1 . Born in New York in 1918, scientist Gertrude B. Elion had an impressive career, during which she developed medicines to cure many major diseases. Elion spent her early youth in Manhattan. She attended senior high school and had, in her words, an unbelievable thirst for knowledge.
Influenced by the death of her grandfather, who died of cancer, Elion entered Hunter College at the age of 15 and graduated in chemistry at the age of 19. She had difficulty finding employment after graduation because many laboratories refused to hire women chemists. She found a part-time job as a lab assistant and went back to school at New York University. Elion worked as a high school teacher for a few years after finishing work on her master’s degree.
The start of World War II created more opportunities for women. At the age of 26, Elion was able to get a job at Burroughs Welcome, where she began a 40-year partnership with Dr. George H. Hitchings. Her thirst for knowledge impressed Dr. Hitchings, and he permitted her to take on more responsibility.
Elion and Hitchings set out on a course of creating medicines by studying the chemical composition of diseased cells. Rather than relying on old trial-and-error methods, they used the differences in biochemistry between normal human cells and pathogens(病原体)to design medicines. In all, Elion obtained 45 patents on medicine and was awarded 23 honorary degrees.
In 1988, Elion received the Nobel Prize for Medicine, together with George H. Hlitchings and Sir James Black. She received other awards for her work, including the National Medal of Science in 1991, and that same year, she became the first woman to be absorbed into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. In 1997, she was awarded the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award.
1. What can we say about Elion as a high school student?A.She had a satisfying part-time job. |
B.She had a strong desire for learning. |
C.She had a gift for chemistry at high school. |
D.She made great achievements in chemistry. |
A.To meet her grandfather’s wish. |
B.To find a good job after graduation. |
C.To create medicines to cure diseases. |
D.To be a chemistry teacher in the future. |
A.In 1944. | B.In 1937. | C.In 1933. | D.In 1984. |
A.Her later life. | B.Her contributions. |
C.Her interest in chemistry. | D.Her honors. |
2 . Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways.
You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.
● Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.
●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts.
● Write your notes in your own words.
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● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written.
As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand (速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time.
A.First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. |
B.There are three practical note-taking methods. |
C.You must write your notes on separate paper. |
D.Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later. |
E.You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes. |
F.That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. |
G.Use words, not complete sentences. |
3 . Reading more is one of the top goals that many people set for themselves.
Make a list. Keep a list of all the great books you want to read. You can keep this in your journal, in a pocket notebook, wherever.
Find a quiet place. Find a place at your home where you can sit in a comfortable chair and read a good book without interruptions. There should be no television or computer near the chair to minimize distractions.
Have a reading hour or reading day. If you turn off the TV or the Internet in the evening, you could have a set hour when you and maybe all the members of your family read each night.
A.Read more good books. |
B.Reduce television and the Internet. |
C.If you want, you can sell a good book, |
D.If you don't have a place like this, create one. |
E.Or you could enjoy a reading day of your own. |
F.Be sure to add to it whenever you hear about a good book. |
G.A good book can teach you things beyond your daily horizons. |
In my opinion, we should try our best
I used to be
5 . This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy.
But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history.
Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.
It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep.
A.Having interesting things to think about also helps. |
B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves. |
C.Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relativity , Coke or Post-it notes. |
D.At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. |
E.It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. |
F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. |
G.Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. |
6 . The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Gxrylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
1. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?A.He got lost. | B.He broke his skis. |
C.He hurt his eyes. | D.He caught a cold. |
A.He found a shelter. | B.He lighted some branches. |
C.He kept on skiing. | D.He built a snow cave. |
A.returned to his shelter safely | B.was saved by a searcher |
C.got stuck in the snow | D.stayed where he was |
A.did the right things in the dangerous situation |
B.watched Grylls’ TV program regularly |
C.created some tips for survival |
D.was very hard-working |