3 . Every year, over 17 trillion pounds of plastic are washed into the oceans, making five huge areas in the world’s oceans “soups” of floating trash. One of these areas, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, is three times as large as France.

Over a year ago, a group called Ocean Cleanup began using a huge floating screen (隔板) to try to clean up plastic pollution in the ocean. After several failures, the group is now collecting plastic. But the plastic is spread out over a large area, so it’s impossible to collect it piece by piece. Ocean Cleanup’s plan is to gather up the floating plastic, making it easier to remove.

Boyan Slat, a member of Ocean Cleanup, got the idea for the Ocean Cleanup system: a 2,000-foot-long floating U-shaped tube with a screen hanging below it. As the tube and screen are pushed by the water and the wind, the U tube is meant to collect plastic trash, making it easy for a ship to collect and remove the plastic. The system uses the power of the wind and ocean, so it doesn’t need fuel.

The group began testing the first version, called “System 001”, in September, 2018. But it soon became clear that the screen was just moving with the plastic, not collecting it. But Mr. Slat saw the project as an experiment, which meant a failure is a chance to learn. The team collected and studied lots of information about what worked well and what didn’t. Then they changed the design. In last June, an improved version, called “System 001/B” was born.

The new version has a parachute (降落伞) attached to it. This makes the system move slightly slower than the plastic, allowing plastic to be collected inside, as planned. System 001/B is now collecting plastic of all sizes, from a large fishing net to tiny bits of plastic as small as 1 millimeter.

But this success is still just the beginning of the work for Ocean Cleanup. Now the group want to use what they’ve learned to design a better and larger system that can collect plastic for up to a year before a ship comes to remove it.

1. What was the problem that Ocean Cleanup faced at first?

A．The plastic was hard to collect.	B．The rubbish was too much.
C．They lacked good screens.	D．They had few members.

2. What can we know about System 001?

A．It proved to be a success.	B．It was connected to a ship.
C．It was environmentally friendly.	D．It collected plastic piece by piece.

3. What does the group expect the future system to do?

A．Recycle clear plastic.	B．Work longer on the sea.
C．Have wide applications.	D．Collect tinier bits of plastic.

4. Where is the text most likely from?

A．A magazine.	B．A guidebook.
C．A science fiction.	D．A diary.

5 . We’re loving the sea to death. We swim into it, live near it, build beside it, and even imagine about living under the sea. For much of our history, we have turned to “hard engineering” to control the marine environment and manage its influence on us. We build dams, sea walls and channels. But all these efforts seem to fail, because we’ve not been thinking about design of structures with respect to ecology. Some coastal structures create shade, which reduces the growth of seaweed. Bright lights at night contuse species such as turtles. That’s why blue engineering comes in.

Johnson, a marine ecologist, is advocating for “blue engineering” — the marine version of the “green engineering” movement on land that has seen nations like Singapore building the walls and roofs of the concrete jungle with plant life.

Researchers with the World Harbour Project are creating tiles similar to the natural structures found on rocky shores with 3D printing technology. These make more attractive homes for marine creatures. Researchers are also actively seeding these tiles with local seaweeds and creatures such as the Sydney rock oyster, which is particularly good at improving water quality. Twelve harbors around the world are taking part in this marine tile experiment, each working with their own unique marine life.

It’s a far cry from the days when huge numbers of old tyres were thrown into the sea to build “artificial reefs”. Those early attempts are now costing millions to remove, showing just how far we have yet to go in understanding how best to co-habit with the underwater world.

1. What do we know about “hard engineering”?

A．It has improved sea environment.	B．It controls the influence of sea well.
C．It has failed to achieve its purpose.	D．It makes living under the sea possible.

2. What does the underlined word “contuse” in Paragraph 1 mean？

A．Injure.

B．Heat.

C．Defend.

D．Involve.

3. Which of the following is a form of “blue engineering”?

A．Growing plant life on concrete buildings.	B．Building rocky shores with 3D printers.
C．Creating an artificial reef with old tyres.	D．Building structures benefiting sea creatures.

4. What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．Two ways of sea engineering.	B．The green engineering movement.
C．Construction of artificial reefs.	D．Research on blue engineering.

6 . 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When a tornado(龙卷风) touched down in a small town nearby,many families were left completed ruined. Afterward all the local newspapers carried many human-interest stories featuring some of the families who suffered the hardest.

One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely shattered(破碎的) mobile home, a depressed expression on her face. A young boy, seven or eight years old, stood at her side, eyes downward. Clutching(紧握) at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.

The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I stuck the picture of the young family on our refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three-year-old Meghan.

“These poor people now have nothing,” I said. “We’ll share what we have with them. I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor. Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.

While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up old toys and games.

Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her chest. She came to the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys.

