1 . The prevalence (普遍) of sweatshop (血汗工厂) labor depends largely on the definition being used. At its most _______ definition, the term refers to work in a confined space (small, surrounded by walls) that is extremely difficult or dangerous. Sweatshops are considered to be fairly common. If the definition being used is closely related to the commonly-held _________ of a factory with overworked, under-paid workers, sweatshop labor becomes less common than expected. _________, they are still prevalent in third-world countries. According to the United States Government Accountability Office, a sweatshop is any workplace that breaks one or more state and federal _________ laws. Experts believe that roughly 50 percent of manufacturers—_________ in the clothing industry — employ sweatshop labor.

It can be _________ to figure out the exact number of sweatshops in a particular area. These workplaces usually, if not always, violate labor laws. Violations can include workers being paid less than minimum wage, child labor, and the severe lack of safety regulations. _________, many of these locations tend to hide their identities as sweatshops through a number of different means. For example, they might bribe government officials.

Another factor that _________ the prevalence of sweatshop labor is the economic situation in the country or region. Many individuals choose to work in sweatshops simply because there are no better alternatives _________ livelihood (生计), even if the income they’re being given still cannot support their basic standards of living. This has led to a sharper increase in sweatshops in third-world economies. In these countries, there is a __________ advantage to working in a sweatshop rather than not working at all. __________, the large number of people willing to work under such conditions causes employers to run more sweatshops.

Certain economists argue against the popular opinion that sweatshop labor should be considered __________. Sweatshop supporters argue that the workplaces are a necessity for poor countries. Sweatshop workers actually earn more than average in those countries. Following this train of thought, sweatshops are looked upon as an economic stimulus (刺激物). Employers following this belief are __________ to increase the number of sweatshops in poorer countries.

However, other experts think that __________ labor standards in third-world countries creates a downward spiral (螺旋线). That is to say, people will be forced to accept working in increasingly worsening circumstances. The demand for work is significantly larger than the number of jobs that are available. It’s quite __________ for wages and employee rights to continue going downwards in response to such desperation. As a result of the economic circumstances in a given region, employers who follow this philosophy are quick to point out that their businesses do not fall under the definition of a sweatshop.

1.

A．accurate

B．general

C．applicable

D．specific

2.

A．opinion

B．condition

C．image

D．representation

3.

A．However

B．Moreover

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

4.

A．tax

B．criminal

C．civil

D．labor

5.

A．exclusively

B．particularly

C．broadly

D．initially

6.

A．meaningless

B．significant

C．awkward

D．difficult

7.

A．After all

B．As a result

C．Above all

D．As usual

8.

A．adds to

B．results from

C．puts off

D．appeals to

9.

A．in spite of

B．in addition to

C．in terms of

D．in return for

10.

A．comparative

B．competitive

C．complicated

D．potential

11.

A．By contrast

B．In turn

C．All in all

D．Last but not least

12.

A．necessary

B．constructive

C．illegal

D．inhuman

13.

A．encouraged

B．forbidden

C．reminded

D．obliged

14.

A．establishing

B．enforcing

C．maintaining

D．dropping

15.

A．possible

B．incredible

C．avoidable

D．necessary

2 . Attachment Parenting is not Indulgent (纵容) Parenting. Attachment parents do not “spoil” their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don’t give their children everything they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.

Attachment Parenting is not “afraid of tears” parenting. Our kids cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so strong that they need to get them out. They simply expect us to listen to them. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child is in need of comfort and love, it is our job to provide these things.

Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling (抓紧) to my children. In fact, I’m pretty free-range. As soon as they can move, they usually move away from me. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base.

Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don’t hover. I supervise (监督). I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don’t slap (拍，打) curious hands away. I show how to do things safely. I let my child do what he wishes to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don’t insist that my 23-month-old hold my hand when we walk on the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.

Most of the negative things that I hear about “Attachment Parents” are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment-Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centered and focuses on the needs of the child. Attachment Parents simply believe that children are taught, not trained.

1. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?

A．Reward them with toys.	B．Try to stop them crying.
C．Provide comfort and love to them.	D．Hold them tight in their arms.

2. What does “free-range” (in Para.3) refer to according to the passage?

A．The author’s providing of a home base.

B．The author’s readiness to play games with their kids.

C．The author’s being curious about watching the games they play.

D．The author’s willingness to give their kids freedom of movement.

3. Which of the following is NOT Attachment Parenting?

A．Encouraging your child’s curiosity.	B．Always standing by to protect your child.
C．Helping your child to do the right thing.	D．Showing your child how things are done.

4. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．A certain type of parenting	B．Parent-child relationships.
C．How to bring out love in children.	D．How to build children’s self-confidence.

8 . 学校即将开展的班会上会要求学生对于“What leads to success”这个话题来谈谈看法。
请你就此话题表达自己的观点，内容包括：
1. 描述你所认为成功的要素；2. 请结合自己或他人的经历来说明你的观点。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. redefine       B. profits       C. valueless       D. contrary E. typically       F. wide-scale       G. transform       H. relatively I. purpose       J. professional       K. unemployment

People worry that developments in artificial intelligence, or AI, will bring about a point in history in which AI will overtake human intelligence, thereby leading to an unimaginable revolution in human affairs. Others wonder whether we will have control over artificial intelligence or whether it will have control over us.

While this situation may not arise for hundreds of years to come, this doesn’t mean we have nothing to worry about. On the     1    , the AI products that now exist are improving faster than most people realize and are promising to basically     2     our world, though not always for the better. For now, however, they are only tools, not a competing form of intelligence. But they will     3     what work means and how wealth is created.

Unlike the Industrial Revolution and the Computer Revolution, the Al revolution is not taking certain jobs and replacing them with other jobs. Instead, it is believed that they will cause a(n)     4     elimination of jobs—mostly lower-paying jobs, but some higher-paying ones, as well.

This transformation will result in enormous     5     for the companies that develop these AI programs, as well as for the companies that adopt them. We are thus facing two developments that do not sit easily together: enormous wealth concentrated in     6     few hands and an enormous number of people out of work. What is to be done?

Part of the answer will involve educating or retraining people in tasks AI tools aren’t good at. Artificial intelligence is poorly suited for jobs involving creativity, planning and “cross-field” thinking. But these skills are     7     required for high-paying jobs, which maybe hard to retrain displaced workers to be able to do. More promising are lower-paying jobs involving the “people skills” that AI lacks: social workers, barmen, doormen-professions that require human interaction. But how many barmen does a society really need?

The solution to the problem of mass     8     will involve “service jobs of love.” These are jobs that AI cannot do, that society needs and that give people a sense of     9    . Examples include accompanying an older person to visit a doctor, helping at an orphanage and serving as a sponsor at a charity organization. The volunteer service jobs of today, in other words, may turn into the real jobs of the future.

Other volunteer jobs may be higher-paying and     10    , such as compassionate (有同情心的) medical vice providers. In all cases, people will be able to choose to work fewer hours than they do now.