1 . Waking up at the crack of dawn and going for a run might feel awful when you start trying to make it a habit. Weaving a significant new activity such as this into your regular routine obviously takes determination and time.     1    

One popular idea suggests that it takes 21 days to solidify a habit. People tend to feel extra motivated to start a new habit or kick an old one.     2     Yet every January 21 very few people can boast that they have kept their resolutions.

Everyone has a unique habit-building timeline.     3     Experts suggest various individualized ways to practice frequently, which eventually turn a task into an unconscious habit.

    4     Teaching yourself a completely new skill or process obviously takes longer than remembering to drink more water in the morning. A 2015 study found that new gym-goers had to exercise at least four times a week for six weeks in order to develop an exercise habit. The results showed that creating a handwashing habit took a few weeks.     5     Anyway, handwashing is less complex and offers more opportunities to practice.

The researchers also suggested that habit formation depends on the effort that a person puts into practicing an activity and on the presence of environmental cues that would remind them to carry out the behavior.

A．The type of activity is also a factor.

B．The strategies of activity impact the way.

C．People want to form a habit of exercising regularly.

D．But how much time is really needed to make that habit stick?

E．It might sound easily reachable to make a resolution on New Year’s Day.

F．By comparison, it took half a year for people to develop an exercise habit.

G．However long it is for any individual, repetition is the key to making it work.

2 . Bill Bryson’s phenomenally popular books are a great success of amateur enthusiasm over scholarly expertise. In the highly reviewed Shakespeare (2007), he raced us through the playwright’s life and works in 222 pages; A Short History of Nearly Everything (2003) was his 624-page analysis of “everything that has happened from the Big Bang to the rise of civilisation” — and it remains the best-selling science book of the 21st century so far. Can he make it again with A Really Short Journey Through the Body, which promises us a “head to toe” tour in 138 pages?

In his books for adult readers, Bryson’s success has lain in an ability to turn vast, complex subjects into an easy and pleasant narrative, filled with tiny facts and odd stories. His latest book, which follows his adult title The Body (2020), is aimed at children as young as eight, for whom this proven writing style works well.

“No doubt about it, the human body is a truly remarkable thing,” Bryson writes, and it’s the remarkable facts that interest him the most. Did you know that you bl ink 14,000 times a day? Or that it takes seven billion billion billion atoms to make you? And that if you formed all your DNA into a single line, it would reach 10 billion miles across the solar system?

Fresh doctors might find some of the entries frustratingly brief. The tongue, for example, receives only a paragraph, while, a chapter, entitled ‘Poo and Farts’, is relatively detailed: “In your life, you’ll probably po o the weight of 5 cars but you’ll have eaten the weight of 60. So that’s not a terrible result.”

Biology books can be heavy weather, but Bryson’s skill, as ever, is to turn the story of the human body into a thoroughly digestible read.

1. What do Bryson’s latest book and The Body (2020) have in common?

A．They are easy to read.	B．They are both about physics.
C．They are intended for adults.	D．They are both best-selling books.

2. What is the purpose of Paragraph 3?

A．To analyze the structure of the book.	B．To illustrate the attraction of the book.
C．To show the scientific value of the book.	D．To display the main contents of the book.

3. What does the underlined phrase “heavy weather” mean in the last paragraph?

A．Packed with facts.	B．Weather-related.
C．Hard to understand.	D．Popular and readable.

4. What is the text?

A．An introduction to a book.	B．An essay on biology.
C．A news report on science.	D．A biography of a writer.

3 . Oxford’s world-class museums house rare treasures from the natural world as well as amazing art and handicrafts. The museums are also a valuable study resource for students and academics.

Ashmolean Museum

Where: Beaumont Street, OX12PH

When: 10:00-17:00

The Ashmolean Museum is home to the university’s collection of art and archaeology. Founded in 1683, it was the first public museum in the UK and is one of the oldest in the world. Particularly relevant to: Ancient and Modern History.

www.ashmolean.org

History of Science Museum

Where: Broad Street,OX13AZ

When: 12:00-17:00

This museum houses an unequaled collection of historic scientific instruments, including Einstein’s blackboard and the first cultures of the lifesaving antibiotic Penicillin.

Particularly relevant to all science and history courses.

www.hsm.ox.ac.uk

Oxford University Museum of Natural History

Where: Parks Road, OX13PW

When: 10:00-17:00

The museum houses an impressive range of scientific collections of zoological and geologicalsamples in a spectacular Victorian building.

