1 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. astonishing   B. processing   C. ensure   D. blame   E. virtually F. routinely     G. occurs       H. consequences I. admitted   J. decent   K. estimated

As many sit down to enjoy plentiful holiday meals this season, it’s also a good time to note the growing problem of food waste.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is     1     that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.

The economic and environmental impacts of food loss and waste are     2    . More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.

What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly     3     at the front of the food chain — during production, post-harvest, and     4     — and it’s more common in the developing world, where all of the food usually can’t be delivered in     5     shape, to consumers.

In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage     6    that most of the food they grow reaches the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.

Store managers     7     over-order goods, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain Tesco, for example,     8     throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.

Consumers are also to     9    . We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no     10     for dumping eatable food into a bin.

2 . Have you got any gadgets hanging around your home that you no longer want or use? Between us, we have millions of bits of tech stockpiled in drawers that could be given a new lease of life.

Part of the problem for our unloved gadgets is that many become obsolete quickly because their software doesn’t get updated. Other items are left unused because they’re broken or they’ve become replaced by a fancy new version. Many of these items are electronics, but despite them appearing to be past their sell-by date, they don’t need to end up in landfill. And here are some tips for you to make the most of our unwanted gadgets.

Recycling is the obvious solution

Materials used to make them can be extracted and reused in other things. As an example, Elisabeth Ratcliffe from the Royal Society of Chemistry told the BBC: “There are about thirty different elements just in a smartphone, and many of them are very rare. ” These can be used in touch screens and solar panels.

Repairing is the best approach

Probably the best approach to our throwaway culture is to repair our broken tech. This takes patience and skill, which can be learnt at repair clubs and repair cafés—free meeting places where you’ ll find tools and materials to help you make any repairs you need. In the UK, the interest in mending our stuff and giving it a new life is reflected by the popularity of a TV series called The Repair Shop, where craftspeople rescue and resurrect items their owners thought were beyond saving.

Upcycle is a final option

You can breathe new life into unwanted stuff by transforming it into valuable pieces or collectable retro items. These could be sold on, meaning you can make some cash from your junk and create much needed space in your home!

1. Which of the following isn’t the reason for the problems of unwanted gadgets?

A．Their software doesn’t get upgraded	B．They are substituted with senior versions
C．They need to end up in landfill	D．They may have passed sell-by date

2. In which way can you make some profit from dealing with thrown-away gadgets?

A．Recycle them

B．Repair them

C．Upcycle them

D．Reuse them

3. What is the best title for the passage?

A．How to make our gadgets last longer

B．How to protect environment better

C．The ways to use gadgets effectively

D．The problems of unwanted gadgets

3 . Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.

What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．The more, the better.

B．Enough is enough.

C．More money, more worries.

D．Earn more and spend more.

4 . It is reported that half of the food the world produces is never eaten but thrown away instead. Wasteful people in rich nations, however, are not the only food buyers. Poor countries, too, are throwing out perfect good food. According to Elliot Wooley, a professor who studies at Loughborough University, what should be noticed is that developed and developing countries have different causes for their waste.

Because of few food production methods, in developing countries, food is usually wasted while it is still in the field or during the storage and transportation process, but once food is sold, people usually eat everything they buy. In the United States and other developed countries, people throw away as much as half the food they buy.

Such a change among countries calls for special solutions. Professor Wooley’s answer to food waste is a smart-phone app that he created. It would inform people of how many goods they have bought, how long they will last and so on. At the international meeting held last month in Vietnam, the professor said the result from an experiment shows that people who used the app cut down the amount of food they wasted by 34 percent.

But Jeremy, a student from Germany thinks Professor Wooley’s app is not enough to prevent food waste. “It might help those who already want to change the way they use the food they buy, but it could also encourage them to waste more because they no longer have to pay attention to how much food they buy,” Jeremy said.

