1 . 假如你是李华，你校将举办一次主题为“环保校园，节能从我做起”的演讲比赛。请你写一篇英语演讲稿。内容包括：
1.校园浪费现象：
2.作为学生，我们该如何做；
3.呼吁大家一起行动。
注意：写作词数80左右。开头结尾已给出。

Good morning everyone. I’m Lihua.

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Thank you.

2 . 课文默写

A comprehensive initiative was started, with a number of measures that     1    . The construction of     2     improved the water quality and water conservation. The collection and transport of     3     was also improved. Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved. The local government     4     regarding further industrial development. New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and     5    

4 . Gracing every continent of the Earth, wetlands are essential to the planet’s health, often compared to its vital organs, acting as arteries (动脉) that carry water and as kidneys that filter harmful substances.

Wetlands serve as protectors: they form protective barriers against tsunamis and absorb the excess rainfall. During the dry season in dry climates, wetlands release the stored water which helps delay the attack of drought and reduce water shortages. They also store vast quantities of carbon, helping ease climate change. Home to some of the most diverse and rich ecosystems, wetlands support one billion people. 40 percent of all plant and animal species live or breed in wetlands.

World Wetlands Day is observed each year on 2 February to increase people’s understanding of the importance of wetlands and raise awareness of the urgent need to protect the threatened natural treasure.

“We are proud to join in this celebration and recognize the unique and valuable ecosystem services provided by wetlands. We are committed to doing our part to conserve and protect wetlands, and we are calling on all of you to join us in this vital cause,” said UNCCD (The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw.

To date, nearly 90 percent of the world’s wetlands have been degraded or lost, with 35 percent in the last 50 years alone. That is why on this World Wetlands Day, UNCCD is joining the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands and other partners to highlight the examples of countries and communities making strides in wetland restoration.

As stressed by the UNCCD Executive Secretary Ibrahim Thiaw, successful wetland restoration requires a joint effort from governments, civil society and the private sector. Investments in science for technology innovation, infrastructure for effective management and financial mechanisms for project implementation (实施) can turn the tide toward a better future for wetlands.

1. How does the author present the current situation of wetlands in paragraph 5?

A．By giving examples.	B．By listing figures.
C．By making comparisons.	D．By analyzing causes.

2. What do the underlined words “turn the tide” mean in paragraph 6?

A．Follow the trend.

B．Break the ice.

C．Run the risk.

D．Change the game.

3. What is the text mainly about?

A．Wetland ecosystem.

B．Wetland restoration.

C．Wetland exploration.

D．Wetland biodiversity.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Earth Day was founded in 1970 as a day of education about environmental problems, and Earth Day 2020     1     (fall) on Wednesday, April 22 — the holiday’s 50th anniversary. The holiday is now a global celebration that’s sometimes extended into Earth Week, a full seven days of events focused on green living.

    2    (elect) to the U. S. Senate (参议院) in 1962, Senator Gaylord Nelson was determined to convince the federal government that the planet was     3     risk. In 1969, Nelson developed the idea for Earth Day after     4     (inspire) by some teaching activities     5     were taking place on college campuses around the United States.

Denis Hayes, a young activist who had served as student president at Stanford University,     6    (select) as Earth Day’s national coordinator (协调者), and he worked with     7     army of student volunteers and several staff members from Nelson’s Senate office     8    (organize) the project.

The first Earth Day was effective at raising     9     (aware) about environmental problems and transforming public attitudes. Earth Day kicked off the “Environmental decade with a bang,” as Senator Nelson later put it. The theme of Earth Day 2020 is “climate action.” EarthDay.org hopes it will be the     10     (large) volunteer event in history.

7 . 假定你是校英语社团负责人，计划组织“环保宣传进社区（Go into Communities for Environmental Protection）”活动。请你写一个活动策划方案。内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动内容。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。
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8 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。

The heat wave that broke high temperature records in five European countries a week ago is now over Greenland,     1     (cause) the surface of the island’s vast ice sheet to melt at near-record levels and a huge     2     (lose) of ice in the Arctic. On Wednesday alone, more than 10 billion tons of ice was lost to the oceans by surface melt, which is equal to about 4,000,000 Olympic-sized swimming pools.

Melting     3     (increase) in recent decades because of climate change and has been decreasing accumulation from snow. Previously, during the 1970s and the 1980s, Greenland lost an average of 50 billion tons of ice each year. From 2010 to 2018,that figure shot up to 290 billion Tons     4     (annual). Next summer, the extent of the melt could surpass (超过) the record set in 2012,    5     about 97% of the ice sheet’s surface began to melt, NASA-JPL Caltech reported at the time.

