1 . Dogs may understand more than they show. Pet dogs’ brains displayed neural (神经的) signs of surprise when their owners showed them an unexpected toy. The findings, published March 22 in Current Biology, suggest that dogs create mental concepts of objects.
“Anyone who has ever interacted very much with a dog probably is not surprised to know that dogs understand what your speech is referring to, especially when it contains common objects,” says Ellen Lau, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland in College Park. But some people may assume that this “understanding” is a simple reaction to the sound of the word.
Marianna Boros, a neuroscientist at Lorand University in Budapest, recruited 27 pet dogs and their owners. The team asked the owners to bring five familiar toys and other objects to the lab. Researchers stuck electrodes (电极) to the dogs’ heads and gave them two tasks: lie on the floor and stay awake.
Every so often, a dog would hear a recording of its owner saying things like, “Kun-Kun, look, the ball!” The dog’s owner was on the other side of a wall with a window covered by the curtains. Just after the recording played, the curtains were opened, showing the owner holding a toy — the ball or a different toy, such as a rope.
Just after seeing an unexpected object, an electrode monitoring (监测) brain activity picked up a larger-than-normal signal. This signal indicates surprise, the team says, and suggests that the dog had already formed a mental concept and expectation of the ball after hearing that word. In fact, the signal was especially strong for a mismatch involving words that the dogs knew very well. “That suggests that it is really about understanding and knowledge of the word,” Boros says.
1. Which is Ellen Lau’s view on dogs’ understanding of speech?A.Dogs understand speech as a simple reaction to the sound of the word. |
B.Dogs understand speech, especially when it involves common objects. |
C.Dogs have limited understanding of speech, mainly reacting to tone. |
D.Dogs shows completely understanding of the deeper meaning of the speech. |
A.By monitoring their brain activity. | B.By observing their behaviors. |
C.By playing recordings. | D.By opening the curtains. |
A.Dogs hear commands. | B.Dogs rise to their feet. |
C.Dogs show relief. | D.Dogs form expectations. |
A.Examining Dogs’ Hearing of Words | B.Revealing Dogs’ Mental Concepts |
C.Exploring Dogs’ Reactions to the Orders | D.Studying Dogs’ Neural System |
2 . Are aliens trying to contact Earth? Six new mysterious blasts (爆炸) of radio energy are detected from deep space. While the source of the waves remains unknown, some suggest the mysterious bursts of energy could be a sign of alien life trying to contact us. The waves were detected by researchers from McGill University in Montreal.
The detection follows 11 previously recorded outbursts from the same location, called FRB121102. This is the only known repeater of fast radio bursts (FRBs). Despite there being a number of FRBs from the site, the origin of the bursts is an ongoing puzzle to researchers.
But the researchers say that the repeated outbursts imply that whatever is causing the radio bursts is not a one-time event, such as an explosion or collision. Instead, they say that flares (耀斑) from a young neutron star (中子星) are a promising candidate.
Previously when waves have been detected, astronomers have also asked SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) to take a closer look at whether they could be a message from aliens. But it is unclear whether the McGill researchers will ask SETI to help this time.
If there are any intelligent alien life forms out there, Stephen Hawking thinks we’re playing a dangerous game by trying to contact them. The physicist believes if aliens discovered Earth, they would likely want to conquer and colonize our planet.
”If aliens visit us, the outcome could be much like when Columbus landed in America, which didn’t turn out well for the Native Americans, “he said in an interview.
But co-founder and former director of the SETI Institute, Jill Tarter, doesn’t think this will be the case. She argues any aliens who have managed to travel across the universe may be friendly and peaceful.
“The idea of a civilization which has managed to survive far longer than we have... and the fact that the technology remains an aggressive one, to me, doesn’t make sense,” she said.
1. Why does the author use a question in paragraph 1?A.To attract readers’ attention. | B.To let readers answer it. |
C.To make an argument. | D.To question the truth of others’ ideas. |
A.The explosion of a star. | B.Messages from aliens. |
C.Flares from a neutron star. | D.A collision between two stars. |
A.We should try to find the aliens. | B.We can play games with the aliens. |
C.The aliens may conquer the earth. | D.The aliens may land in America one day. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Critical. | C.Indifferent. | D.Optimistic. |
3 . Richard Browning has been attracted by flight ever since his father took him into the hills to fly gliders (滑翔机). He has certainly been an adventurer. Richard took it upon himself to develop his own jet suit and began to experiment with some of his friends. He made quick progress. In 2017, he felt confident enough to start a company called Gravity Industries that could make jet suits. It took 15 months to develop the very first one.
Five very small jet engines are built into the jet suit. These are powered by kerosene (煤油). Two engines are located on the pilot’s arms and one is placed on the back. Each engine weighs less than two kilos and can produce 22 kilos of thrust (推力).
The pilot is able to control the direction and speed of the flight. He does this by small movements of the arms which require hours of practice. One wrong move and you could end up falling to the ground.
Richard is not only in charge of his company; he is also the chief test pilot. He has spent hours and hours perfecting the correct moves to create a perfect flight. He was able to enter the Guinness Book of World Records in 2017 when he became the fastest man in a jet suit and flew at 51 kilometres per hour. Since then, he has presented his jet suit at 60 events in 20 different countries around the world. More recently, he flew alongside Brighton Pier on the south coast of England at 136 kilometres per hour!
