1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Among all the members in the cat family, the Siberian tiger is the largest in size. Also known as the Northeast Tiger in China, the Siberian tiger is one of the most     1     (endanger) animals in the world, mainly living in Russia’s Far East and Northeast China. Now about 500 Siberian tigers are believed to be living in the wild. Long ago, Siberian tigers     2     (be) all over Northeast Asia and Russian Far East, but today they are found mainly along the Chinese-Russian border and     3     (possible) in North Korea. The main reason for their decrease in numbers is the     4     (disappear) of their natural habitat. Fortunately, steps     5     (take) to save this magnificent creature in recent years and as a consequence numbers are     6     the rise.

Recently, a wild Siberian tiger has been spotted in a forest area in Northeast China’s Heilongjiang province.     7     (suggest) the ongoing improvement of the local ecological environment, according to forest rangers (护林人). News report says that footprints and excrement (排泄物) of a suspected Siberian tiger were found by local forest rangers and they checked the infrared (红外线) cameras in the area and saw     8       appeared to be an adult wild tiger. A DNA test of the tiger’s excrement has confirmed that it is     9       new adult male tiger. rather than the one rescued and later released into the wild in 2021. “This is the fifth adult wild Siberian tiger     10     has been spotted in the Muling forest-area in recent years,” they said.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Nore that there is one more word than you need.

A. approached        B. claims             C. cover        D. crises          E. hardly        F left G. occurrence        H. reluctantly        I. spill            J. stricken        K. warnings

THE WILSONS RIVER broke its banks on the night of February 27th while Lismore, a town of around 30, 000 in New South Wales, was sleeping. Its residents slept through early-hours emergency     1     that “risk to life was approaching”. Within bours the town was submerged. Residents scrambled into their attics. Mothers carried children onto rooftops. An army of locals launched tin boats into the floods to save them. Four people died.

Eastern Australia has been     2     by what politicians call “once-in-1, 000-year” flooding. It has already had a rainy summer because of La Nia, a phenomenon which triggers downpours there. Brisbane, Queensland's capital, received almost 80% of its annual rainfall in less than a week in February, flooding 15, 000 homes. As the rain     3     northern New South Wales, it ripped up roads and drowned herds of cattle. Storms hit Sydney on March 8th, causing a dam to     4     over. Some 50, 000 people in the state have been forced to evacuate.

Scientists are careful when blaming floods on global warming because everything from rainfall to urban development contributes to them. Whatever the cause, extreme weather is now a regular     5     in Australia. In 2019 and 2020 vast lands of the country were torched in bushfires which destroyed more than 3, 000 homes and killed 33 people.

When disaster strikes, official aid is often slow to come. In 2019 the federal government set aside almost A$4bn ($2. 9bn) fora fund that would help it respond to     6     and relieve future ones. But it has spent     7     any of that money. It has now deployed the army and is dishing out cash to victims, but locals get angry that they were     8     for days without power or fuel as supplies of food and water shrank.

A debate now continues about how or even whether places like Lismore should rebuild. Analysts think the floods might trigger insurance     9     worth more than A$3bn. Premiums (保险费) are already so high in disaster-prone towns that many locals can no longer afford     10     . “If we are going to start thinking every time there's a natural disaster that we have to give up and leave because it's too hard, then where are we going to live?” asks Lismore's mayor, Steve Krieg. That is becoming a question for ever more Australians.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Most of us know to stay low to the floor if we are caught in a fire, or head to the basement if a tornado’s coming, or board up the window in a hurricane. But, the massive earthquake that hit Haiti this month was a reminder that we are far    1     (expert) in what to do when the ground below us shakes. If we are in a house or building, for example, our first impulse might be to run outside-but, counter-intuitive (违反直觉的)     2     it might sound, experts warn against that since people are too often killed by falling debris as they try to escape.

Given how many of us travel in quake-prone regions today, even folks who don’t reside in California should know how to survive an earthquake. But there are two different and competing schools of thought on the matter, both of    3     are considered valid but perhaps not always in the same situations.