“The problem is that as food is getting cheaper, people are buying more food than they need, which will surely result in a huge waste,” Jeremy added, “so one way to prevent food waste is to persuade people to stop buying too much food in their first place.”

1. Which of the following is TRUE about food waste?

A．People in rich countries are more likely to waste food.

B．People in poor countries don’t value food at all.

C．Some countries waste food before it is sold.

D．All countries waste food before it is sold.

2. According to Professor Wooley, how could we prevent waste?

A．By using his app, food waste could be reduced.

B．By encouraging people to save food.

C．By informing people of the amount of food they buy.

D．By educating people to save food since childhood.

3. The student Jeremy doesn’t think much of the app because ________.

A．he has developed another app to prevent food waste

B．the app could only apply to those who plan to save

C．it will surely decrease more food waste

D．people still haven’t realized how serious waste is

4. According to Jeremy, what might be the best way to prevent food waste?

A．Buying food without control if it is cheap.

B．Persuading people not to throw away food.

C．Making laws to forbid people to waste food.

D．Persuading people not to buy more than they need.

5 . World Food Day falls on October 16 in memory of the day the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN was formed. The events of the day usually focus on reducing, or rather, removing hunger from the face of the earth. Farmers and government officials are often given tips on how to effectively get rid of hunger.

World Food Day was created by FAO member countries in November 1979. It was during their 20^th General Conference that the observance of World Food Day was decided. It was not observed until 1981 when the specific date was determined. Pal Romany, the then Hungary's Minister of Agriculture and Food, played an important role in the founding of World Food Day during the 20^th General Conference. Many people at the conference welcomed the idea.

World Food Day is not only celebrated by FAO and the United Nations, but several other organizations concerned with food security, hunger reduction, consumption of balanced diet and health also take part in the celebration. On the day, which is usually observed in more than 150 countries in the world, a number of activities like marathons, concerts, agricultural inventions, and cultural exhibitions and performances are usually organized.

Each year has its own theme to celebrate World Food Day. The themes are always related to food production, availability, and consumption. The themes are always set so that the public can come up with suggestions and ideas that are effective in dealing with hunger, poverty, and famine. In fact, most themes are agriculture related. This is because agriculture is the chief source of food.

World Food Day hopes to bring awareness to help people from around the globe solve issues concerning hunger and famine. It is meant to help farmers attain modern skills that would help achieve food security. The day is also set aside to encourage the government to think of approaches to keeping food security in a country.

1. What have you got to know about World Food Day?

A．Its celebrations have the identical theme relevant to agriculture.

B．It has been observed across the globe ever since it was created.

C．It is celebrated to remember one of the former crucial ministers.

D．It is meant to make people realize the importance of food security.

2. What can we infer from paragraph 3?

A．World Food Day is well-received.	B．Innovation is essential to agriculture.
C．The hunger problem is alleviated.	D．Food shortage is a worldwide issue.

3. What can be the most suitable title for the article?

A．World Food Day History	B．Why to Advocate Agriculture
C．World Food Day ABC	D．How to Tackle Hunger Issues

6 . Be a Green Guest

When people take a vacation, they often take vacation from responsibility, too. Our behavior at hotels is one of the biggest problems. We have our linens（纺织品）washed daily for us, and are provided with an endless stream of hot water—what's not to love about that? But all of this luxury equals serious consequences for the environment.     1     They offer programs and facilities that save water and energy. That's a good start, but there is a lot more you can do to cut down the amount of waste produced wherever.

•     2    

In America alone, there are about 50,000 hotels. Now think if hotel management leaves out two small bottles for each hotel room every day, that's a huge amount of little plastic bottles that may not even get recycled. And what about all of that shampoo when you don't finish the bottle? A better way is to bring your own shampoo from home.

•Turn off the lights.

You do it when you're at home, right? Do it at the hotel, too. Studies have shown that, in hotels, the majority of energy spent through lighting comes from the bathroom light being left on for more than one hour!     3     , remember to hit the switch!

•Don't have your sheets or towels washed every day.

