1 . A new study establishes that environmental damage caused by corn production results in 4,300 premature deaths annually in the United States, representing cost of $39 billion.

The paper, published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Sustainability, presents how researchers have estimated for the first time the health damages caused by corn production using detailed information on pollution emissions, pollution transport by wind, and human exposure to increased air pollution levels.

The study also shows how the damage to human health of producing a litre (升) of corn differs from region to region and how, in some areas, the health damages of corn production are greater than its market price.

“The deaths caused per litre in western corn belt states such as Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska tend to be lower than in eastern corn belt states such as Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio,” said lead researcher Jason Hill.

It’s important for farmers to have this information so that they can carry out practices that reduce the environmental influence of the crops they grow. Farmers can greatly improve the environmental profile of their corn by using precision agriculture tools and switching to fertilizers that have lower ammonia (氨) emissions. The study’s results also suggest potential benefits from improving nitrogen use efficiency, switching to crops requiring less fertilizer, and changing the location where corn is grown.

Aware that changes in practices can take time and planning, Hill suggests farmers could be offered motivation to switch to crops that demand less applied nitrogen while still offering market and nutritional benefits.

Hill said, “The number of deaths related to corn production could be reduced through these key strategies”.

1. Which of the states has the lowest death rate caused by corn production?

A．Nebraska.	B．Illinois.
C．Indiana.	D．Ohio.

2. Which of the following is not advised to do for farmers to reduce the environmental impact of corn?

A．Improve nitrogen use efficiency.

B．Plant crops with no fertilizer.

C．Change the corn’s location.

D．Using precision agriculture tools.

3. What is Jason Hill’s attitude to preventing deaths caused by corn production?

A．Indifferent.	B．Optimistic.
C．Pessimistic.	D．Neutral.

4. In which part of a website will you find this text?

A．Health and lifestyle.

B．Art and design.

C．Science and environment.

D．Fashion and business.

2 . Even though these monuments are extremely well known, they hold secrets that not many people are aware of.

Empire State Building

On the 103rd floor of the Empire State Building in New York, there is a secret observation deck that not a lot of people know about. To access the balcony, you have to take a series of elevators and then a very steep, narrow staircase. The observation deck isn’t open to the public, but many celebrities have been photographed there.

Eiffel Tower

There is a secret apartment and office at the very top of the Eiffel Tower that has just recently become open to the public. In 1889, Gustave Eiffel, the engineer of this famous Paris landmark, built himself a private apartment and office. It has been restored and has wax models of Gustave, his daughter, and American inventor Thomas Edison on display.

Statue of Liberty

There is actually a room in the torch of the Statue of Liberty that showcases breathtaking views of the city. People used to be able to visit that room until 1916 when German agents blew up a nearby wharf (码头). The explosion sent broken pieces into the raised arm of Lady Liberty, making the staircase up to the hidden room unsafe.

Disneyland

Hardcore Disney fans might think they know all of the secrets of the park, a famous U.S. landmark, but many haven’t heard of Club 33. This exclusive restaurant is hidden behind an unmarked door in Disneyland’s New Orleans Square. If you want to dine here on your next trip to Disneyland, don’t get your hopes up. It costs $25,000 to join the club, plus an annual fee of $12,000.

1. What do the monuments have in common?

A．They are all in Europe.

B．They all have skyscrapers.

C．They are all the best-known.

D．They all hide little-known secrets.

2. Which of the four has the easiest access?

A．Disneyland.	B．Eiffel Tower.
C．Statue of Liberty.	D．Empire State Building.

3. Which can be used to replace the underlined word “exclusive” in the last paragraph?

A．Attractive.	B．Expensive.
C．Wonderful.	D．Beautiful.

3 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的 短文。

My husband Frank and I lived a frugal (节俭的) life, carrying lunch to work, having no vacations, and staying in. But when it came to our fifteenth wedding anniversary, we decided to “splurge (挥霍)” this one time.

At last, we walked into a beautiful Italian restaurant for a nice dinner. We ordered wonderful food and even a glass of wine each. Halfway through our very delicious dinner, Frank and I noticed the two diners next to us seemed to be looking for something under their table and all around. The elegantly dressed woman appeared to be in her late seventies, and her much younger male companion looked like her son. The woman kept touching her ear.

I asked whether she had lost an earring. The woman shook her head and looked worried. “My hearing aid,” she said. “My son finally convinced me to buy it this week, it is so expensive.” She then added that her son’s eyesight was better than hers but he couldn’t find it, either.

