1 . If you’re a white-collar worker working at an office, it’s unlikely that anyone can guess exactly what you do from your clothes. That’s not true for lots of the people you interact with. The bus driver who gets you to your destination, and the people on reception as you enter the building — they’re likely to be wearing some kind of corporate uniform. A poll of American workers conducted last summer by Gallup found that although most employees wear casual clothes, almost a quarter wear a uniform.
Some employers require uniforms, since they help ensure a level of professionalism in appearance, project a brand identity with useful job-specific features, and send a clear signal to customers about whom they should approach with questions.
Those customers draw different conclusions if staff are in uniform. A study by Robert Smith of Tilburg University and his colleagues asked people to imagine being on the receiving end of poor service when picking up a pizza. They were then shown pictures of uniformed or non-uniformed employees. Participants were more likely to blame the company than the individual for a bad experience when a uniform was involved. If corporate clothing makes each worker seem more representative of their employers, the authors suggest that it may be a good idea not to give it to inexperienced workers.
Uniforms can also affect the psychology of employees. In 2012, Hajo Adam and Adam Galinsky coined the term “unclothed cognition” to describe the effect that specific clothes have on the way people think and feel. In one study, Emilie Caspar of Ghent University gave participants the option to apply minor electric shocks to other people in return for money; those dressed in Red Cross uniforms showed more empathy than those in normal outfits.
The effects uniforms have on workers will obviously vary. The obvious objection to uniforms is that they lack individuality. But employees who don’t have to wear a formal uniform tend to have their own pattern of dressing, thus forming another informal uniform.
1. What do we know about white-collar office workers?A.They must follow strict rules about uniforms. |
B.Their way of dressing reveals their job duties. |
C.Their clothes may not be relevant to their work. |
D.They wear uniforms to inspire customers’ interest. |
A.They imagined being served in a shop. |
B.They dressed up in employees’ uniform. |
C.They were asked to work in a pizza shop. |
D.They ordered pizza from uniformed employees. |
A.They block customers’ en-clothed cognition. |
B.They re an expression of being inexperienced. |
C.They are inferior to their own pattern of dressing. |
D.They lack an express on of wearers’ individuality. |
A.An essay on fashion trend. |
B.A review of workplace culture |
C.A guidebook about making clothes. |
D.An introduction about social customs. |
2 . Navarre Scott Momaday became the first Native American to win a Pulitzer Prize after publishing his first novel, House Made of Dawn, in 1968.
Momaday didn’t feel that the recognition was as deserving as others thought. The Kiowa writer had always considered himself a poet above all else. “I don’t think of myself as a novelist,” he told the Los Angeles Times’s Edward Iwata. “I still feel poetry is the highest form of literature.” Many years after House Made of Dawn’s publication, he still saw its success as an accident.
Momaday died at age 89, and he left behind an astonishing literary achievement. His barrier-breaking novel paved the way for a new generation of Native American authors, including James Welch, Leslie Marmon Silko, Louise Erdrich and Joy Harjo. His distinctive style and vivid descriptions make the comparison to poetry appropriate. “That’s exactly what it was,” says Kevin Gover, a citizen of the Pawnee Tribe of Oklahoma. “It really reads like poetry. It is quite unique. I’ve seen very little that’s like it before or since.”
Momaday was born on February 27, 1934, in Lawton, Oklahoma. When he was a baby, the family relocated to a reservation in Arizona. They moved once again to Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, when he was 12. Momaday has said that the main character of his first novel is a combination of the troubled individuals he knew as a child at Jemez Pueblo. After earning a master’s degree and PhD in English from Stanford University, Momaday taught at several institutions. He wrote House Made of Dawn in the mornings before class.
“House Made of Dawn was about what it means to be Native in contemporary circumstances,” says Gover, who remembers following the novel’s publication and rise to literary praise when he was a child. “Momaday was from my part of the country, down in southwest Oklahoma. I remember we were all amazed — not that we could appreciate when we were kids the quality of his work — but just the fact that somebody like us had produced something that was winning such praise.”
1. What did Momaday think of his winning the Pulitzer Prize?A.It’s rewarding. | B.It’s honorable. |
C.It’s unexpected. | D.It’s challenging. |
A.To compare Momaday with them. |
B.To emphasize Momaday’s influence on them. |
C.To help readers understand Momaday’s book. |
D.To tell Momaday’s writing style comes from them. |
A.Lawton, Oklahoma. | B.Stanford University. |
C.The reservation in Arizona. | D.Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico. |
A.It’s hard for Native American authors to succeed. |
B.Modern society favors the literary creation. |
C.House Made of Dawn wasn’t a hit at first. |
D.He has loved literature since childhood. |
3 . Mrs. Oren, with her family, lived down the block from us. We were four kids living with our parents happily.