The most conventional and widely     4     (accept) by the disaster-response community is the “drop, cover and hold on” approach, which urges people to take cover beneath something like a heavy table to avoid     5     (fall) objects. The second, newer method is known as “the triangle of life.” It recommends lying down in a fetal (胎儿的) position not under but next to furniture; as roofs and wall collapse atop those sofas and desks, buffer spaces are created that protect people from being crushed.

Over the past decade, an agreement       6     (reach) that “drop, cover and hold on” is a more appropriate method for developed countries like the U. S. ,     7     improved construction has reduced the likelihood of structures collapsing greatly. The triangle of life is thought to be more appropriate in developing nations       8     Haiti, because there the poor building codes make finding a “survivable void” inside a collapsed building more important than       9     (protect) yourself from falling chandeliers. If you’re going to play the odds, drop- and-cover may be the best way to go, but a lot of emergency responders might say triangle-of-life because they    10     have seen the fatalities in buildings that do collapse.

4 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Repair Café

When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them? If you're     1     a lot of people, you probably just throw them away.

This tendency has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this trend. In some areas     2     it's difficult to find people who can make repairs, fixing things can be quite expensive. Also, some small appliances are so inexpensive that it's often much     3     (easy) to just buy a new one.

In 2009, Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafés: places where people can take damaged or     4     (tear) items. There they will find tools, resources and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs.

Postma's first Repair Café opened on Oct. 18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the café spread, and people began asking     5     they could start their own. In 2011, Postma established the Repair Café Foundation. This nonprofit organization provides guidance to those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group.

Today, there are roughly 2,000 Repair Cafés around the world with meetings typically    6     (occur) once a month. Around 25 objects per session are repaired.     7     is free, but donations are greatly appreciated.

Not only do the cafés provide help with repairs, they also strengthen community ties. Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and preserved. Items are kept     8     thrown away, meaning less trash in landfills.    9     an average broken item weighs a kilo, it's been estimated that 2,000 Repair Cafés prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That    10     (add) up to about 420,000 kilos per year!

5 . Topher White spends so much time walking in the forest and thinking about how quickly we’re losing it. The engineer is determined to stop global deforestation. Founder of the San Francisco-based non-profit Rainforest Connection, White has developed a small but clever strategy: using old cell phones to listen for the sound of destruction.

Forests are disappearing worldwide, and fast：an area about half the size of England is lost each year. The Amazon has lost close to one-fifth of its rainforest cover in the last four decades. Forest loss not only harms wildlife, including many species that live nowhere else, but it’s also a big contributor to the greenhouse gas emission(排放)that cause climate change.

”I didn’t know any of this when I started,“ says White, who began his journey in 2011, when he traveled to Indonesian Borneo to help decreasing gibbons(长臂猿).

Between 50 and 90 percent of the logging that happens in the world’s rainforests is illegal, according to White, yet detecting chainsaws(电锯)and other sounds related to that activity can be tough, because the air is already filled with the loud unpleasant mixture of sounds from nature. So he has developed a system in which he installs a cell phone that stays charged by solar cells, attaches an extra microphone, and listens. From there, the device can detect the sounds of chainsaws nearly a mile away.

Because it’s unfeasible to have people listening to the devices all the time, he added some “old-school data analysis”, so that the cell phone’s computers can distinguish a chainsaw’s sound from others in the forest. This way, his device can automatically detect logging activity and send a text alert to authorities who can determine if it’s illegal and then stop it.

White notes that he’s not alone in the fight: Many people and organizations are working tirelessly to stop forests from disappearing. For instance, local groups are particularly active in forest conservation efforts, White says.

So far, his monitoring devices have been used in Cameroon, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil and will soon be used in Bolivia. It’s not just about listening for logging. The same technology that can pick out the buzz of a chainsaw can pick out the sounds of specific birds, which is why Whtie sees the forest recordings as a potential science tool. He’s urging biologists and ecologists to use his monitoring system anywhere, whether it’s a remote forest or a park in London. “The more we learn about these places,” he says, “the easier it’ll be to protect them.”