No waiters seemed to be helpful, as they were very busy. And the other diners seemed unaware of the woman’s trouble. Frank stood up immediately. “Let me try,” he offered. “Maybe a fresh pair of eyes will find it.” The woman said that it was very small and had the same color as the floor, adding she didn’t want to bother Frank. “That’s okay, I’ll try.” Frank said. Then he bent down and moved a few inches at a time, with his eyes and hands sweeping back and forth.

The woman sat down slowly. Her son kept his eyes focused while Frank’s feet moved back and forth under the table. Meanwhile, I stood by their table, running my hand over the tablecloth, shifting the plates, etc.

“Thanks,” the woman said. “But I’m afraid it’s lost forever. Your dinner’s getting cold. Please don’t worry.” I saw tears forming in her eyes. Soon, her son sank back into his chair, too. But Frank kept looking until one of them thanked him again, and he finally gave up and sat down to eat. Ten minutes later, as we finished our dinner, the mother and son were drinking coffee, silent “I’ll take one more look.” Frank said.

注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:

Then, he lowered himself back to the floor.

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Paragraph 2:

Her son shook Frank’s hand and said, How can I thank you? ”

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4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China’s new “sky train”

China has shown its first maglev line built with permanent magnets (永久磁铁), which engineers claim can keep a “sky train“ afloat even without a power supply. The experimental track, known as the Red Rail, is located in Xingguo County, Jiangxi Province. It uses powerful magnets     1     (produce) a force strong enough to lift a train with 88 passengers into the air, according to a report in the South-China Morning Post.

Unlike most existing maglev     2     (line), the rail operates about 33 feet above the ground. There is no physical contact with the rail as the train moves beneath it silently at a speed of up to 50mph.

The use of permanent magnets means that only a small amount of electricity     3     (need) to start the train. Also,     4     (compare) with a underground, the track is     5     (cheap) to build, according to researchers at Jiangxi University of Science and Technology.   

The technological success is possible due to the large quantity of rare earth elements (稀土元素)in China,     6     are needed to make the train’s permanent magnets. Adding rare earth elements to magnets     7     (significant) increases their lifespan. Neodymium, for instance, can reduce the     8     (lose) of magnetism to less than 5 percent in a century. China is home to nearly 40 percent of     9     entire world’s known reserves of rare earth elements.

Local transport authorities are currently testing the Red Rail on the half-mile stretch of track in Xingguo, but they are planning to increase this     10     4.7 miles when initial tests are complete.

5 . A saint (圣人) was delivering his lecture on his moral theory. One of his students came up to say, “Sir, you told us that a truly cultured person is whoever _________ to smile facing difficulty. How is it possible to smile when we are truly in difficulty?”

The teacher thought it over, and finally, he had to _________. “To be honest, I myself cannot _________ this because I can’t do that, either.” After an embarrassed silence, he continued, “I think an old man living not far from here can offer you some _________. As a child, he was _________ and became an orphan (孤儿). As a young man, he lost both his legs. His life has been difficult, with a series of _________ . Yet, he always wears a beautiful smile. You can go to _________ him.”

The student became _________. He went to call on the old man. The man in a wheelchair _________ him smilingly. “Sir, my teacher said you would answer my question. Could you tell me how you ____________ to wear a smile despite all your sufferings?” The man said smilingly, “I’m afraid you’ve turned to the ____________ person. I have never ____________ any difficulty so far. My luck has always been good. This is the ____________. How can I teach you how to smile always in difficulty?”

The student got the answer: Here was a person who lived ____________. We must always have gratitude for all we have. Having this ____________ will help us accept awful situations gracefully.

1.

A．needs

B．continues

C．ceases

D．pretends

2.

A．encourage

B．doubt

C．guess

D．admit

3.

A．answer

B．promote

C．notice

D．regard

4.

A．sight

B．debate

C．equipment

D．guidance

5.

A．clapped

B．persuaded

C．abandoned

D．educated

6.

A．chances

B．records

C．struggles

D．measures

7.

A．consult

B．adapt

C．remind

D．inform

8.

A．proud

B．curious

C．disappointed

D．depressed

9.

A．introduced

B．employed

C．praised

D．welcomed

10.

A．happen

B．manage

C．regret

D．afford

11.

A．proper

B．risky

C．wrong

D．previous

12.

A．encountered

B．overcome

C．arranged

D．explored

13.