Our happiness
My morning
It was heartbreaking that I soon
What would have happened to us but for a caring
A.returned | B.approached | C.ended | D.spread |
A.Eventually | B.Fortunately | C.Temporarily | D.Particularly |
A.attended to | B.picked up | C.got back | D.came across |
A.in need | B.in the way | C.out of sight | D.at work |
A.business | B.movement | C.routine | D.career |
A.referring to | B.asking about | C.calming down | D.waking up |
A.relaxed | B.worried | C.dizzy | D.dynamic |
A.suppose | B.remember | C.forecast | D.reconsider |
A.kitchen | B.living room | C.bedroom | D.hall |
A.spotted | B.heard | C.imagined | D.left |
A.responsible | B.unprepared | C.unnoticed | D.desperate |
A.connected | B.rushed | C.forced | D.limited |
A.as usual | B.at first | C.by chance | D.in person |
A.result | B.truth | C.action | D.scene |
A.teacher | B.classmate | C.neighbor | D.relative |
4 . Employers are flooded with job applications on a daily basis. A recent study found that employers spend an average of six seconds reading a cover letter (求职信) before they make the initial decision on whether a candidate fits the job or not. Here's how to make sure yours gets the attention it deserves.
Add your cover letter keywords.
Show you “get” them. Your cover letter should demonstrate that you have done some research into what the organization’s pain points are.
Proofread (校对). Don’t assume spell check will catch every mistake.
A.Actually, it won’t. |
B.Adapt for the company. |
C.Highlight your past achievements. |
D.Address your cover letter to the proper person. |
E.This helps you to tailor your cover letter to the role. |
F.Remember that you’re selling yourself, but the employer has to want to buy. |
G.It’s important to present yourself as a solution to a hiring manager’s problem. |
5 . Teachers across America are struggling to decide whether to view artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT as friends or enemies in the classroom. Our study on whether AI affects student creativity shows that the answer isn’t always simple.
In the study, we asked college students to brainstorm — without technology — all the ways a paper clip can be used. A month later, we asked them to do the same, but using ChatGPT. We found that AI can be a useful brainstorming tool, quickly generating ideas that can spark creative exploration. But there are also potential negative effects on students’ creative thinking skills and self-confidence. While students reported that it was helpful to “have another brain”, they also felt that using AI was “the easy way out” and didn’t allow them to think on their own.
The results call for a thoughtful approach to using AI in classrooms and striking a balance that inspires students’ creativity while utilizing AI’s capabilities. The good news is that the students in our study generated more diverse and detailed ideas when using AI. They found that AI was useful for kick-starting brainstorming sessions.
When it comes to brainstorming with AI, some students voiced concerns about over-reliance on the technology, fearing it might hurt their own thoughts and, consequently, confidence in their creative abilities. Some students reported a “fixation of the mind”, meaning that once they saw the AI’s ideas, they had a hard time coming up with their own. Some students also questioned the originality of ideas generated by AI. Our research noted that while using ChatGPT improved students’ creative output individually, the AI’s ideas tended to be repetitive overall.
The study results indicate that allowing students to practice creativity independently first will strengthen their belief in themselves and their abilities. Once they complete this, AI can be useful in furthering their learning, much like teaching long division to students before introducing a calculator. That’s to say, teaching students to be creative thinkers rather than rely on AI for answers is the key to answering the question mentioned above.
1. Why were the students required to use ChatGPT after a month in the study?A.To clarify a concept. | B.To make a comparison. |
C.To explain a definition. | D.To present an argument. |
A.Learning. | B.Designing. |
C.Taking advantage of. | D.Having control of. |
A.Its negative aspects. | B.Its limited creativity. |
C.Its reliable originality. | D.Its potential development. |
A.The future of AI use is uncertain. | B.Traditional teaching still has a place. |
C.AI’s capabilities are unquestionable. | D.Human creativity should come first. |
1. 时间、地点;
2. 晚会内容。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Jenkins,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
For 8-year-old Perryn Miller and his family from Holly Ridge, North Carolina, Christmas was anything but relaxing. Their troubles were far more depressing than the regular holiday headaches. Earlier last year, the Millers lost their home to Hurricane Florence. They’ve been staying in a small house ever since.
Last December, the family travelled to Utah to visit their relatives, where they were hoping for a brief break. That was when Perryn started experiencing headaches. His parents, Jacob and Jaimee, received shocking news that their little boy had cancer after a trip to the emergency room. Doctors diagnosed Perryn with glioblastoma multiforme, a rare and aggressive form of brain disease. The family has remained in Utah ever since, so Perryn can go through chemotherapy and radiation at Primary Children’s Hospital. He’s already proved what a little fighter he is by making it through surgery.
His parents are obviously heartbroken, but they say they’re also moved by the outpouring of support they’ve received. Just over two weeks after creating a GoFundMe campaign to raise money for Perryn’s medical expenses, they’ve already received nearly $50,000.
