1 . The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was invented by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. It is a self-report questionnaire indicating differing psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions. The MBTI personality inventory (量表) sorts people into 16 type categories, each of which is represented by four-letter codes such as INFP and ESTJ. Every year, about 1.5 million people have enjoyed discovering their personality type by completing the MBTI. Many companies, as well as hundreds of universities, use it in hiring and training.

Nevertheless, the MBTI has received a noticeable criticism from the academic community. Some research suggests the MBTI is unreliable because the same person can get different results when retaking the test. Other studies have questioned the validity of the MBTI, which is the ability of the test to accurately link the “types” to outcomes in the real world -for example, how well people classified as a certain type will perform in a given job.

Merve Emre, a professor a Oxford University, points out that it would be more scientifically advisable to score the MBTI scales continuously to show people the degree to which they resemble the types. Even when the MBTI’s results don’t quite match your intuition (直觉) about yourself or are just wrong, they can still provide self-insight and insight into differences and similarities between people.

Scoring and interpreting the MBTI the way other personality inventories are scored and interpreted might be less fun than finding. All of the folklore (民间看法) about INFPs, ESTJs, etc. would have to be dismissed. But, in the end the MBTI is sufficiently reliable and valid enough to be useful in a number of real-world contexts.

1. What do we know about the MBTI from the first paragraph?

A．It is a personality-testing tool.	B．It is divided into 16 categories.
C．It is a study of personal preference.	D．It is a questionnaire on four-letter codes.

2. Why does the MBTI invite criticism?

A．It performs badly in job interviews	B．Its reliability has been questioned.
C．It requires people to retake the test	D．Its advantages are not fully shown.

3. What does Merve Emre think of the MBTI?

A．It is beyond criticism.	B．It is a more scientific test.
C．It is less fun than other tests.	D．It is useful for self-exploration.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．How Can We Use the MBTI?	B．Why do We Criticise the MBTI?
C．Is the MBTI Totally Meaningless?	D．Is Scoring the MBTI Really Necessary?

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What impresses the man most about the house?

A．The bathrooms.

B．The gym.

C．The kitchen.

2. How many people will be living in the house?

A．Three.

B．Four.

C．Six.

3. What is the name of the man's wife?

A．Remy.

B．Ella.

C．Linda.

4. Why does the man hesitate to buy the house?

A．It's too large.

B．It has a small yard.

C．It's too far from the city.

3 . 如果你在一个大家庭长大，你就更有可能发展与他人和睦相处的能力。
If you grow up in a large family, you are __________ ___________ __________ ___________ the ability to get on well with others.

4 . There’s just a 1 in 3, 700, 000 chance that a person will be killed by a shark in their lifetime, but the fear is still enough to have swimmers worrying about being perceived as prey (猎物). Now, new research supports the long-standing theory that when great whites do go in for a bite, it’s a case of “mistaken identity”.

A team of biologists from the UK and Australia compared videos of seals swimming with videos of humans swimming. They then edited the videos to simulate (模拟) a great white’s vision — the sharks are likely colorblind, and they can’t make out fine detail-and found that from the point of view of the ocean creatures, humans do indeed bear a strong resemblance to seals.

“Great white sharks are often regarded as ‘mindless killers’ and ‘fond of human flesh’. However, that's not the case — we just look like their food,” Laura Ryan, lead author of the study, said.

Despite their dissatisfying vision and spatial perception, great white sharks are highly visual creatures, and rely on motion and shadows when on the lookout for prey. To really see through the species’s eyes, the research team had to get creative.

“We attached a camera to an underwater scooter (轻便小车), and set it to travel at a typical speed for predatory sharks,” Ryan said in a statement. The researchers then paired the recordings with computer models to simulate how similar people look from a shark's view below the surface.

“I knew there would be some similarities, but not to the extent we have found,” Ryan said. “Specifically, I thought swimmers might not be as similar as surfers to seals as they typically aren’t involved in as many shark bites. However, the swimmers are also difficult to tell apart from seals.”

Ryan put it in a statement, “Understanding why shark bites occur can help us find ways to prevent them, while keeping both humans and sharks safer.”

1. What do the underlined words “the ocean creatures” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．Seals.

B．Sharks.

C．Humans.

D．Swimmers.

2. Why did the researchers use the scooter with a camera?

A．To measure the speed of predatory sharks.

B．To take clear pictures of underwater seals.

C．To keep track of sharks’ travel underwater.

D．To see human beings through sharks' view.

3. What does the research find?

A．Swimmers are easy to tell apart from seals.

B．Swimmers are not as similar as surfers to seals.

C．The similarities between humans and seals are few.

D．Swimmers surprisingly resemble seals in sharks’ eyes.

4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Why Sharks Attack Humans	B．Are Shark Bites Common?
C．How Sharks Hunt for Food	D．Are Sharks Really Dangerous?