A．past

B．mistake

C．rule

D．truth

14.

A．randomly

B．positively

C．toughly

D．hopelessly

15.

A．dream

B．expectation

C．attitude

D．courage

6 . Culture often refers to things like food, holidays, clothing, and music, but it also goes much deeper than that.     1     So when we meet people from different backgrounds, we can sometimes find that there are big differences in how we see the world, even if we speak the same language.     

One of the best ways to understand others’ cultures is to first examine your own. Do you take your shoes off when you go inside?     2     In Japan, you would never go inside without swapping your outdoor shoes for slippers, whereas in the US, many people don’t bother taking their shoes off when they come in. Therefore, it’s so important to understand your place in the world, which will help you understand other people better too.

    3     When you meet people from a different culture, you can politely ask them about their lives. Seek out books or watch movies by and about people who’re different from you. Additionally, you can immerse (沉浸)yourself in a different culture through travel to understand how different other lifestyles can be.

However, sometimes, learning a lot about a different culture can lead you into a trap. You may think you know much about a culture, which may lead you to show off your knowledge when you meet someone from that background. But it’s a problem to assume that everyone from one particular culture has the same attitudes and experiences. Your assumptions that lead you to pre-judge against others can be harmful.     4    

Differences between us are what make life so interesting. So accept the differences between yourself and your friends from different cultures.     5     In detail, ask questions if your friends are open to it, but also learn how to just silently observe and appreciate the differences that make us unique.

A．It is a simple thing, but it’s a huge marker of culture!

B．Learning is another great way to understand different cultures.

C．Behaviors, customs, beliefs, and values are also part of your culture.

D．To achieve it, do strike a balance between curiosity and appreciation.

E．So don’t do it to others even if you understand their culture really well.

F．The more you learn, the more used you get to respecting cultural differences.

G．Wherever you live, there are probably immigrant communities (侨民团体)with their own customs.

7 . A new study from the University of Southampton has shown that glass bottles are more than four times as environmentally damaging as plastic bottles. The researchers explained that the production of glass bottles involves much greater amounts of energy and natural resources.

Most current research focuses on the impact of plastic, which also requires a lot of energy to mass-produce, and breaks down into smaller particles (微粒) that are affecting natural environments worldwide. However, according to the new study, glass bottles’ total environmental impacts are much bigger than plastic bottles^, when certain factors are accounted for, such as their contribution to climate change through overmuch energy use.

“A large amount of energy is needed to heat the raw materials to make glass,“ explained study co-author and postgraduate researcher Alice Brock. ”During the melting of the raw materials for glass, gas pollutants such as SO2 and CO2 can be released,^5, said Brock. “And since glass requires materials to be mined for its production — silica sand, soda ash and dolomite — these have all the associated environmental impacts on mining such as land degradation (退化) and dust from the mines reaching water sources.” According to Brock, silica sand mining can also cause silicosis, a disease caused by tiny silica particles reaching lungs, so there is also a considerable impact on human health.

The major advantage of glass over plastic is that it is more durable (耐用 的).A glass bottle can be reused between 12 and 20 times. Unfortunately, glass bottles are often thrown away after a single use. ^“I think the meaning of this new study is that we really have to move to use bottles and cans more than once. Just recycling isn’t enough, said Brock, “We need to change our mindset and move to things like refilling bottles, bottle return plans and the like if we are going to cut these environmental impacts.”

1. What is the most current research mainly about?

A．The total energy consumption of making plastic.

B．The detailed production process of plastic.

C．Plastic’s popularization in people’s daily life.

D．Plastic’s negative impacts on the environment.

2. Why is the mining of raw materials mentioned in Paragraph 3?

A．To show its damage to the environment and people’s health.

B．To stress the importance of the quality of raw materials.

C．To warn people to reduce the frequency of mining.

D．To indicate the complex process of making glass.

3. What’s Alice Brock’s suggestion based on the new study?

A．Improving the technology of treating used bottles.

B．Finding alternatives to the raw materials for glass.

C．Reusing glass bottles as much as possible.

D．Replacing glass bottles with plastic ones.

4. Which section of a magazine does the text probably come from?

A．Economy.

B．Geography.

C．Healthcare.

D．Environment.