Particularly relevant to: Biology; Earth Sciences.

www.oum.ox.ac.uk

Pitt Rivers Museum

Where: Parks Road, OX13PW

When: 10:00-14:00

The Pitt Rivers Museum is home to a remarkable collection of man-made objects from all partsof the world, famous for its celebrated displays and its leading role in contemporary research.

Particularly relevant to: Archaeology and Anthropology; History of Art.

www.prm.ox.ac.uk

1. If you want to know more about Penicillin, which website should you surf?

A．www.hsm.ox.ac.uk.	B．www.oum.ox.ac.uk.
C．www.ashmolean.org.	D．www.prm.ox.ac.uk

2. What is Pitt Rivers Museum especially related to?

A．Art and archaeology	B．Undergraduates studying.
C．Historic scientific instruments.	D．Collections of man-made objects.

3. The purpose of the text is to get people to ______.

A．study history	B．preserve heritage
C．visit museums	D．appreciate handicrafts

4 . While it’s impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start, new Department of Defense-sponsored research from Brigham Young University’s Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels.

For their experiments, fire expert Thomas H. Fletcher and co-authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible (坩埚) of a thermo gravimetric analyzer (热重分析仪) and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius. As they watched the leaves burn, they categorized the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat. They also compared the impact of two heat sources: convective (think of wind-driven fires) and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames).

The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn. That’s important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species.

“Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time, the fire has moved and it’s not in the same place anymore,” Fletcher said. “We’re aiming towards giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks.”

The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed (有计划的) burns and for unplanned wildfires. With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually, any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority.

“With all we’ve done to research them, fires are still out of control,” Fletcher said. “Our model can’t prevent a fire, but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts, it doesn’t blow up into a huge, uncontrollable fire.”

1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The research subjects.	B．The research findings.
C．The research procedures.	D．The research objectives.

2. What does the research find about the chemistry of plants?

A．It affects the speed of a fire.	B．It is one of the causes of a fire.
C．It breaks down quickly in a fire.	D．It helps plants survive in a fire.

3. What does the underlined word “propagate” in paragraph 4 mean?

A．Explode.

B．Spread.

C．Die down.

D．Break out.

4. Why do the researchers develop the new model?

A．To make the most out of wildfires.	B．To control wildfires more efficiently.
C．To predict the outbreak of wildfires.	D．To prevent wildfires from happening.

5 . Disabled astronauts-in-training have completed a zero-gravity flight 25,000ft above Earth to help understand how spacesuits and spaceships can be made more accessible.

The group of 14, who were from five different countries, including Australia, Brazil, Germany, Spain and the US, was made up of scientists, engineers and doctors. They have mobility, vision and hearing difficulties.

The groundbreaking trip, organized by AstroAccess, happened on a Zero-G aircraft in Houston, Texas. It came just weeks after the European Space Agency (ESA) announced that former Paralympian runner, John McFall, would be part of the 2022 ESA Astronaut Class. The mission took off and landed at Ellington Airport, next to the Houston Spaceport and the NASA Johnson Space center — home to the US human spaceflight training.

On climbing to a height of 25,000ft, the vehicle began 18 parabolic manoeuvres (抛物线演习), allowing the crews to test out what was needed to make trips to space more accessible for those with disabilities.

One group tested a set of tactile graphics (触觉图形) to be added to cabin walls that would allow both blind crew members and short-sighted crew members to maintain a sense of direction during emergencies and help them find emergency device in zero gravity if the lights went off. Those working with the Blind and Mobility Crew were able to demonstrate that a disabled person can independently get into a launch seat and safely fasten the five-point seat belt, proving that disabled people can safely join space missions. The hard-of-hearing and blind crews worked with Sony and Sonic Cloud to help improve speech understanding systems onboard, using Sonic Cloud’s innovative sound personalization software.

Matt Gohd, CEO of Zero-G Corporation said: “From our time with Steven Hawking to our relationship with AstroAccess, Zero-G believes that the only limits you have are the ones you place on yourself. We are honored to share this amazing experience and the first steps to space with this extraordinary group of individuals. Space should be open to everyone.”

1. What is the idea behind the flight?

A．Space travel can be accessible to everyone.

B．Space travel will become a popular industry.

C．Space travel can develop a spirit of adventure.

D．Space travel will be good for universe exploration.

2. What was special about the flight?

A．It had a former athlete on board.	B．It was designed for disabled people.
C．It was the first zero-gravity flight ever.	D．It got financial aid from different countries.

