1 . Sleep is essential for our physical and mental health, but many people may experience sleep disturbances. Lying awake for hours before falling asleep is a common problem. Despite getting enough sleep, they may still feel worn out.     1    

    2     For example, Margaret Thatcher claimed that she only slept five hours a night, which experts believe could have negative effects on health. Additionally, watching TV before bed can disrupt our sleep patterns due to the bright light emission.

Although counting sheep is a common technique to aid sleep, some experts suggest engaging in mindless activities like folding laundry instead.     3     A study published in Sleep Health showed that individuals who walked more experienced better sleep.Listening to music likely improves sleep for more than one reason. Music can promote sleep directly by affecting your physiology (生理机能).     4     Besides, it can also promote sleep by becoming a healthy bedtime habit.Many people can’t fall asleep quickly because stressful and worrying thoughts keep them awake at night.   

Eating habits can also affect sleep. Consuming certain foods and drinks before bedtime can improve the amount of REM sleep, which helps with memory consolidation and learning.

Snoring, while generally harmless, can be a sign of sleep apnoea, which can lead to serious health conditions such as strokes, irregular heartbeats, and high blood pressure.       5    

Naps or power naps taken during the day can help us be more alert and focused. So, taking small breaks during the day to rest and recharge can boost productivity and energy levels.

In conclusion, improving sleep quality requires adopting healthy habits and dispelling harmful sleep-related myths and so on.Only by doing so can we prioritize our sleep and enhance our overall wellbeing.

It can be easy for some of teenagers to form bad habits. These bad habits, if     1     (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. To prevent harmful habits like these from     2     (支配) a teenager’s life is essential. To change bad habits is never easy, even with many     3     (attempt). Aristotle once said: “We are     4     we repeatedly do.” We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat     5     over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit. The good news is that we can change by understanding how habits work. we must first learn about the “habit cycle”, which works like this: Firstly, a “cue”, an action, event, or situation. Then a “routine”, the regular action you take     6     response to the cue. Thirdly, there is the “reward”.

    7     (facilitate) a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful, we often become     8     (悲观的) and give up. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time. As the Chinese philosopher Lao Zi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles     9     (begin) with a single step.” To reach the goal of change, a person must show some d     10     . After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.

3 . Have you ever considered buying or moving to a farm? Did you know that children farming and raising animals builds character?     1    .

You needn’t worry about your child spending all day inside playing video games.     2     When physical activity is an essential part of a child’s life from the start, it keeps them at a health y weight while making them less likely to become fat as an adult.

When a child grows up on a farm, they learn the responsibility of caring for crops or animals. They discover how to understand and feel compassionate toward something that can’t communicate its feelings.     3    . On top of the animals or plants they care for, your child will also learn to appreciate and protect the environment.

By growing up on a farm, your child learns about responsibility. They learn that they have duty and that they can enjoy their free time when those jobs are done.     4    . When they see a beautiful harvest, they see that all those early mornings and long days were worth the reward. This attitude of self-discipline and putting in the work to see the results will benefit them for their entire life.

Kids who grow up on a farm have a good knowledge of their environment in a way most others never will. They learn how to grow plants and raise animals. They can diagnose problems and come up with solutions. They understand how to use farming equipment and how to work with the weather instead of against it. Those skills open the door to allowing your child to live and thrive anywhere they want.

5 . Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning.

Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit.

Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity.

We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies?

6 . Aesthetic (审美) education aims to enhance aesthetic perception, experience aesthetic qualities, stimulate aesthetic creativity, and promote aesthetic judgement.

In order for kids to be able to appreciate natural wonders, shapes and pictures, they must be able to first notice them. This is why the development of the ability to notice the beautiful is the primary task of aesthetic education.     1     Kids are incapable of noticing particular shapes if their ability to notice object s and forms is undeveloped. The aesthetic relationship begins with the noticing of aesthetic qualities.

    2     This means that they generate emotional responses like excitement and joy, enriching individuals’ emotional lives and inspiring artistic expression. The ability to experience aesthetically must also be developed. The cognitive (认知的) elements of the processes that we experience during noticing must also include emotional tones with which we form impressions.     3     The aim of this task is, with the aid of aesthetic qualities, to enrich the emotional life of children and young people and the development of a sense for aesthetic values.

It is essential to allow children to participate in activities that will develop their creative abilities.     4     Instead, it is about creativity in the creation of aesthetic values in everyday life. We are not simply born with creative abilities which have to be developed.

Judging or evaluating aesthetic qualities demands formed evaluation criteria. In order for beauty to reveal its true value, we must be familiar with its particularities. Throughout the process of aesthetic education, various types of knowledge, abilities and evaluation criteria must be applied.     5    

7 . Chinese mathematics educator Gu Lingyuan delivered a lecture about a 45-year math teaching reform program in Shanghai at the 14th International Congress on Mathematical Education. The reform program—the “Qingpu Experiment”—has involved three generations of educators.

The experiment started in Shanghai’s Qingpu District in 1977 when Gu found only 2.8 percent of 4,300 surveyed middle school students there passed a test related to basic math knowledge, and 23.5 percent received zeros. Since then, three rounds of 15-year research and reforms in math teaching have been launched to improve the general local math education quality.

“The first period was to explore practical ways to improve education quality in most common situations,” Gu said. In this period, Gu and his colleagues(同事) spent three years in surveying students’ math learning. They then selected seven local schools and 50 teachers to learn about problems and useful experiences before screening out the most effective teaching approaches. The approaches were then promoted in all local schools.

With their efforts,16 percent of the final-year students passed the math test in the graduation exam in 1979, and the rate increased to 85 percent in 1986.

After improving students’ test scores, they began to work on how to make students become “smarter”. In this period, they developed an approach to guiding students to develop their cognitive ability rather than merely memorizing mathematical concepts and practicing by doing exercises. In the past decade, they have been paying more attention to students’ innovative abilities and putting forward the approach of action education.

“This experiment helped us find out problems in mathematics education in China and offer solutions, in which we have summarized our own experiences,” said Gu.