5 . Scientists have discovered how plants manage to live alongside each other in places that are dark and shady. Plants in the deep darkness of a thick forest, where natural supplies are not very great in amount, won’t attempt to top their neighbors in growth as those in moderate (中度的) shade do. In deep shade conditions, it would be a waste of energy and harmful to survival because green shoots would never be able to top their larger neighbors in growth.

So how do plants prevent such growth in deep shade conditions? The secret lies in the clocks insides them, say scientists from the John Ines Centre and the University of Bristol.

They have discovered that when plants notice deep shade, this changes the expression of genes parts of the circadian clock (昼夜节律时钟) — the inner daily timer found in plants and other things. These clock parts perform an additional role in preventing plants from lengthening and overtopping neighbors.

The work identifies a previously unknown role of the circadian clock in controlling plant development and the findings may have possible effects on both natural plant populations and crops. Professor Antony Dodd of the John Innes Centre said, “The biological clock of plants plays a big part in their development and fitness. This work casts new light on a new role of the circadian clock in adapting plants to competition with other plants in their environments.” “It also gives us new insights into how plants adapt to very deep shade, where resources are very limited,” said Professor Kerry Franklin at the University of Bristol.

This work provides evidence for the firmness of the circadian clock in stressful environments, and information that may be useful in developing new generations of crops in a challenging climate.

1. What do plants normally do in moderate shade?

A．Struggle to preserve energy.	B．Compete for limited resources.
C．Try to outgrow their neighbors.	D．Depend on each other to survive.

2. How does the circadian clock affect plants?

A．By changing their gene expression.	B．By making them realize light change.
C．By helping them adapt to the darkness.	D．By controlling their growth in deep shade.

3. Why does the author write the text?

A．To share a new discovery about plants.	B．To introduce the role of the circadian clock.
C．To explain plants secret of living in forests.	D．To compare plants living in certain condition.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．How plants face a challenging climate

B．Why plants respond to different shade levels

C．Why the circadian clock is vital to plants' growth

D．How plants become good neighbors in times of stress

6 . People who possess high self-esteem are able to commit better and produce a greater bond in relationships with others. Dr. Douglas feels that most people do not value themselves, but with love and self-respect anyone can be above normality and grasp success with the family, the office, or others.

We have become too reliant on intelligence, beauty, and money for our own self-esteem. The loss of esteem reduces the will and ability to set and reach goals. In a series of readings Douglas teaches how to avoid negative statements, how to change them into self-facing behavior, and how to take charge of your mental attitude. Where other motivational and self-help works stop with the theoretical plan for success, Douglas takes everyday examples and puts them into his books. From raising children who believe in themselves to using self-esteem to help bridge the gap in the workplace, he gives readers concrete solutions to the problems that might ruin their interpersonal relations.

Self-esteem building comes from filling your thoughts with positive affirmations (肯定) and learning to react to failures with motivation instead of self-destruction. These lessons are valuable for anyone who feels that life is even slightly out of control. People who feel they have adequate esteem can learn to use it to make their success grander, faster, and more beneficial for others. Douglas approaches this process of self-development as a means of more than creating good things for the individual but also for setting up keys for influencing good things for others.

For more than thirty years, Dr. Douglas has addressed more than two million people on topics from time management to speaking effectively to raising drug-free children. He is the author of fifteen books, including How to Make a Habit of Succeeding.

1. What can we infer from Paragraph 1?

A．Most people behave well enough.	B．Self-respect means being above normality.
C．Self-esteem matters much.	D．Committing better equals greater success.

2. Why does Douglas put everyday examples into bis books?

A．To be reliant on self-esteem.	B．To set and reach goals.
C．To avoid negative thoughts.	D．To offer concrete solutions.

3. What does the author advise those whose life is slightly out of control to do?

A．Learn to be positive.	B．Face it unmotivatedly.
C．Admit self-destruction.	D．Ask for help.

4. What’s the most important to be self-development?

A．Influencing the individual.	B．Influencing more people.
C．Gaining more benefits.	D．Speaking more effectively.

7 . Different countries celebrate Christmas in different ways. We asked some of our friends to explain what happens in their countries. This is what they told us:

France

In France, Christmas is always called Noël. Everyone has a Christmas tree, sometimes decorated in the old way with red ribbons and real white wax candles. Fir trees in the garden are often decorated too with lights on all night.

Father Christmas is called Père Noël. The Christmas meal is an important family gathering with good meat and the best wine. Few people send Christmas cards. More people send New Year cards to wish everyone good luck and joy for the New Year. These days Christmas lunch is a starter of foie gras (a strong tasting pate made from goose liver) followed by lunch of seafood — usually including lobsters and oysters.

New Zealand

Christmas starts for us with gifts under the tree, to be opened on Christmas morning. Then it’s onto a Christmas lunch either at home or at one’s parents place. Turkey or chicken with all the trimmings (佐料) is eaten. Then comes tea time. It is a BBQ for friends and family to get together, and have a few beers or wines with the meal!