3. Why were the tests conducted?

A．To make preparations for the flight.

B．To enhance speech understanding systems.

C．To better the skills of the disabled in using launch seats.

D．To evaluate the possibility of space travel for the disabled.

4. What message is conveyed in Matt Gohd’s words?

A．Great minds think alike.	B．Unity is strength.
C．Actions speak louder than words.	D．Anything is possible.

6 . Everyone reacts to the pressures of an upcoming test differently.     1     When you know you have a test ahead, prepare yourself mentally and physically well in advance to minimize test anxiety. Here are some tips to help get you through the days leading up to your test.

    2     It helps you engage with your material, and it gives you something else for reference when you study later. If your notes are detailed enough, you can read over them to study. You can also use them to make flashcards and other study aids.

Where you study can be just as important as how you study. Choose a place that’s comfortable, whether that’s your bedroom, a quiet table at the library, or a bench at the local park. Make sure the area has good lighting so you aren’t straining your eyes, and ensure it’s quiet and free from distractions.     3    

Don’t try to cram (填塞) all of your material into your brain the night before the big test. Cramming can cause stress and anxiety.     4     For example, if you know the test is in two weeks, divide the material into 10 to 14 parts and spend a set amount of time each day to review one part.

If you work well with groups, consider forming or joining a study group with others who are serious about passing the test. Try to keep the group small so that everyone has a chance to engage.     5     And consider making someone the leader of the group to help keep everyone on track.

A．Instead, it’s best to study a little bit each day.

B．But it’s normal to feel a bit nervous or anxious.

C．Agree on a schedule and location to meet each week.

D．There’s no need to stay up cramming the night before the big test.

E．Consider turning off your phone and any other electronic devices.

F．Preparing for a test can begin days, weeks, and even months in advance.

G．Note taking helps focus your attention on what you’re reading or hearing.

7 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Luis scanned the field. The soccer ball was tucked (盘带) between his feet. He searched and searched until… there! His friend Nicholas was wide open. He passed the ball to Nicholas. Nicholas trapped the ball and swung his leg back, kicked, and…

GOAL!!! Luis leaped up and down, celebrating. Just then, Devon walked up, his face twisted in anger. Devon had started playing soccer during breaks with them a few weeks ago. He was a nice enough guy when he felt like things in the game had gone his way. But when he felt like they hadn’t, watch out.

“Why didn’t you pass the ball to me, Luis?” Devon shouted.

“Guy, you weren’t open. It’s just that simple.” Luis responded.

“I’m fast though!” Devon protested, his voice still loud and angry.

Luis ignored him. He didn’t like being dragged into arguments. So that’s what he did with Devon most of the time —just ignored him. It almost always worked.

“I don’t like the way that Devon talks after soccer,” Nicholas said. Luis looked up from his book. They took the same bus after school.

“What do you mean?” he asked as Nicholas sat down.

“He’s always yelling at people and bragging (吹嘘) about himself.” Luis nodded. That was true. “It isn’t right,” Nicholas continued. “It makes soccer less fun. I want to tell him that he can’t play with us anymore. I already talked to all the other guys and they all agreed with me,” Nicholas said. His eyes were set in determination.

The bus started to slow down for Nicholas’ stop. Nicholas stood up, swinging his backpack back onto his shoulder. Luis watched as Nicholas ran off the bus. Although everyone had been getting a bit sick of Devon ruining soccer for a while, shutting him out seemed too extreme. He spent the rest of the ride trying to figure out what he should do.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The next day Luis asked Devon if he could talk with him.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Devon kept playing soccer with them for the rest of the school year.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Volha Halpyarovich, from Belarus,     1     (experience) the healing power of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a child. “When I caught a cold or had a cough, my mom used to make a cupping, a technique that involves placing cups on the skin     2     (create) suction (吸力),” said Halpyarovich.

After she moved to China over 12 years ago, she became even more crazy about Chinese medicine. Living in a community with a drugstore     3     Chinese traditional herbs and medicine were sold, Halpyarovich met an experienced doctor. The wise old gentleman began with a thorough diagnosis, checking her pulse, examining her tongue, and observing her eyes. To her surprise, he accurately pointed out her health issues     4     talking too much.

TCM views the body as     5     universe connected with nature. It focuses on improving blood circulation and removing blocks,     6     (lead) to enhanced well-being. After following the treatment, Halpyarovich felt     7     (good). She believes that traditional Chinese medicine is not only a kind of treatment, but it’s a lifestyle.

