removal of foreign plant species.

A healthy woodland system can provide a range of yields (产物). Besides eatable yields—top fruit, berries, and food crops, it produces substances for chemical use. The non-timber forest products provided by natural ecosystems vary significantly depending on where they are. But there are always more ways to explore to acquire revenue.

A project in the UK, for example, shows woodland itself is also a draw for visitors. It engages a community who creates a sustainable area of woodland. The community largely obtains revenue by opening up parts of the natural woodland to the public with an adventure playground and outdoor recreational activities on the site. It also offers courses on nest building, special wildlife events and more. The project is thought to have great uniqueness. It centers round the existing natural land; the yields that woodland provides become by products.

Recreational activities, tours, and classes are just the commencement. A rich and bio-diverse woodland can be an ecosystem that draws in more people looking for a beautiful place to stay. Woodland has great value in ecological and social terms. And when you nurse it, it could also add to the income from your land.

1. What do people increasingly think about forest conservation?

A．It means making full use of timber.	B．It outweighs financial benefit.
C．It is extremely difficult to carry out.	D．It is all about rebuilding biodiversity.

2. Why is the project considered unique?

A．It provides lots of recreational activities.	B．It highlights educational experiences.
C．It makes woodland itself the main product.	D．It focuses on nursing the natural land.

3. What does the underlined word “commencement” mean in the last paragraph?

A．Intention.

B．Beginning.

C．Wish.

D．Exception.

4. Which is the text mainly about?

A．Forest conservation has been a top priority.

B．A project helps create sustainable woodland.

C．Non-timber products help gain more benefit.

D．Woodland brings profit while staying complete.

3 . Scientists often compare coral reefs(珊瑚礁) to underwater rainforests, yet unlike the leafy plant base of a forest, corals are animals. The soft creatures are naturally half-transparent and get their brilliant color from algae(藻类) living inside them. When corals experience stress from hot temperatures or pollution, they halt the interdependent relationship with algae, typically pushing them out and turning white. Corals are still alive when they are white, but they're at risk and many eventually die, turning dark brown.

Scientists around the world are looking for means to protect and maybe increase corals. One common option is to create more protected areas — essentially national parks in the ocean. Beyond nature preserves, some conservationists are looking to more hands-on methods. One research center in the Florida Keys is exploring a form of natural selection to keep corals remaining. The reef system in the Keys has been hit hard by climate change and pollution, which is especially tough, because corals there help support fisheries worth $ 100 million every year.

To keep the wild ecosystem alive, Erinn Muller, the center's director, and her team are harvesting samples of the corals that survived the environmental stress naturally, keeping them to make them reproduce, and then reattaching them to the reef. They have 46,000 corals on plastic frames under the sea. So far, the center has regrown over 70,000 corals from five different species on damaged reefs.

In The Bahamas, Ross Cunning, a research biologist at Chicago's Shedd Aquarium, focuses on corals with genes that could make them natural candidates for restoration projects. He published a study of two Bahamian reefs, one that survived an extreme 2015 heat wave, and one that didn't. "We think their ability to deal with these higher temperatures is built into their genes," says Cunning. There's evidence of corals evolving more quickly to resist rapidly warming climate. The big question scientists need investigate, adds Gunning, is how much more heat corals can adapt to.

1. What does the underlined word "halt" in the first paragraph mean?

A．End.

B．Develop.

C．Strengthen.

D．Weaken.

2. What do Muller and her team do to save corals?

A．Restore the damaged reefs.	B．Grow corals by hand underwater.
C．Create more protected areas.	D．Move corals to unpolluted areas.

3. What do Gunning's words suggest?

A．Many corals have been genetically improved.	B．Cooling down the waters is key to rescuing corals.
C．Reasons for corals surviving heat waves are shocking.	D．The highest temperature corals can survive is unclear.

4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Relationship between corals and algae	B．Efforts made to save corals
C．Impact of climate warming on corals	D．Survival crisis faced by coral reefs

4 . About 12 million tons of plastic wastes are entering the oceans every year. This garbage pollutes the water, kills wildlife and breaks down into small pieces that fish and other creatures eat.

Now a group of Spanish fishermen will receive economic support to catch plastics. It is part of a new project. Carlos Martin is one of the fishermen taking part in the project. He and his partners collect the plastic in the ocean and bring it back to land every week. Martin thinks rivers carry a lot of plastics to the sea. He says his most concern is no more than that the plastics often get caught in the nets, which makes nets not work properly. They take on mud（泥）, causing the nets to break because they weigh so much.