8 . One of the most inspiring features of our mom is her ability to face adversity and not to get defeated. She always emerges with a renewed spirit and a sense of hope. Her attitude to unfortunate events is typically met with: “Hey, nobody died; nobody has cancer; we’ll get through this, too!” But by far, our mother’s most widely used motto is: ”Count your blessings !^”

In 2003, our mother fell ill and had to have surgery. When the doctor told the unthinkable diagnosis to my family while Mom was in recovery - a kind of cancer - my sister called me and said, “Should we tell her?“

As it turned out, we didn’t have to say a word. Mom knew it even before she was told, and she soothed us when we should have been making her less worried. “Hey, let’s count our blessings; the doctor got it all and I’m not dead yet. Let’s have some faith.”

As usual, our wise mother was right. She survived not only the cancer, but five years later, she recovered from another round of cancer - colorectal cancer. She never needed chemo or radiation (化疗或放疗) because surprisingly both cancers were not getting worse and surgically (手术) removed. She has been cancer-free for nearly two years and counting.

“Faith - that’s all you need,” my mom said firmly as she tapped the table. “Feeling sorry for yourself doesn’t help anything or solve the problem. Pity just adds to your problems. Spend your time counting your blessings instead. You’ll see just how well off you really are. That’s my motto.”

Counting blessings is not just a motto drilled into our heads by our mom. It has become a way of life for all of us. So much so that when I count my blessings, my wise mother is always near the top of the list.

1. What does the underlined word “soothed“ in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Cheated

B．Surprised

C．Calmed

D．Persuaded

2. What can we know about the author’s mother?

A．She led her life with gratefulness.

B．She was heavily hit by the bad news.

C．She took her health condition seriously.

D．She recovered without receiving treatment.

3. Which of the following can best describe the author’s mother?

A．Traditional and strict.

B．Gifted and serious.

C．Strong and positive.

D．Considerate and generous.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．My mother’s glory days	B．My mother - living by faith
C．My mother’s struggling days	D．My mother - never complaining

9 . Four Great Restaurants in Bologna, Italy

If you’re looking for a restaurant in Bologna, don’t miss out on our picks of the best places to eat in the city.

Sfoglia Rina     

Tradition and innovation are all on the menu at Sfoglia Rina, along-standing family restaurant near Bologna’s famous Two Towers. Rina was started as a fresh pasta (意大利面食) shop back in the 1960s, and the pasta is all still handmade. Ingredients are carefully and sustainably sourced, and pasta-making classes are periodically offered for kids and adults.

Via Castiglione, 5/b, 40124 Bologna

Zerocinquantino

Aperitivo is typically a pre-dinner snack and drink, but at Zerocinquantino, you may make it a meal as many people in Bologna do. Baskets of local bread are served with the region’s famous meat and cheeses, and a long list of wines is available in glasses and bottles. The service is fast, and the atmosphere is young and modern.

Via Pescherie Vecchie, 3/E, 40124 Bologna

Trattoria Da Vito

It’s a legendary gathering place for Bologna*s artists and educated people. The inside hasn’t been updated since Vito left the building long before; the menu hasn’t changed. Meals are traditional and extremely cheap, with nothing priced over € 10.

Via Mario Musolesi, 9a, 40138 Bologna

Drogheria della Rosa

With tables spreading out under Bologna’s medieval porticos (中世纪门廊), Drogheria della Rosa is a favorite for the best atmosphere in Bologna. Fortunately, that atmosphere is matched by excellent food and service, both provided by the chef and owner Emanuele Addone, who personally visits each table. The menu is a mix of traditional Bolognese food and dishes from around Italy, so you’re sure to find something you like as long as you have enough money.

Via Cartoleria, 10b, 40124 Bologna

1. What can we know about Sfoglia Rina?

A．It is famous for its snacks and drinks.

B．It has a history of about sixty years.

C．It becomes a must for educated people.

D．It is the best-preserved Italian restaurant.

2. Which of the following places provides some authentic but inexpensive Italian meals?

A．Via Castiglione, 5/b, 40124 Bologna

B．Via Cartoleria, 10b, 40124 Bologna

C．Via Mario Musolesi, 9a, 40138 Bologna

D．Via Pescherie Vecchie, 3/E, 40124 Bologna

3. What can customers do at Drogheria della Rosa?

A．Communicate with the chef.

B．Take some dish-making classes.

C．Talk about art with famous artists.

D．Appreciate modern decorating styles.

10 . 假定你是李华，今天是你第一次独自下厨。请写一篇英语日记，内容包括：
1. 做饭d 理由
2. 描述过程（做一道菜即可：蒸炸炒烤拌皆可）
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Tuesday, July 7^th, 2022 Sunny
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