2 . Previous studies have found that the number of years spent in school relates to cognition (认知) later in life, but few studies have examined the influence of educational quality.

“Our study establishes a link between high-quality education and better later-life cognition and suggests that increased investment in schools could be a powerful strategy to improve cognitive health among older adults in the United States,” said Jennifer Manly, senior author of the study.

The study, led by Manly and Dominika Šeblová, a postdoctoral research scientist at Columbia, used data from Project Talent, a 1960 survey of high school students across the United States, and follow-up data collected in the Project Talent Aging Study. The researchers examined the relationships between six indicators (指标) of school quality and several measures of cognitive performance in participants nearly 60 years after they left high school. Since high-quality schools may be especially beneficial for people from disadvantaged backgrounds, the researchers also examined whether associations differed by geography, gender, race and ethnicity.

The researchers found that attending a school with a higher number of teachers with graduate training was the most consistent predictor of better later-life cognition, especially in language fluency (for example, coming up with words within a category). Attending a school with a high number of graduate-level teachers was about equal to the difference in cognition between a 70-year-old and someone who is one to three years older. Other indicators of school quality were related to some, but not all, measures of cognitive performance.

According to Manly and Šeblová, there may be many reasons explaining why attending schools with well-trained teachers may affect later-life cognition. “Instruction provided by more experienced and knowledgeable teachers might be more intellectually inspiring and provide additional neural or cognitive benefits,” said Šeblová, “and attending higher-quality schools may also influence life track, leading to university education and greater earnings, which are in turn linked to better cognition in later life.”

4 . Hailey Magee rushed home from school crying after seeing that she’d received an A-minus on her grade report card. Growing up she had learned that the way to receive confirmation and love from family members and teachers was to be a high achiever. So to Magee, that A-minus felt like a failure. “I was shattered,” she said. “In that moment, I felt like my self-worth as a human had fallen far below what it would have been if I’d gotten an A or an A-plus.”

Magee’s turning a good grade into a cause of her inferiority (自卑) is a textbook example of a growing trend in recent years: Perfectionist behavior. Perfectionism is now a growing cultural phenomenon. High levels of perfectionism were linked with depression, anxiety, eating disorders, deliberate self-harm and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The constant stress of attempting to be perfect can also leave people stressed and suffering from headaches and insomnia.

Many parents today feel a sense of competitiveness that they may push onto their kids, whether by pressuring them to get perfect grades so they can get into elite schools or signing them up for extracurricular activities that might look good on a college application. But if a child is only rewarded for high achievement, over time they learn that their value as a person depends on being perfect. Instagram, Facebook and other social media platforms also fuel unhealthy comparisons.

“It’s a real problem—those social media images end up serving as yardsticks that people can compare themselves to and a perfectionist is always trying to keep up with the Joneses, ”Sherry, a clinical psychologist, said. And it’s never been harder to keep up with the Joneses, because today we are constantly bombed with seemingly perfect images of other peoples’ lives.

Eventually Magee learned that she had to let go a little and allow herself to show up with all her imperfections. She eventually learned to trust that she could show up, not being perfect, and still feel valued. “I can be imperfect and everything can be fine!”

The personal development of man is possible only through education. Because     1     the personal development of man, our society becomes more social. And only when society develops, can a nation develop and run     2     (smooth). Education plays an important role in the social and economic development of the nation.

Education works to make man self- reliant and helps in     3     (raise) the standard of living of man. Along with being aware, it also helps us to run our life properly.

In the whole development of education, we develop at the physical, mental, spiritual, and emotional     4     (level). Without any of these four, our life would be incomplete. Being educated does not just mean getting a good job or having good wealth. Rather, a good person     5     (call) one who is good in his nature,     6     is easy to understand, one who knows how to take care of others, and one who helps others.

Education is not only obtained from school-college     7     also from life experiences. The education obtained from life experiences     8     (be) more important than the education     9     (receive) in school-college.

By taking good education, a person becomes a good citizen and becomes successful in personal and professional life. A good education enables us to decide right and wrong. So the     10     (important) of education is much more.

8 . The research by OECD that was analyzing the homework of 15-year-old school kids has shown that Italian children are busy with homework as they have to spend over 9 hours on it weekly. The other countries where children have to work over 6 hours on their tasks are Ireland, Poland, the USA and Australia.     1     According to the Cooper’s review of homework studies, 70% of students show better academic success thanks to homework they were completing. Consequently, we should not underestimate its benefits and now it is time to focus on the reasons why it should not be banned.

Additional practice

    2     Sometimes the percentage of this knowledge is relatively low, but the requirements of the curriculum (学校课程) make teachers give many self-study tasks home for them to achieve better test results. Moreover, the duty to repeat the material learnt at the lesson contributes to its better memorizing and understanding.

It teaches students responsibility

When students only visit classes they have no idea how difficult it is for teachers to prepare for the lessons and may behave badly.     3     These features can be very useful for the future career too.

It teaches important life skills

When we say that students do their homework we add many meanings in this phrase. Pupils learn to manage time effectively, set priorities, and improve self-discipline.     4    

    5    

If teenagers would have too much time for leisure activities, the possibility that they will be involved in some illegal or criminal issues rises greatly. Being busy with tasks they do not waste their time and spend it with the unmatched benefit.

Most people relate learning     1     formal education at school. We often     2     (tell) that we should get a good education.

    3     (general), it is true that formal education and the resulting qualifications are important. Education may make us make the best use of our potential     4     (find) better and more satisfying jobs, earn more and, perhaps, become more successful in our chosen career.

However, schooling is not only one type of learning, There are many other     5     (opportunity) to further your knowledge and develop the skills you need throughout life.

    6     (educate) well is not the only key to employment,       7     qualifications may get you an interview, actually getting the job needs a lot more. Employers look for well-balanced people with transferable skills, which include the     8     (able) to be able to demonstrate that you are keen to learn and develop.

If you are frustrated (沮丧的) with your job, continuing to sharpen your skills will make it     9     (easy) to find new ways out of a potentially stressful work situation. Keeping an open mind to learning and giving yourself room for flexibility are key to job satisfaction. Furthermore, potentially staying ahead of competitors for jobs by being more experienced or knowledgeable can give you     10     slight advantage over others.