For Perryn, though, there was one thing missing in his recovery: the comforting presence of his dog, Frank. Perryn has a deep bond with Frank. Every afternoon, Frank would go to the side of the road to wait for Perryn who would come home on the school bus. However, the 8-month-old German dog had been left behind in North Carolina while they were visiting their relatives in Utah, and it was being looked after by their neighbor. It is 2,300 miles from Holly Ridge, North Carolina to the house of Perryn’s relatives. Under normal circumstances, it takes 52 hours to drive to get to the Primary Children’s Hospital. Perryn’s story quickly spread on social media, where it caught the eye of a former truck driver, Bob Reynolds, who was a stranger to the Millers at that time.
注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Bob Reynolds decided to offer Perryn an amazing gift.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Then after thorough preparation, Bob set out.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Many Chinese people have recently been surprised
The northeastern region of the country has been attracting
To show its
The cranberries surprised a lot of Chinese people, even many from Heilongjiang Province,
Other types of fruits grown in Northeast China include blueberries and raspberries, which
9 . If you’re interested in increasing your academic knowledge, consider taking an online college course.
Open Culture
It provides access to over 1,700 college courses for free. They’re chosen from subjects like literature and computer science or specific schools like Harvard and Oxford. If you want to obtain an online degree, you pay the relevant fees. The site also provides access to certificates, movies, and e-books. Some course categories include:
Architecture
Communication
FutureLearn
It offers free membership classes in several subjects, like law and literature, taught by college professors and industry experts. Premium (高级) membership courses are available for a fee. There are various course types, which are short courses, online degrees, ExpertTracks and Microcredentials. You can complete the courses at your own pace. Featured courses include:
Copywriting Fundamentals
A Beginner’s Guide to Fashion Design
Academic Earth
It matches prospective students with online coursework, either to audit (旁听) or work towards a degree. It’s free to audit classes, but if you seek course credits, you pay a fee before attending the class. You may also select the university you wish to receive your online degree based on the ones the site offers. Its degree program includes subjects like:
Business
Education
Coursera
It affords students access to free courses and paid degree courses from several distinguished international colleges and universities. From the site, you can explore earning a certification or a degree based on your learning goals. If you’re seeking a new career path, the site can help you with the process by offering courses to develop your skills and earn professional documents. A few of the free classes offered include:
Financial Markets
Introduction to Psychology
1. What is special about FutureLearn’s courses?A.They can all be learned flexibly. | B.They all belong to premium members. |
C.They’re all related to law and literature. | D.They’re all taught by college professors. |
A.Academic Earth. | B.Open Culture. |
C.FutureLearn. | D.Coursera. |
A.They’re fit for beginners with free time. |
B.They specifically serve working people. |
C.They only charge for their certain courses. |
D.They offer courses for awarding degrees only. |
10 . Could short interactions with other people’s dogs really be good for us?
Nancy Gee, a professor from Virginia Commonwealth University, says there’s growing evidence that levels of the stress hormone cortisol (激素皮质醇) drop in people after just 5 to 20 minutes spent interacting with dogs — even if it’s not their own pet. “Also, we see increases in oxytocin, which is a feel-good kind of bonding hormone,” she says. And it’s not just humans that benefit from these brief exchanges. “We see the same thing in the dogs, so the dogs’ oxytocin also increases when they interact with a human,” says Gee.
And of course, not everyone is a dog person. “They’re not necessarily going to be great for every single person. But for people who really get it, who really connect with the animals, they really can make a big difference,” Gee says.
Research on the health benefits of human interactions with animals — especially with dogs— has exploded in recent years, thanks to funding from the National Institutes of Health and the Waltham Petcare Science Institute. Though the field is still young, Gee says the quality of the evidence is improving all the time, including more randomized controlled trials looking at short interactions. “We’re seeing really nice effects,” she says.
Professor Megan Mueller, whose research focuses on the psychology of human-animal relationships, says watching dogs sniff the grass or explore the world around them makes us pay more attention, too. “They sort of pull you out of your phone and into whatever environment that you’re in.” She says there’s some evidence that the act of really touching a dog might be an important part of their calming effect. For instance, one study done in Canada found that college students reported their improved learning results and reduced feelings of homesickness after brief interactions with dogs, and that effect was much bigger in those who really got to pet the animals. She’s currently running a study that’s found similar results.
1. What can we say about humans’ interacting with other people’s dogs?A.It’s a two-way street. | B.It’s a risky behavior. |
C.It’s human nature. | D.It’s an act of love. |
A.This field is new to them. | B.They are supported financially. |
C.There is already much to refer to. | D.The research methods are mature. |
A.Watching dogs helps us communicate better. |
B.Walking dogs stops us playing on the phone. |
C.Interacting with dogs randomly affects us less. |
D.Touching dogs makes us learn more effectively. |
A.Owning a Dog Is Not for Everybody | B.Petting Dogs Briefly Does Us Good |
C.Dogs Interact with Humans on Purpose | D.Dog Ownership Is a Big Responsibility |