3 . Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well.     1     However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog’s life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence.

Some people say we live in a dog eat dog world.     2     They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog.

    3     This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things.

    4     People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite.

Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard.     5    

A．Furthermore, people say every dog has its day.

B．Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways.

C．In other words, we do not want it to rain cats and dogs.

D．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore.

E．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people whatever happens.

F．That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs.

G．They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food.

4 . Have you ever wondered about the universal layout (布局) of supermarkets? Smart designers are behind it, subtly tempting you to walk through each aisle and fill your cart without even realizing it.

Grocery store design is a carefully crafted art from both psychological and marketing standpoints, according to Reeves Connelly, who studied architectural design at the Pratt Institute. He explained there is a specific reason why fruit and vegetables are often located at the front of the store, “You’ll grab the fruits and vegetables first and then hopefully feel less guilty about buying junk food later on.” Meanwhile, essential items such as milk and eggs are placed at the back of the store to ensure customers walk through other aisles with many unhealthy options like snacks and sodas, potentially increasing the likelihood of impulse purchases.

There’s also a reason why you often feel lost in local supermarkets. Shockingly, they move things around. Reeves explained, “They are very much aware that these strategies become less effective after you visit the store a few times and get a better sense of where everything is, so they’ll regularly move the products to different aisles to confuse you. The practice is not limited to a specific store but is employed across various retail chains.”

“Their little tricks always work on me,” one regular shopper admits, “I walk in to get three things and end up spending $300; that’s why I hate grocery shopping,” he said. On the other hand, some shoppers are proud to declare they have never fallen into the trap. “That’s why I always keep a shopping list on me,” another shopper shared. “I’ve started having my groceries delivered. If I have to go to the store, I never grab a cart. If I can’t carry it, I’m not buying it,” he added.

1. What is the purpose of the supermarket layout?

A．To encourage healthy lifestyle.	B．To save consumers’ shopping time.
C．To provide multiple goods for choice.	D．To promote non-essential consumption.

2. What does the underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Distributing junk food in different areas.

B．Putting milk and eggs at the back of aisles.

C．Rearranging products in supermarkets regularly.

D．Placing fruit and vegetables at the front of the store.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Shopping baskets are better than heavy carts.

B．Most shoppers are trapped in marketing tricks.

C．Grocery delivery can help improve supermarket sales.

D．Taking a shopping list can be a smart move to avoid impulse buying.

4. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A business magazine.	B．A psychology report.
C．A research paper.	D．A shopping guidebook.

5 . If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequence called light pollution whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels and light rhythms to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night—dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadow on Earth—is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet. The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being “captured” by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.

Living in a glare of our making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage—the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense light pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way—the edge of our galaxy—arching overhead.

1. According to the passage, human being ________.

A．are used to living in the daylight	B．prefer to live in the darkness
C．were curious about the midnight world	D．had to stay at home with the light of the moon

2. The writer mentions birds and frogs to ________.

A．show how light pollution affects animals

B．provide examples of animal protection

C．compare the living habits of both species

D．explain why the number of certain species has declined

3. It is implied in the passage that ________.

A．human beings are curious about the outer space

B．human beings should reflect on their position in the universe

C．light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals

D．light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages

4. What might be the best title for the passage?

A．The Magic Light	B．The Orange Haze
C．The Disappearing Night	D．The Rhythms of Nature

6 . On several occasions, I arrived at the Starbucks drive-through window only to find my bill already paid by a kind stranger. _________, I now keep an eye on my rearview mirror, looking for some one _________ this gesture.

One morning, I spotted a (n) _________ middle-aged woman in a shiny sports car behind me. I smiled to myself, “No way does she need me to buy her coffee!” But somehow a voice _________ inside that I should. And so I did. I knew I had trusted that little voice and that was all that really _________.

When I returned to my car, the lady was there. “Hi,” she said. “Thank you for the coffee. I never _________ that.”

“You're welcome. I was just‘ _________.”

Surprisingly, she _________ to cry, revealing her struggle with _________ bankruptcy (破产) following a business crisis and the recent _________. of her son due to cancer. “I needed a (n) _________ that everything would work out. When you bought my coffee this morning, I knew that was it.” Now I was the one who was choking back tears. I told her that I could _________ her suffering. I, too, had recently lost my son.

I sat in my car for a while, my heart kind of _________. I believe I gave her much more than a cup of coffee. Next time I am in the drive-through and feel the __________ to pay it forward— there will be no _________.

1.

A．Repeatedly

B．Frequently

C．Typically

D．Consequently

2.

A．deserving

B．rewarding

C．starving

D．sharing

3.

A．exhausted

B．proud

C．elegant

D．weepy

4.

A．insisted

B．required

C．begged

D．claimed

5.

A．remained

B．mattered

C．existed

D．succeeded

6.

A．ordered

B．expected

C．proposed

D．demanded

7.

A．stopping by

B．taking care

C．dealing with it

D．paying it forward

8.

A．failed.

B．happened

C．proceeded

D．prepared

9.

A．potential

B．practical

C．optional

D．illegal

10.

A．treatment

B．loss

C．suffering

D．condition

11.

A．excuse

B．response

C．sign

D．decision

12.

A．appreciate

B．ease

C．share

D．handle

13.

A．sinking

B．broken

C．shouting

D．stirred

14.

A．duty

B．determination

C．strength

D．urge

15.

A．regret

B．hesitation

C．concern

D．sorrow

9 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

“Don’t forget to study for the European history test on Friday,” Mrs. Beville announced to her students before the class was over.

Julie shut her book and sighed to herself, “Why couldn’t the test be on poetry?” Julie loved poetry and its rhythmic expression of feelings and ideas. Yes, she could understand poetry, but as to history she was not sure. “What if I fail? I’ve never been good at memorizing anything for a test,” she thought.

That night, Julie sorted out her notes. She flipped open her textbook to the end of the first chapter, where she found a list of practice questions for the test. “Need some help?” asked her older brother, Joey, who poked his head into her bedroom to see what she was doing. Julie handed him her textbook and said, “Quiz me.” Joey took the book and read the first question. “In what year did England defeat the Spanish Armada?” Julie frowned and pursed her lips. “Dates are the worst! Ask another one.”

Joey’s eyes traveled to the bottom of the page. “Who took the throne following the death of Queen Mary I?” “Oh! It’s on the tip of my tongue. It’s - it’s - I don’t know!” Julie shook her head. “It looks like you didn’t study,” Joey said. Julie grabbed her book back and glared at Joey. What did he know about her study habits? She could read a chapter a thousand times, but getting her brain to hold on to information was like getting a rock to absorb sand.

The following day, she decided to use library time to study. She found a table in a quiet corner. With her textbook open in front of her, she tried to make sense of all the facts and dates. But it was useless. She dropped her head to the book and buried her face in the pages. “Impossible!”

“Julie!” Julie heard someone calling her and looked up. Maria from her class was seated at a nearby table.

Maria approached Julie with a sparkle in her eyes and asked, “Want to study together?”

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On the day of the test, Julie and Maria both felt nervous.

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