“Oh, Honey,” I said.” You don’t have to give Lucy. You love her so much.”

Meghan nodded seriously, eyes filled with held-back tears. "Lucy makes me happy, Mommy. Maybe she’ll make that other little girl happy,too.”

Paragraph. 1:

The boys had watched,open-mouthed,as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph. 2:

I looked my children for a long moment.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . The number of birds in North America has declined by almost 3 billion since 1970, according to a study published in Science. The researchers estimated changes in the populations of 529 species using long-term bird-monitoring databases. Those data showed that the number of individual birds across all of those species had decreased by 29 percent, from around 10 billion in 1970 to just over 7 billion in 2017.

“The data they used provide probably the best long-term, large information on species abundances for any group of animals or plants anywhere in the world,” Natalie Wright, a bird biologist tells The Atlantic. “There’s always uncertainty, but if they are wrong, they are likely underestimating the size of population declines.”

The team also examined 10 years’ worth of data from a network of 143 weather radars, which pick up bird migrations, and found a reduction in migratory biomass of about 14 percent since 2007. “Two completely different and independent monitoring techniques thus signal major population loss across the continent,” the authors wrote in their paper.

The results are particularly concerning because many of the species showing declines are not considered rare or in danger, but are almost everywhere and potentially act as important contributors to food webs and ecosystem function. More than 90 percent of the loss in abundance in the survey data was due to declines in 12 families, including sparrows and blackbirds. Some other species, including many ducks, instead showed increases in abundance—possibly as a result of focused conservation efforts in recent years.

The findings should be a wake-up call. Many of the birds studied spend time in multiple countries within and beyond North America. What our birds need now is a historic, global effort that unites people and organizations with one common goal: bringing our birds back.

1. How does the first paragraph show the bird reduction?

A．By comparing figures.	B．By listing some examples.
C．By using experts’ words.	D．By doing experiments.

2. What can we infer about the function of the data according to Natalie Wright?

A．It’s wrong.

B．It’s formal.

C．It’s helpful.

D．It’s useless.

3. Which of the following is particularly worrying?

A．The focus of conservation efforts has turned out wrong.

B．Some ducks are likely to lose their ecosystem function.

C．Few species across the continent show the increase.

D．The population of widespread species is declining.

4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A．To point out the importance of raising birds.

B．To call on people to work together to bring birds back.

C．To analyze the concerning results of long-term research.

D．To inform people of the dangers many species are facing.

8 . 假定你是李华，你将去参加青少年环保交流大会，请就你校校园垃圾分类情况拟定英文发言稿，内容包括：
1. 取得的成果；
2. 存在的不足；
3. 改进的措施。
注意：1.词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,

I’m Li Hua, from Hongxing High School. I feel honored to talk about garbage sorting in my school.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Thanks for your listening.

9 . Imagine possessing something that you loved so much. Imagine what it would feel like if you lost it. While that item may be something as simple as a toy, you would still feel very upset, but you could replace it with a new one. Now imagine losing something that you depend on for survival and cannot be replaced. That is what it would be like if we lost the natural environment around us.

Firstly, I believe the environment should be protected because it supports human life. One of the largest examples is that we get all of our food and drinks from the environment. If the environment were to be destroyed beyond revival, then the human race would be over in months. Scientists have to find another planet with similar conditions to the Earth, and if it's found, we don’t have the technology to get to that planet in time.

Secondly, I believe that the environment serves as an amazing educational tool for students. When I was in second grade, I had an absolute interest in animals. When we had a field trip to the Daggerwing Nature Center, I was very excited. When we got there, I could hardly believe what I was seeing. There was a bridge to get to the main building, and under the bridge was a small swamp (沼泽) with turtles, fish, and my personal favorite, alligators. I was so surprised that I almost ran into the tour guide. We walked into the building and saw various animals in their habitats. I was so inspired by this visit. Six years later, I have taken an animal behavior class for three weeks. Meeting by chance with the environment can inspire people, and if preserved, it will continue to inspire people.

In conclusion, the environment is so valuable because it can't be replaced, keeps us alive, and serves as a great educational tool.

1. The first paragraph leads to the theme of the text by________________.

A．describing a process.	B．presenting differences.
C．analyzing causes.	D．showing similarities.

2. The underlined word “revival” in paragraph 2 refers to_________________.

A．health.	B．recovery.
C．range.	D．survival.

3. What's the function of paragraph 3?

A．To express the writer’s absolute interest in animals.

B．To introduce the Daggerwing Nature Centers scenery.

C．To show the environment can inspire and educate people.

D．To prove the subject he has chosen is promising.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Why the Environment Is So Important?

B．Which Planet Can Replace the Earth?

C．How People Should Protect the Environment?

D．What People Can Do to Stop Pollution?