1．你推荐的书目及理由；2．阅读形式（小组合作或自主阅读等）。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Jack,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
“The Space-Time Painter” by a Chinese writer Hai Ya won the Hugo Award for Best Novelette at the 81st World Science Fiction Convention
Hai shared his source of
Hai, also a financial worker, thinks of himself more
3 . I have struggled with feelings of unworthiness since forever. My most painful moments were at parties. My friends made fun of me because I was rhythmically (有节奏地)
Around age 12, I decided that the way to
After several years of spiritual growth, it
The
| A．adjusted | B．bothered | C．challenged | D．acknowledged |
| A．twisted | B．annoyed | C．limited | D．awkward |
| A．belong | B．appeal | C．match | D．appear |
| A．bear | B．cure | C．release | D．arouse |
| A．boost | B．work | C．polish | D．preserve |
| A．included | B．praised | C．inspired | D．appreciated |
| A．internally | B．academically | C．professionally | D．critically |
| A．occurs to | B．happens to | C．calls on | D．takes on |
| A．desires | B．strengths | C．achievements | D．efforts |
| A．well | B．soon | C．much | D．far |
| A．Still | B．Therefore | C．Meanwhile | D．Rather |
| A．definition | B．welfare | C．pose | D．sense |
| A．discovery | B．access | C．journey | D．experience |
| A．differ | B．separate | C．steal | D．free |
| A．hall | B．gym | C．dance | D．balcony |
4 . No matter how friendly your tone is or how honey sweet you are in a conversation, when you use one of these two words (or both) in your sentences, the message to your conversation companion is “You are wrong”.
These words don’t say, “Let’s discuss this” or “I’d love to hear what you think about this” to people. They say, “You are wrong and I am right.” If your conversation companion is also eager to win at any cost, you will have a potential battle on your hands. The result?
Are you interested in a little test to see how competitive your co-workers are? Try this. For one week, keep a scorecard of how many times each person uses “no” or “but”.
If this is your interpersonal challenge, you can do this little test for yourself just as easily as you can to judge your co-workers. Stop trying to defend your position and start monitoring how many times you begin remarks with “no” or “but”.
| A．I use this technique with my clients. |
| B．Why do people like to say these two words? |
| C．What are these conversation stopping words? |
| D．Nothing more can happen that will be productive. |
| E．It’s human nature to like being accepted and recognized. |
| F．You will be shocked at how frequently these words are used. |
| G．Pay close attention to when you use these words in sentences. |
5 . All the hard work that you’ve spent making strong passwords, combining pet names with numbers, symbols and birthdates could all soon be for nothing as a new artificial intelligence (AI) model achieves a 95% accuracy of understanding keystrokes (按键).
At least that’s the extreme view of a team of British researchers. Using a deep learning model, they were able to steal data from a laptop’s keyboard using a microphone to understand what is being typed. This, in theory, would allow hackers who were able to gain access to your laptop to obtain what is being typed including messages and passwords.
The first step for this attack to work is by recording the keystrokes on someone’s keyboard. This is needed to train the algorithm (计算程序). While this could be done from the laptop’s microphone, it could equally be achieved by placing a smartphone near the computer. By pressing 36 keys on a modern MacBook Pro 25 times each and recording the sounds produced, the researchers gained a full set of training data. This information is turned into waveforms to show identifiable differences between each key. With this information in hand, they could then build a machine-learning model to understand which of these waveforms lines up with which key.
“If you get enough data, a model can be built pretty easily,” Oli Buckley, a professor of Internet security. “If it works on one keyboard, it will likely work on the next. The MacBook has a nice, quiet keyboard, so the idea is that if it works on something quiet, it will have a wide-reaching ability on louder keyboards”.
While this all sounds pretty scary, not to mention a new form of hacking (侵入) to look out for, it isn’t quite as worrying as it sounds.
“A good sample of data is needed for it to work, so this changes if you’re using a Dell, a MacBook or an external keyboard. Also, factors change. Some people type louder and harder, or my keyboards full of cat hair so that impacts things slightly”, says Buckley.
1. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?| A．Why protective steps are needed. |
| B．Why a set of training data is vital. |
| C．How you document secret information. |
| D．How hackers gain data from targeted computers. |
| A．The keyboard. | B．The model. | C．The data. | D．The computer. |
| A．Concerned. | B．Agreeable. | C．Negative. | D．Objective. |
| A．AI understands exactly what you’re typing. |
| B．Purchasing expensive computer is necessary. |
| C．Cats play an important role in privacy protection. |
| D．Building an accurate dataset through keystrokes is not easy. |
6 . Five years ago, French navy officer Jérôme Chardon was listening to a radio program about the journey of the bar-tailed godwit, a bird that migrates 14,000 kilometers between New Zealand and Alaska. Chardon understood how treacherous the journey would be, as heavy storms frequently hit Pacific island communities. Yet, somehow, bar-tailed godwits routinely pass through the area uninjured. Chardon wondered whether learning how birds traveled could help coastal communities avoid natural disasters.