As more people seek harmony with nature and within     8     (they), Halpyarovich recommends traditional Chinese medicine. “I find it to be a complex and     9     (benefit) method that is in agreement with the goal of living in harmony,” she said. From cupping to personalized herbal treatment, she encourages others to explore the diverse and useful       10     (approach) that Chinese traditional medicine has to offer.

9 . The Ladakh region, the northernmost plateau of India, sits more than 3,000m above sea level. The tall Himalayan mountains stop the _________ rains from coming there. So Ladakh has usually been _________ in the sun for 300 days per year. Floods were _________ unheard of before. However, floods have _________ four times since 2010 owing to climate change.

A decade and a half ago, the Ladakhi land provided villagers with a _________ water supply. Winter snow melted (融化) to _________ rivers and provided water for agriculture in the spring. But climate change has seen average winter _________ in Ladakhi rise. The snow melts faster, _________ villagers with little or no water in the spring. More and more _________ are leaving.

Despite that, there is __________ for this region. In 2019, engineer Sonam Wangchuk __________ unmelted ice under a bridge, sheltered from the sun. __________, he had an idea. Wangchuk wanted to help villagers __________ water in winter which could be saved for use in the spring. Freezing it in the shape of a cone (圆锥体) could maximize the volume of ice per surface area exposed to the sun and __________ the amount of time it would take to melt.

The engineer and a team of local people began looking for the best way of creating cones of ice. Eventually, they did it. Now named ice towers, they have gained __________ all across Ladakh.

1.

A．heavy

B．cold

C．daily

D．annual

2.

A．lost

B．bathed

C．trapped

D．hidden

3.

A．virtually

B．eventually

C．frequently

D．accidentally

4.

A．decreased

B．risen

C．occurred

D．escaped

5.

A．limited

B．stable

C．unique

D．changeable

6.

A．slow down

B．clean up

C．divide

D．feed

7.

A．temperatures

B．snowfalls

C．fogs

D．rivers

8.

A．surrounding

B．helping

C．leaving

D．equipping

9.

A．hikers

B．farmers

C．engineers

D．businessmen

10.

A．doubt

B．fear

C．peace

D．hope

11.

A．remembered

B．searched

C．noticed

D．measured

12.

A．Then

B．Besides

C．However

D．Instead

13.

A．carry

B．produce

C．freeze

D．purify

14.

A．lengthen

B．save

C．display

D．reduce

15.

A．fame

B．strength

C．victory

D．popularity

10 . If you’re traveling with your family and looking for great fun in Iceland, check this list of family-friendly tours. These tours help you make the best of your family vacation.

Ice caving tour on Langjokull Glacier (冰川)

On this Langjokull Glacier tour, explore the world’s largest man-made ice cave. A 20-ton monster truck will take you to the entrance of the cave, located close to the top of the glacier. Then hike through the 500m long ice tunnel with separate frozen halls and admire brilliant blue ice formations. You’ll dream about this ice cave experience for years to come!

Whale watching tour from Reykjavik

Hit the high seas on a Dalvik whale watching tour. Witness humpback whales, blue whales, minke whales and even dolphins! In true Icelandic fashion, you will get the chance to try your hand at sea fishing. Your fresh catch will be barbequed Icelandic-style when the tour ends, the perfect way to wrap up the day.

River rafting (漂流) down Gullfoss Canyon.

Whether you’re an expert or beginner, Iceland’s white waters attract people of all skill levels. Your tour begins at Drumboddsstadir, continues down the Hvita River and ends in Bruarhlod Canyon, located at the foothills of Gullfoss Waterfall. The waters will lead you past a water-carved gorge and over a few steep rapids on an unforgettable adventure of a lifetime.

Old farm hike

On this tour we’ll be aiming for the old abandoned farm at Kleif — watching out for the Arctic wildlife that lives in the area, including reindeer and plenty of birds. Upon arrival, we’ll go on a fully guided tour of the farm and hear stories of how Icelanders managed to survive in this unfriendly place. Finally, we’ll enjoy some warming refreshments at the farm after an educational day in the wilderness.

1. What do we know about the ice cave?

A．It is artificial.	B．It has a secret entrance.
C．It lies under a glacier.	D．It is the deepest in the world.

2. Which tour might appeal to adventurers most?

A．Ice caving tour.

B．Whale watching tour.

C．River rafting.

D．Old farm hike.

3. What can you do on the old farm hike tour?

A．Have a barbecue in the wilderness.	B．Learn farming from local people.
C．Practice hunting Arctic animals.	D．Explore the history of the farm.