Under the new programs, one million pounds will support ocean cleanup efforts for fishermen like Martin. The money is coming from the European Union and the Catalan government. Sergi Tudela, the General Director of Catalonia Fisheries, is responsible for the cleanup project. He said, "We are hopeful that if we are successful in this project, we can apply it to other areas in the Mediterranean（地中海）."

Government reports show that the amount of plastic wastes washing up along the Spanish coastline has grown by 65 percent in just six years. Fishing equipment makes up a large part of the about 8 to 12 million tons of plastics left in the world's oceans every year.

Martin says the fishing community now understands how big the problem is. He says, "In the past we didn't see it that way. We took the plastic garbage and threw it back into the water. I think that after a few year here we have realized the problem. Nothing is thrown into the water; we collect everything and bring it to shore.

1. What worries Martin most about plastic wastes at the beginning?

A．They pollute the sea environment.

B．They affect the quality and taste of fish.

C．They prevent the fishing nets from working well.

D．They kill wildlife and reduce his fishing amount.

2. What does Sergi Tudela probably consider doing?

A．Getting more money to support the project.

B．Getting help from other European countries.

C．Spreading the cleanup project to more places.

D．Praising the European Union for their helping to the oceans.

3. What do Martin's words in the last paragraph imply（暗示）about the fishing community?

A．Its members do a lot of work for free.

B．It has stopped using plastic fishing equipment.

C．It has made positive changes to fight plastic wastes.

D．Its members find people sill throw the garbage carelessly.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．New programs are changing fishermen's life

B．Money is given to Spanish fishermen to clean up oceans

C．Traditional fishing equipment causes a lot of plastic wastes

D．Spanish fishermen are encouraging people to clean up oceans

5 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文. 文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处. 每次错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下面写出该加的词.
删除：把多余的词用（\）划掉.
修改：在错的词下画一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词.
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分.

Rain is great importance to us. Without rain, our water supply would be cut off and we would die, so will plants and animals. Therefore, too much rain does a lot of harm to us. It floods fields, towns and cities, causes us great losses. So far man's control over rain had never ceased. If they can gain more effective control over rain, we will enjoy more free from nature. Fortunate, we human beings have taken steps, such as planting more trees and using weather forecasts, it helps avoid flood damage and protect our water supply. I am greatly convinced that only if we join the hands to fight our common enemy can we live a rosy life.

6 . Swimming at the beach or in a backyard pool are well-known Australian summer activities. But while it is usually a fun time of year, there is a serious side to summer that you might not know about.

    1    There are lots of trees and dry grass in remote areas that can easily catch fire. Even throwing a burning cigarette out of a car window can cause a lot of damage.       2    

In February, there were more than 80 different bushfires burning at the same time in New South Wales, a southeastern state of Australia. The Guardian newspaper reported that 42 homes were burned to the ground because of these fires.     3    They are huge farms. Many Australian properties(房产)are larger than 1,000 square kilometers, while the biggest is more than 20,000 square kilometers—even larger than Beijing.

Every household prepares for bushfire season and protects their property. But sometimes the fires are too big and people have to move to safety.

    4     It was so hot in February that thousands of bats died from the heat. People can get sick if they stay outside for too long or don’t drink enough water. The heat can also cause power problems for homes and businesses.

    5    But it is worth remembering that the heat can cause lots of problems, too.

A．The Australian summer is enjoyable.

B．The hot weather also causes other problems.

C．These homes are not like Chinese ones.

D．Thanks to climate change, this year’s situation is even worse.

E．That is why summer is also known as ‘bushfire season” in Australia.

F．The dry season lasts about six months, usually between April and October.

G．The extreme heat, which can go above 40°C in some cities, is very dangerous.

7 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What did the man think of Americans?

A．Health-conscious.

B．Ignorant.

C．Lazy.

2. Why does the man mention organic foods?

A．To show how influential American food culture is.

B．To show how people’s attitudes have changed.

C．To show that Americans are spending more on food.

3. According to the woman, why are things different now?

A．People have access to more information.

B．People are more active in general.

C．People are more positive.

4. What does the woman try to avoid?

A．Watching too much TV.

B．Eating fast food.

C．Driving her car.