Greenland, the world’s     6       (large) island, lies between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans, with 82 per cent of its surface covered in ice.     7     June 2019 study by scientists in the U.S. and Denmark said melting ice in Greenland alone would add between 5 and 33 centimeters to the rising     8     (globe) sea levels by the year 2100.     9     all the ice in Greenland melted, which would take centuries, the world’s oceans would rise     10     7.2 meter.

9 . I strongly believe that individual actions make a difference to our environment. I’ve been a vegetarian for more than two decades, choose to be child-free partially because I can’t justify my genes’ importance over the shocking amount of resources needed for raising another American, and haven’t owned a car in four years. Those things, over time, will absolutely reduce my impact on our beautiful world, and the more people do them, the greater the impact is.

But it’s not nearly enough.

While I will continue to do my part to fight climate change, I have to wonder why there isn’t an equal effort by those who have the biggest impact. According to a recent report, 71% of greenhouse gases are produced by just 100 companies. Surely, working to minimize their emissions (排放物) will do far more, much faster than me talking people’s ears off on Facebook about eating less meat. After all, I have been doing that kind of work for 20 years now, and we are still headed towards climate disaster.

Why should so much of the solution to global warming be on the shoulders of individuals?

When President Kennedy decided we needed to beat the Russians to the moon landing, he didn’t encourage housewives to figure out bow to get there. He got the smartest and most talented people together to solve the challenges. NASA got us there, with lots of hard work and late nights, and also full encouragement and funding from the US government.

But this is not the case with climate change. Big companies are let off the hook while we take on the huge burden of dealing with the emissions of the biggest and most powerful. That strikes me as just plain unfair. The serious threats of climate change require an all-hand-on-deck response. Corporations need to do their part, because I can’t do it on my own.

1. Why does the author choose not to have a child?

A．America doesn’t have large amounts of resources.

B．A child can’t justify the importance of her genes.

C．She tries to avoid the trouble of raising a child.

D．She wants to reduce her impact on the environment.

2. What does the underlined phrase “that kind of work” refer to in Paragraph 3?

A．Minimizing companies’ emissions.

B．Recommending a vegetarian diet.

C．Talking with friends on Facebook.

D．Heading towards climate disaster.

3. Why does the author mention America’s moon landing in Paragraph 5?

A．To praise housewives’ contribution.

B．To remember a former president.

C．To stress the importance of government’s role.

D．To encourage NASA to take on the challenge.

10 . Early fifth-century philosopher St. Augustine famously wrote that he knew what time was unless someone asked him. Albert Einstein added another wrinkle when he theorized that time varies depending on where you measure it. Today’s state-of-the-art atomic(原子的) clocks have proven Einstein right. Even advanced physics can’t decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends on the question you’re asking.

Forget about time as an absolute. What if, instead of considering time in terms of astronomy, we related time to ecology? What if we allowed environmental conditions to set the tempo(节奏) of human life? We’re increasingly aware of the fact that we can’t control Earth systems with engineering alone, and realizing that we need to moderate(调节) our actions if we hope to live in balance. What if our definition of time reflected that?

Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that’s connected to circumstances on our planet, conditions that might change as a result of global warming. We’re now building a clock at the Anchorage Museum that reflects the total flow of several major Alaskan rivers, which are sensitive to local and global environmental changes. We’ve programmed it to match an atomic clock if the waterways continue to flow at their present rate. If the rivers run faster in the future on average, the clock will get ahead of standard time. If they run slower, you’ll see the opposite effect.

The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long-term trends in river dynamics. It’s a sort of observatory that reveals how the rivers are behaving from their own temporal frame(时间框架), and allows us to witness those changes on our smartwatches or phones. Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. In pre-Classical Greece, for instance, people “corrected” official calendars by shifting dates forward or backward to reflect the change of season. Temporal connect ion to the environment was vital to their survival. Likewise, river. time and other timekeeping systems we’re developing may encourage environmental awareness.

When St. Augustine admitted his inability to define time, he highlighted one of time’s most noticeable qualities: Time becomes meaningful only in a defined context. Any timekeeping system is valid, and each is as praiseworthy as its purpose.

1. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

A．Everyone can define time on their own terms.

B．Timekeeping is increasingly related to nature.

C．The qualities of time vary with how you measure it.

D．Time is a major concern of philosophers and scientists

2. The author raises three questions in Paragraph 2 mainly to          .

A．evaluate an argument

B．introduce an approach

C．present an assumption

D．highlight an experiment

3. What can we learn from this passage?

A．Those who do not go on river time will live an imbalanced life.

B．New ways of measuring time can help to control Earth systems.

C．Atomic time will get ahead   of river time if the rivers run slower.

D．Modern technology may help to shape the rivers’ temporal frame.

4. What can we infer from this passage?

A．History is a mirror reflecting reality.

B．We should live in harmony with nature.

C．A fixed frame will make time meaningless.

D．It is crucial to improve the definition of time.