Russia

In the days of the Soviet Union, Christmas was not celebrated very much. New Year was the important time — when “Father Frost” brought presents to children. With the fall of Communism, Christmas can be openly celebrated either on December 25th; or more often on January 7th. This unusual date is because the Russian Orthodox church uses the old “Julian” calendar for religious celebration days. Special Christmas food includes cakes, pies and “meat dumplings”.

Sweden

The most important day is Christmas Eve. A special Christmas meal is eaten on Christmas Eve — ham (pork), herring fish, and brown beans — and this is the time when families give presents to each other. Many people attend a church meeting early on Christmas Day.

1. Why do people in France send New Year cards?

A．To tell their friends the New Year is coming.

B．To ask for some special presents.

C．To invite their friends to family gathering.

D．To send their friends best wishes and happiness for the New Year.

2. What do they have in common when celebrating Christmas?

A．A special meal is prepared.

B．Everyone has a Christmas tree.

C．Parents give gifts to their children.

D．People attend a church gathering.

3. Which country celebrates Christmas “twice”?

A．France.

B．New Zealand.

C．Sweden.

D．Russia.

8 . I’m much more used to the simple language of chopsticks. To me, the art of chopsticks______more than any silver knives or forks ever could.

My grandfather’s language of love is ______. I still remember his______clearly, “Only your first two fingers should be moving, and your two chopsticks must never cross.” He can use chopsticks______. He shows me chopstick tricks and we play games with chopsticks,

What about my ______? No doubt it is ______. In her hand, chopsticks are no longer just cutlery (餐具), ______ a tool to show her concern. “Come, ______ more,” she always says while using chopsticks to ______ food for me. When my grandfather co mes home from a long day’s work,______ all the nagging (唠叨) that she gives to him, my grandmother always,______ places the best part of their food onto his plate with chopsticks, and takes the ______ for herself. There is no need for any words, when the love can be ______ with a pair of chopsticks.

Using chopsticks ______ practice, patience and perseverance ( 毅 力). After more than fifty years of marriage, my grandparents are still ______ it and practising it, with every meal and every mouthful.

1.

A．creates

B．carries

C．improves

D．accesses

2.

A．performing

B．listening

C．teaching

D．caring

3.

A．words

B．smile

C．fingers

D．face

4.

A．carefully

B．gradually

C．regularly

D．skillfully

5.

A．grandmother’s

B．grandfather’s

C．mother’s

D．father’s

6.

A．practice

B．concern

C．food

D．home

7.

A．so

B．but

C．or

D．and

8.

A．eat

B．use

C．say

D．bring

9.

A．prepare

B．pile up

C．cook

D．pick up

10.

A．but for

B．in spite of

C．as for

D．in case of

11.

A．gratefully

B．typically

C．happily

D．conveniently

12.

A．tool

B．rest

C．work

D．mouthful

13.

A．remembered

B．found

C．earned

D．expressed

14.

A．takes

B．shows

C．gathers

D．represents

15.

A．inventing

B．balancing

C．identifying

D．studying

9 . 生活是由很多因素组成的，比如家庭、朋友、学习、工作和娱乐。
Life _____ _______ ______ many elements, such as family, friends, study, work and entertainment.

10 . Hannahs daughter Isla has spent half her life home. Lockdown began when she was seven months old. Parks were a ______: the only places where Hannah could ______ her daughter there was more in the world than their flat. Lockdown ______ Hannah, an opera singer, and her husband, a director, months of work. They ______ every other day they would go out to a park, finding some ______ in the world. Hannah read maps for new places of green to ______. Every time they would find something new. Hannah says, “When we ______ this time, we’ll remember it as the year we three sat ______ on a million pretty places of grass.”

About five months later, lockdown ended. For months parks were almost ______. The only sounds were the footsteps of lone figures and the sound ______ from their headphones. Then came chats as people started ______ in twos. Summer arrived with speakers sending out loud music. ______, cheers, different kinds of instruments and shouts ______ the “noise” as impromptu (即兴的) concerts returned. Parks are really ______ to show people’s reactions to lockdown. Some people may feel depressed, but ______ people like Hannah and her family can be always seen everywhere.

1.

A．shelter

B．symbol

C．blessing

D．bonus

2.

A．teach

B．show

C．caution

D．remind

3.

A．offered

B．saved

C．owed

D．cost

4.

A．determined

B．thought

C．expected

D．explained

5.

A．adventure

B．harmony

C．beauty

D．truth

6.

A．explore

B．record

C．protect

D．remember

7.

A．look back on

B．look forward to

C．look up to

D．look down on

8.

A．apart

B．still

C．alone

D．together

9.

A．dynamic

B．distant

C．strange

D．silent

10.

A．leaking

B．falling

C．drawing

D．originating

11.

A．debating

B．wandering

C．dining

D．celebrating

12.

A．Actually

B．Occasionally

C．Eventually

D．Usually

13.

A．flooded

B．became

C．represented

D．joined

14.

A．measures

B．windows

C．signs

D．excuses

15.

A．ambitious

B．enthusiastic

C．optimistic

D．calm