This past January, a team from France’s National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) began experiments designed to test Chardon’s idea. Researchers with a project led by Frédéric Jiguet from NMNH equipped 56 birds of five species with cutting-edge animal tracking technology. The team members were ferried to remote islands in French Polynesia, where they attached tags (标签) using tracking technology. These tags sent the birds’ locations to the International Space Station, which bounced the data back to scientists on Earth who could then follow the birds — waiting to see how the birds responded to natural disasters.
The project is focusing on birds’ ability to hear infrasound, the low-frequency sound humans cannot hear but that the researchers believe is the most likely signal birds would use to sense storms and tsunamis (海啸). In a 2014 study, scientists tracking a kind of golden-winged birds in the central and southeastern America found that the birds flew up to 1,500 kilometers to escape from an outbreak of tornadoes (龙卷风) that killed 35 people. The birds fled at least 24 hours before any extreme weather hit, leaving the scientists to believe that they had heard the storm system from more than 400 kilometers away.
The team plans on tagging hundreds more birds across the Pacific to prepare for a potential tsunami. “I think if there’s one wave that spreads across islands, we can get data from different species at different locations,” says Jiguet. “That will say it’s worth continuing to tag and to develop local systems to better analyze this. There are chances that we will develop a bird-based tsunami early warning system.”
1. Which of the following best explains the word “treacherous” underlined in paragraph 1?| A．Strange. | B．Amazing. | C．Dangerous. | D．Frequent. |
| A．Tracking natural disasters. | B．Distinguishing bird species. |
| C．Reporting the birds’ situations. | D．Guiding researchers to islands. |
| A．To prove an assumption. | B．To clarify a concept. |
| C．To present a new topic. | D．To make comparisons. |
| A．How Can Birds Avoid Natural Disasters? |
| B．Can Birds Warn Us of Natural Disasters? |
| C．How Does a Warning System Function? |
| D．Can Birds Play a Role in Human Research? |
7 . Do you think cookies can tell stories? Jasmine Cho, 35, does.
A baker, artist, entrepreneur and activist, Cho tries to spread knowledge about social justice issues and diversity through the delicious medium of cookies.
It was in high school that she discovered her love of baking. At a sleepover a friend taught her how to make a dessert, “sort of demystifying baking and that whole process”.
Later, Cho realized her second passion: learning more about her Asian, American culture. An elective in college that taught Asian-American immigrant experiences brought an emotional moment for her. “So many emotions came up that I just couldn’t articulate. It was like this mix of anger, of relief, empowerment, sadness…” Cho said.
Cho realized she could combine these two passions to educate others about influential Asian American people and showcase matters that were important to her. With her online bakery, she designed cookie portraits about people she admired and posted the images on Instagram. “I don’t think I ever really knew how to communicate these stories until I found cookies,” Cho said. “Cookies are just so disarming. Who doesn’t like cookies?”
One cookie that Cho has identified with deeply is one she made of George Helm, a Hawaiian activist in the 1970s.
“It’s insane the amount of injustice that the native Hawaiian population has faced as well through the whole annexation (吞并) of the kingdom. There were so many horrific stories that I heard about nuclear testing and the fallout (核爆炸后的沉降物) impacting native Hawaiian populations in all of this,” Cho said, “George Helm was one of those activists who really represented the spirituality of the native Hawaiians and the connection to their land, to nature.”
Among her amazing cookie art are other political figures such as Larry Itliong, a Filipino-American labor organizer, and pop culture figures such as Keanu Reeves, a Canadian actor.
Cho hopes her cookie art continues to inspire people to be creative and think positively.
“Instead of trying to think of something new and original, just look inward and see, maybe there’s already a passion or a love that you have,” Cho said. “Use that for something that will serve the world in a better way.”