Sure, it's a luxury to have linens and towels. cleaned every day, but that's all it is. Washing a set of bed sheets and a pair of bathroom towels requires about 12-16 gallons of water. See if there is a policy for requesting that your towels and linens get washed weekly. In some hotels, it's as simple as hanging towels back up on a hook.     4     .

These tips are also useful for trips to a friend's or relative's house.     5     They will also save your hosts a lot of money.

A．Think about bathroom facilities

B．Just say "no" to hotel shampoos

C．When you're using the bathroom

D．After you're done with your business

E．They will save plastic, water, and electricity

F．More and more hotels are becoming eco-friendly

G．In others, you may ask the front desk for a personal request

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Dave comes from a rich family. He is a friend of     1     (I). His parents always give him lots of pocket money. But Dave thinks his parents work very hard and that     2     is not easy for them to make money so what he does is     3     (save) more money. He has some good ways to do it.

Dave likes reading and he has lots of books. He tells me he often buys     4     (book) online, because they’re less expensive. And when he has free time, he often goes to bookstores or libraries to do some reading.

Dave has a bike. He usually goes to school by bike instead of     5     (take) a bus. Sometimes when it rains or snows, he walks. These two ways help Dave keep     6     (health) and save some money.

Dave brings a bottle of water to school every day. When other students drink juice, he     7     (enjoy) his water. He thinks water is the     8     (cheap) yet the best drink.

Some students think Dave is mean.     9     Dave doesn’t care at all. “Our parents almost pay for everything for us. We shouldn’t waste money buying things     10     are not needed,” says Dave.

8 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

The UK government recently has made a plan to reduce waste that shifts the responsibility for disposal (处置) from the state to the companies that make it.

The legislation (法律条文) requires waste producers to pay into the system     1     or through their suppliers. That is     2     the government called a Polluter Pays Principle. Simply     3     (state), the Polluter Pays Principle implies that the costs associated with pollution are to be paid by polluters, not by government or society. Businesses will have to change their waste processing before the tax comes into effect. This is similar to the anti-waste legislation passed in France in February 2020     4     forbids the producers to destruct the unsold clothing, cosmetics, and electrical products. Companies will have to reuse or recycle the items.

The demand for legislation like the tough attitude the UK     5     (take) has been increasing according to Positive News. And it is not just environmental groups calling for the changes. This is a consumer driven movement and people are willing to pay more for sustainable brands. In the past year alone, sales of consumer goods from brands with a demonstrated commitment to sustainability have grown more than 4% globally,     6    those without grew less than 1%.

What is absolutely certain is that local governments will save a lot of money as the responsibility shifts to the polluters. That could be     7     (good) invested in things like social care or parks or libraries. Other countries have already made great progress in reducing waste. So far, Sweden’s anti-waste program is so efficient that the whole country is running out of trash. The     8     (recycle) rate is almost 99 percent and they are rapidly approaching zero waste.

In many countries, kitchen and gardening waste makes up of the biggest part of waste. This type of waste,     9     collected separately, can be turned into an energy source or fertilizer.

    10     the differences in policies and regulations, one thing is clear: governments are sharing a common concept that the prevention of environmental damage should be based on concrete principles and solid actions.

9 . Apples, oranges and other fruit should be kept in the fridge to last long, new supermarket labels (标签) will say, in a move which could tell the end of the traditional fruit bowl. The labels will form part of the government-backed guidance to help customers bring down the amount of food they throw by changing advice on packs of supermarket food.

Under the plan supermarkets will introduce a new “Little Blue Fridge” sign for food which should be kept chilled (冷藏), or benefit from being kept in the fridge to prevent it going off. The sign will appear on much food which is not usually kept in the fridge. For example, the Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) pointed out that apples, oranges and pear, which are usually kept in a fruit bowl, should in fact be stored in the fridge.

