1 . As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion on a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.”

The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. These pairs were asked to answer questions that were purposefully written to cause a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could handle a disagreement in a healthy way,” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Statistics.

In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents floundered in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.

The researchers suspect that controlling parents affect their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries， dominating strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future disagreements.

The consequences of tense or dominating relationships appear to worsen with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-llan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships.

1. What did the researchers from the University of Virginia do in their research?

A．They asked kids about how they got along with their parents.

B．They surveyed some parents about what rules kids needed.

C．They inquired into what the kids’ friends thought of them.

D．They traced their subjects for nearly eight years.

2. The phrase “floundered in” (in paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to ___.

A．struggled with

B．dealt with

C．looked over

D．took over

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Shmuel Shulman thinks more evidence is needed for the new research.

B．Controlling parents’ influence on their kids gets stronger as time goes by.

C．21-year-olds are more eager to be free of parents’ control than 18-year-olds.

D．Kids can handle disagreement better if their parents get along well with each other.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．Pushy parents could harm their kids’ social skills.

B．Kids should learn what friendly disagreements are.

C．Parents; affection matters in terms of kids; personality.

D．Few parents explain the reasons why they set boundaries.

2 . Some time ago, in my class I was about to fail a student for his answer to a physics question when the student claimed he deserved a better score. The examination question sounded “safe”,   “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer (气压表).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower the barometer to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of the rope is the height of the building.”

I argued that a high grade should prove his competence in physics, but the answer did not confirm this. I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer: A second best way is to take the barometer to the top of the building. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, using the formula to calculate the height of the building.

I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a U­turn in my teaching philosophy. I gave him full marks.

On his leaving my office, I recalled that he suggested there could be a better answer. So I asked him what it was. “Oh, yes,” said the student. “There are many ways. Probably the best,” he said, “is to take the barometer to the basement and ask the superintendent (大楼的管理人). You speak to him as follows, ‘Mr. Superintendent, here I have a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of this building, I will give it to you.’”

At this point, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional (常规的) answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think, and how to use the so­called “scientific method”. He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way. Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place and even more thankful that neither had he.

1. Why did the author want to fail the student in the first place?

A．The student challenged his authority.

B．The student’s answer was not practical.

C．The student didn’t show his academic ability.

D．The student had a poor performance in physics class.

2. According to the text, which answer is not mentioned in the passage?

A．	B．
C．	D．

3. Which of the following can best describe the author’s new teaching philosophy?

A．Without love, there is no education.

B．A man becomes learned by asking questions.

C．Teaching is to make two ideas grow where only one grew before.

D．You can lead your horse to the river, but you can’t make it drink.

4. What made the student give up the conventional answer?

A．Lack of physics­related knowledge.

B．Ignorance of the teacher’s expectation.

C．Intention to deeply impress his teacher.

D．Disapproval of existing teaching concepts.

3 . It’s important for you teenagers to know how to save money. You know that the money you save can be for rainy days and be used to pay through your college education. If you think it’s a difficult task and don’t know how to do it, please do as the followings.

    1    

My dad always tells me that if one doesn’t respect money, it will never respect you. Hence, it’s important that you keep a record of your daily expenses. Make it a habit to write down all that you have spent. And when you find out the total expenses at the end of the month, you will realize what you have spent more money in doing.    2    .

Open a savings account

Opening a savings account is a better way to save money. You can set a goal; say (for example), the money is for a new notebook or for college, and then save, until you have enough money to buy a notebook or until you go to college.    3    .

Do not carry much cash

Do you have the habit of not leaving a store without buying anything? The only way to stop that is carrying less money around with you. Go to the store with the minimum amount of money, which will not even help you buy a drink.    4    .

Save the changes

Save the changes that you get back. If you have gone to a shop to buy something and get back some changes, then do not spend them.    5    . And you’ll be surprised at the huge amount of money after days.

Follow these tips above, and thus you can save a lot of money. And surely, they’ll help you to be more responsible in your life.

A．Keep a record of your daily expenses

B．In a few days, you’ll get rid of this habit

C．Instead, you can save them in your piggy bank

D．By that time, you will realize the importance of saving money

E．Saving money builds your financial power and personal freedom

F．Next month, you will automatically try and save more in that part

G．Nowadays in the developed and developing countries, people are all working for the sake of earning money

4 . 你校将举行英语演讲比赛。请你以Be Active Laborers为题，写一篇演讲稿参赛，倡导大家做积极的劳动者。内容包括：
1. 劳动的意义；
2. 结合自己的经历说明劳动的益处。
注意：
1. 词数 80 字左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Be Active Laborers

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5 . 假定你是学校英语报的记者李华，上周学校组织学生去当地博物馆参观。请你以Experience in the Museum为题，为校英文报写一篇报道， 内容包括:
1.活动目的和时间，
2.参观的内容；
3.感悟。
注意: 1: 写作词数应为80左右；
2: 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Experience in the Museum

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