1. The second paragraph is mainly about         .

A．the measures to prevent forest loss

B．the causes and effects of forest loss

C．the areas that suffer great forest loss

D．the urgency about reducing forest loss

2. What does the underlined word “unfeasible” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?

A．Impractical.

B．Unnecessary.

C．Possible.

D．Significant.

3. In Topher White’s opinion, we should protect nature based on         .

A．our advanced technology	B．our strong teamwork spirit
C．our good understanding of it	D．our environmental awareness

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Efforts should be taken to preserve nature

B．Your old cell phone can help save the rainforest

C．Old cell phones can be used for helping gibbons

D．A creative way is being used to protect specific birds

7 . The East African country of Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the government intensified the efforts with a ban on single-use plastics in protected areas. Unfortunately, the measures have _________ made any impact. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer (聚合物) waste continue to get _________ into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colourful bricks.

The material engineer’s search to find a(n) _________ solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job as a data analyst at a local chemical factory and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to _________ a partner to help build the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.

She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and material engineering to do something about the problem of plastic waste pollution. But I was very _________ that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by _________ the waste into the construction and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”

Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled. The polymer is obtained _________ from factories or picked by hired locals from Nairobi’s largest landfill, Dandora.

The collected plastic is _________ with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed into bricks that vary in colour and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than concrete bricks.

Matee, who was recently recognized as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental _________ — is far from done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash in Dandora to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle the plastic, the more we produce affordable housing, and the more we create __________ for the youth.”

1.

A．barely

B．nearly

C．mildly

D．equally

2.

A．leaked

B．turned

C．loaded

D．dumped

3.

A．personal

B．orderly

C．feasible

D．adjustable

4.

A．remind

B．convince

C．assure

D．direct

5.

A．clear

B．fair

C．bold

D．mature

6.

A．enclosing

B．distributing

C．channelling

D．reversing

7.

A．distantly

B．openly

C．secretly

D．directly

8.

A．replaced

B．mixed

C．equipped

D．fixed

9.

A．level

B．grant

C．diploma

D．honour

10.

A．employment

B．experiment

C．entertainment

D．investment

10 . Scientists have reported that the sea ice in Antarctica is at a record low level. Antarctica is a great, icy land, surrounded by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn't just cover the land. There’s also a large area of sea ice on the ocean’s surface.

Every year, the sea ice at the South Pole goes through a cycle. In the summer, the huge sea ice melts to its smallest point. Over the colder winter months, the sea ice grows and grows until it covers a wide area. Usually, the sea ice covers the greatest area around September 23, as winter ends at the South Pole.

Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica has seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016. Now, for several years, the area of Antartica’s sea ice has been shrinking.

This year, the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) reported that Antartica’s sea ice covered its greatest area on September 10 — almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice was at a new record low-not just by a little bit, but by a lot.

The last time Antartica’s low sea ice set a record at the end of winter was in 1986. And this year, there’s about 398,000 square miles less sea ice than in 1986.

Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. One likely direct cause for the change is the rising temperatures of the world’s oceans. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says Antarctica’s ice levels have always changed some, but the sharp loss this year is “pointing towards warmer ocean conditions around the continent.”

The new low record has worried the scientists. Scientists are working hard to better understand Antarctica. They don’t know yet if this is just a short-term problem, or part of a long-term shift towards less sea ice in Antarctica.

1. Which phrase may replace the underlined word “shrinking” in Paragraph 3?

A．on the increase

B．under attack

C．under observation

D．on the decrease

2. Why does the author mention the record in 1986?

A．He wants to warn us of the severe condition of Antarctic sea ice.

B．He wants to inform us of a specific example of Antarctic sea ice.

C．He wants to convince us of the real data of Antarctic sea ice.

D．He wants to tell us the importance of protecting Antarctic sea ice.

3. The main drive behind the change in Antarctica’s sea ice may be _______.

A．illegal fishing	B．warmer sea water
C．the changing climate	D．tourists’ activities

4. What is scientists’ towards the low record of sea ice?

A．amazed

B．disappointed

C．concerned

D．pleased