1. What inspired Cho to take an interest in Asian-American culture?| A．One of her sleepover experiences. |
| B．One elective course she took at college. |
| C．The process of learning baking from her friend. |
| D．A book she read about Asian-American immigrant experiences. |
| A．Cookies don’t cost much. | B．Cookies are easier to make. |
| C．Cookies have different images. | D．Cookies are favored by many people. |
| A．To show what Cho focuses on with her cookies. |
| B．To introduce the spirituality of native Hawaiians. |
| C．To explain why Cho is interested in political activists. |
| D．To inform the reader of Helm’s contributions to Hawaii. |
| A．Hold your horses for a better self. |
| B．Think outside the box to break new ground. |
| C．Spread something original to one’s heart content. |
| D．Throw yourself into your inner world for a better one. |
8 . Want to explore new cultures, meet new people and engage in meaningful pursuits? You can do all the three with Global Development Association (GDA). No matter what life stage you’re at, wherever you go, and whatever project you undertake with us, you’ll create positive changes in a poor and remote community.
We welcome volunteers from all walks of life and backgrounds. While the majority of our volunteers are between the ages of 17 and 24, we’re currently in need of volunteer managers aged 25to 75, who play a very important role in the safe and effective operation of our programs. Our positions include project managers, mountain leaders, and communication officers.
Your chosen role could vary from enhancing a community’s access to clean drinking water to preserving valuable local cultures. Or perhaps you might design adventure challenges to train our young volunteers.
Not only will you be aiding the personal growth of our young volunteers, but you’ll also be picking up new skills and expanding your cultural insights. You’ll likely meet individuals who could become lifelong friends.
This summer we have both 4-week and 7-week programmes:
Country | Schedule | |
4-week programmes | 7-week programmes | |
Algeria | 5 Jul. — 1 Aug. | 20 Jun. — 7 Aug. |
Egypt | 24 Jul. — 20 Aug. | 19 Jun. — 6 Aug. |
Kenya | 20 Jul. — 16 Aug. | 18 Jun. — 5 Aug. |
South Africa | 2 Aug. — 29 Aug. | 15 Jun. — 2 Aug. |
GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed. All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communities.
There is no other chance like a GDA programme. Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.
Find out more about joining a GDA programme:
Website: www.glodeve.org
Email: humanresources@glodeve.org
1. What age group does GDA primarily target for volunteer managers?| A．17—24. | B．25—40. | C．25—75. | D．17—75. |
| A．Egypt | B．South Africa | C．Kenya | D．Algeria |
| A．explore new cultures | B．protect the environment |
| C．gain corporate benefit | D．help communities in need |
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
10 . Blue light blocking (BLB) glasses are supposed to protect eyes from the effects of short-wave length light from our smartphones, computer screens and LED lights. Given how much time we spend on our devices, using this type of glasses sounds like a smart investment, right?
Elizabeth Esparaz, an eye specialist based in Cleveland, Ohio, says the science that producers share as they promote these glasses can be confusing and doubtful. Blue light is not just about tech devices, and it’s not always bad. “The sun produces much more blue light than human-made devices, and it’s actually advantageous,” says Dr. Esparaz. It helps our mood and sleep-wake cycle. The problem is blue light at night: It prevents the release of melatonin, a substance helping regulate our body and making us sleepy.
So, in theory, wearing BLB glasses should help people who watch movies in bed or read from a tablet at night avoid wakefulness. A review study from the University of Oklahoma that looked at 24 previous studies found that people affected by sleep disorders, jet lag (时差反应) and shift work dropped off to sleep faster after using these glasses. “So to some extent, these glasses are useful to some people,” saysDr. Esparaz. But the effectiveness is not wide and does not extend beyond certain cases.
As for eye strain (疲劳), a condition of the eyes usually caused by a long period of looking at screens, an Australian study showed that those wearing BLB glasses did not experience less eye strain than those using clear glasses. And another review study, also by Australian researchers, found inadequate evidence that BLB glasses could prevent serious eye problems.
“These glasses aren’t going to be harmful,” says Dr. Esparaz. But, she adds, they are maybe not as good as advertised and a lack of standardization in the industry means there’s no way to know if one pair is better than another.
1. What message does Dr. Esparaz convey in paragraph 2?| A．Seeing is believing. |
| B．Don’t judge a book by its cover. |
| C．Every coin has two sides. |
| D．One man’s meat is another man’s poison. |
| A．People working long hours. |
| B．People with poor sight. |
| C．People watching the screen often. |
| D．People with sleep problems. |
| A．To explain the function of BLB glasses. |
| B．To indicate the limitations of BLB glasses. |
| C．To show the commonness of eye problems. |
| D．To demonstrate the influence of blue light. |
| A．Do BLB glasses really work? |
| B．Why are BLB glasses popular? |
| C．Is blue light a trouble maker? |
| D．How do BLB glasses play a role? |