Dr. Andrew Parry, a Special Advisor at WRAP, said, “Most fresh fruit and vegetables will keep fresher for longer if kept in their packaging and in the fridge. Generally a good way to manage fruit at home is to take out enough into the fruit bowl-if you prefer it at room temperature, but use your fridge as cold storage for the rest. This will give you more time to enjoy your food, and help cut down on waste.”

Environment Minister Therese Coffey said, “We know that confusing labels can lead to food waste by suggesting that esculent items need to be thrown away sooner. This new guidance will make packaging much clearer for customers, saving them money and cutting waste. I encourage all food businesses, large and small, to use this guidance to help them put the right date mark on food and help to guide people on the freezing products, which are key to cutting down on the amount of eatable food thrown away.”

Heather Hancock, Chairman of the Food Standards Agency, said, “I think this clear guidance can help deal with food waste, without damaging the safety of food. It will help businesses supply food that is properly described and stored, and safely provided to consumers.”

1. Which is in line with the goal of the government-backed guidance?

A．Encouraging business.	B．Lowering goods prices.
C．Cutting down on waste.	D．Improving product quality.

2. What's the meaning of the underlined word “esculent” in paragraph 4?

A．Eatable.

B．Bad.

C．Fresh.

D．Packaged.

3. What's Heather Hancock's attitude towards the government-backed guidance?

A．Doubtful.

B．Tolerant.

C．Positive.

D．Disappointed.

4. Which can be the best title for the text?

A．The Clearer Label Plan to Reduce Food Waste.

B．The Disadvantages of Confusing Labels on the Food.

C．The New Ways to Keep Fruit and Vegetables Fresh.

D．The End of the Traditional Fruit Bowl.

10 . Each year, the world wastes about one-sixth of the food available to consumers. It is estimated（估计）that the world has lost approximately 931 million metric tons of food so far. That's about an average of 121 kilograms for each man, woman and child on Earth.

What isn't eaten also wastes all of the resources used to make that food. Those resources include the water, energy, money, human labor and more. Wasted food "does not feed people, but it does feed climate change", said Otto, who works for the UN Environment Program (UNEP), during a news conference. Some 690 people go hungry each year. More than 3 billion people cannot afford a healthy diet. Meanwhile, the activities that had produced all of the lost and wasted food led to 8 to 10 percent of all global greenhouse-gas emission. Reducing food waste could ease hunger and possibly lower that pollution. That's the conclusion of the Food Waste Index Report 2021, a report issued on March 4.

The report's authors collected data on food-waste from 54 countries. Most food that went uneaten - 61 percent - was thrown out by home cooks and diners. Food services, such as restaurants, accounted for 26% more of the "lost" food. Groceries and other stores were responsible for 13% of the wasted food. Going in, Otto says, "We thought waste was mainly a problem in rich countries." In reality, the new report finds, food waste is a big problem in nations rich and poor.

While the report is the best study of the issue to date, several data gaps remain. The countries surveyed are home to just 75% of the world's population. What happens in other places remains unknown. And only 23 countries provided waste estimates for food losses by restaurants or retail stores. The researchers tried to account for such gaps. To do this, they made estimates based on what they learned in parts of the world that do tally such data.

Otto recommends that countries begin making more efficient use of food a part of their climate strategies and their COVID-19 recovery plans. "Food waste has been largely overlooked in national climate strategies," Otto said. "We know what to do. And we can take action quickly."

1. What is the main problem talked about in the passage?

A．World hunger.

B．Resource shortage.

C．Food losses.

D．Global warming.

2. Which of the following best describes the problem?

A．Potential

B．Shocking.

C．Incurable

D．Temporary.

3. What can we learn from what Otto said?

A．Climate change is caused by pollution.	B．Waste is a permanent problem.
C．No solution to the problem is available.	D．Food waste is a worldwide issue.

4. According to the passage, to reduce food waste seems to be _______.

A．a virtue to be advocated	B．a win-win solution
C．a battle unlikely to win	D．a matter of chance