You are watching your favorite TV show when a commercial break starts. First you see an ad for candy. Then there is one for fast food. Your stomach growls. Suddenly, all you can think about is how much you need a snack.

If that sounds familiar, you are not alone. Researchers from McMaster University in Canada studied the effects of junk food ad. The researchers examined the effects of advertising junk food on more than 6000 kids through TV commercials and other types of media. They found that kids made unhealthy food and drink choices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.

Food and drink ads are everywhere from TV to the Internet. Companies want to make sure you know about their products. They spend nearly 1. 8 billion a year on food ads aimed at kids according to a report.

The Nielsen Company tracked the number of food ads that kids saw in 2015. It found that kids watched nearly 12 food ads on TV each day. Most of these ads weren’t for healthy foods. In fact, on average. kids saw only one ad per week for fruits and vegetables. Instead, most of the ads were for fast food, candy and sugary drinks.

Jennifer Harris, a professor at the University of Connecticut, says this is a big part of the problem. “Unhealthy foods are not things we should be encouraging kids to cat more often”. Harris says. “But unfortunately those are the products being advertised to them the most”.

Health experts say it’s OK to treat yourself to a cookie once in a while. But what can you do to keep from having an unhealthy snack every time you see an ad for junk food? Harris says it’s important to learn to spot the techniques companies use in their ads, tell their kids what is going on and help kids think about whether these products are good for them.

2 . Adaptations are currently popular in the movie industry.     1     But what about book adaptations of films? Book adaptations of films aren’t that common, but it’s a medium that certainly takes skills to master.

The most well-known version of a film being adapted to books is via the novelization. Movie novelizations went through a boom period before the internet era. Fans wanted to know more about the fictional worlds and experience the story again in a new way.     2     Thus, the novelization was a great solution.

Meanwhile, the screen to page process has also opened up the possibility of sequels (续篇). Perhaps there simply wasn’t financial investment to create a follow-up to a film. Maybe a sequel idea simply felt more appropriate for a novel.     3     In recent years, for example, the film Heat, released in 1995 has received its own novel. ET: The Book of the Green Planet continued the extra-terrestrial’s journey after the completion of the film’s narrative.

But what are the benefits of reading a novel instead of waiting for the big screen version? Well, a novel can take its reader deeper into the mind of the characters that the film had to represent in a more visual way.     4     Although a film might characterize a fantastic scene or a specific costume choice, it doesn’t always tell why those things are important. Novelizations and sequels can take that extra step and shine a light on some of those movie-making choices.

Book adaptations of films obviously won’t ever replace cinema, and there’s no need to choose one or the other.     5    

3 . As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just now the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educational journey.

Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 percent of graduates in the UK are in non- graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.

This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.

Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors (前辈), even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of cancelling a degree requirement for certain roles.

Regardless, it is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfillment and desire for diversity, will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career trajectory (轨道).

Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: “I am a geographer” or “I am a classist”. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; it’s as if they already know that their degree won’t define them in the same way.

4 . Four of the best films to watch in this winter

It’s prequel time again. Based on the dystopian YA (Young Adult Fiction) by Suzanne Collins, the prequel is set 64 years before the previous Hunger Games films. Donald Sutherland’s character, Coriolanus Snow, is now a teenager played by Tom Blyth, and Rachel Zegler is the woman he has to train for the Capitol’s 10th annual death match.

Released internationally from 15 November.

Brie Larson’s Captain Marvel returns to save the planet from evil aliens, but her job is made considerably harder this time by a cosmic (宇宙的) fault that links her to two other super heroines. Every ne she uses her powers, she swaps places with cither Photon (Teyonah Parris) or Ms Marvel (lman llani). “The worlds we go to in this movie are worlds unlike others you’ve seen in the MCU. Brigh worlds that you haven’t seen before,” the Director Nia DaCosta told Total film.

Released internationally from 8 November

Ridley Scott’s 28th film is a biography of Napoleon Bonaparte, with Joaquin Phoenix as the French general, and Vanessa Kirby as his wife Josephine. It’s reported to be three hours long, with six major battle of sequences — although it’s as much a character-driven drama as it is a war movie.

On general release from 22 November.

Walt Disney celebrates its 100th anniversary with a cartoon that includes the themes and animation styles of the studio’s first century. Directed by Chris Buck (co-director of Frozen) and Fawn Vecrasunthom, Wish is a musical fairy tale set in a magical land where King Magnifico (Chris Pinc) can carry out his citizens’ wishes. But a 17-ycar-old girl, Asha (Ariana DeBose), questions whether the king should keep that power all to himself. She wishes on a star and the star then falls from the sky to help her. Buck told Jackson Murphy at Animation Scoop that the film is “kind of our love letter to Disney, to Walt. ”

Released internationally from 22 November.

The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people’s lives. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot     1     (be) not exactly simple. Easy access    2    a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people, ending in the shopper giving up, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted. In the past two years, Chinese Consumer Association has conducted many studies     3     findings show that many electrical goods bought in almost every family are not really needed.

Nowadays, there exists a common phenomenon. A man walks along the sidewalk, a smartphone in hand and completely     1     (absorb) in the digital world. Just as     2     computers achieved before, smartphones are now changing our life. I am     3     (true) grateful for the convenience brought by it. But meanwhile I feel deeply anxious. To stay     4     (inform), I constantly update my WeChat. That’s why I often find myself absent-minded.

8 . From my childhood on, my mother didn’t have a job. If she was asked to _______ a personal questionnaire, she would leave the question “Employment” _______. She believed that her job was to be my mother—full time.

There is an old photograph of my mother and father, taken in 1942. In the photo my mother looks very beautiful, I think. When I look at the photo, I see a woman full of _______ in life. If she had put her mind to getting a career, the whole world would have been in her hands. The story of her youth fully _______ this. She got a brilliant exam in one of the finest schools in the country.

_______ she has always been a housewife and mother. Everyone in the town _______ her for her great effort into charity work, but if someone asked her what she did _______ she answered that she was Robert Greene’s wife, and Robert’s mother.

What I _______ best from my childhood is how it felt to get home from school. She was always there waiting for us. Today there are probably many women seeing what she did as a _______ of my mother’s good abilities. I don’t make ________ either. But so many years later, I still remember how it felt to rush home—and there was mum, waiting for us.