The objective of Richard’s company has been to build a suit which members of the public can buy. The first went on sale in a department store in 2018 for f 340, 000. If you want to jet around your own hometown, it’s time to start saving—or to work for Richard Browning.
1. What do we know about Richard?A.He was absorbed in flight. | B.He is no stranger to misfortune. |
C.He is slow in making up his mind. | D.He started his company with his father. |
A.It is easy to control. | B.It is the lightest in the world. |
C.It consists of two engines. | D.It leads the world in its field. |
A.It’ll be much faster. | B.It’ll save more energy. |
C.It’ll reach ordinary customers soon. | D.It’ll ease his hometown’s heavy traffic. |
A.Being good is different from being great. | B.He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. |
C.One cannot succeed without time and practice. | D.Luck, talent and friendship help to achieve success. |
4 . Even the most positive people have negative thoughts. It’s part of being human. But when negative thoughts become the norm, it isn’t healthy.
Monitor your self-talk. We all have an ongoing dialogue running in our head, which affects how we view our life.
Plant positive thoughts in your mind. Not every negative thought is “bad”. For example, “I feel stressed and upset about my job because there are so many new things I am learning, but overtime I’ll learn and it’ll get easier.” has a negative aspect, but it promotes a positive action. Therefore, it’s important to make the distinction between helpful thoughts and negative ones.
Challenge your unhelpful thoughts.
Repeat. Realistic thinking doesn’t come easy, especially when you are also working on managing anxiety, depression, and other problems.
A.Identify thoughts that aren’t helpful. |
B.Analyse what self-talk is the most beneficial. |
C.But because it’s constantly running, we often forget it’s there. |
D.These thoughts can consume your energy or cause physical problems. |
E.To be more realistic, you need to question whether your thoughts are factual. |
F.You need to continually return to it even when it feels natural to become negative. |
G.Fortunately, there are steps you can take to change your negative thoughts into realistic thinking. |
5 . Rolland and Adeline are proud parents to nine beautiful children. Their youngest two, daughter Lanto, and son, Rindra, were both born with cleft lip (唇裂) conditions. In Madagascar, many families have never seen a cleft lip before, so it’s a condition often greeted with fear and misfortune in some rural communities.
However, the news of Lanto and Rindra’s cleft lip wasn’t much of a shock for Rolland and Adeline because Rolland’s cousin—a man in his fifties — had lived his entire adult life with an untreated cleft lip. Although seeing a relative with a cleft lip meant the family weren’t fearful of the condition, they knew the negative impact an untreated cleft lip can have on a person’s health and life. As all loving parents would, Rolland and Adeline wanted a better future for their children.
Rolland heard an advertisement on the radio about an Operation Smile surgical programme in Antsirabe, Madagascar. Finding out that Rindra and Lanto could have the cleft lip surgery they needed, for free, was a dream for the family. Unlike here in the UK, health services aren’t free in many parts of the world, and the costs of treatment — or even travelling to reach medical facilities — are out of reach for most families.
When Rolland and his children arrived at the patient village, they were surprised to see so many other families in the same position. After a thorough medical evaluation by medical volunteers, Lanto was found to be fit enough for surgery, and later got the new smile her parents had dreamed of for her. But, for younger brother Rindra, the journey to a new smile would take a little longer.
Operation Smile has provided hundreds of thousands of safe surgeries for children with cleft lip conditions worldwide. For more information about our work or to find out how you can help, visit www.operationsmile.org.
1. What do most people think of cleft lip in Madagascar?A.It is incurable. | B.It is normal. | C.It is unavoidable. | D.It is unlucky. |
A.Their relative’s experience. | B.Their children’s smile. |
C.Their love for their children. | D.The advertisement they saw. |
A.Paying for the surgery. | B.Staying in hospital. |
C.Having a health check. | D.Seeking for a doctor. |
A.For donations. | B.For copyright. | C.For commitment. | D.For clarification. |
6 . Recently, I took him for a classic English afternoon tea at The Ritz Hotel. The thought of showing him a piece of authentic British life excited me for weeks, so when we finally sat down in the Ritz’s elegant tearoom, with the sound of a pianist in the background, I was thrilled.
I looked at the polished silver tea stand topped with finely cut sandwiches, freshly baked scones (烤饼), and mouthwatering pastries and teacakes. I was ready to dig in. Then I looked at Dad and a trace of nervousness flashed across his face. He carefully copied what I ate and how to use the knife and fork, and from time to time anxiously looked up at the waiter in his bow tie who was serving our table.
When we got to the scones, Dad took a big bite and remarked how delicious it was. He asked me to explain how the British eat scones, so I supplied him with details about the custom of breaking scones into small pieces, spreading cream and strawberry jam on top, before consuming each piece in one mouthful.
“Oh, why did you not tell me earlier?” Dad’s face turned red in embarrassment, suddenly realizing his mistake. For the rest of the scones session, he busied himself with neatly spreading the cream and jam like an obedient (听话的) child.
Suddenly, I felt a complex mixture of happiness, sadness and loneliness. Growing up, Dad was my hero, my mountain. I still remember flying into his arms after school at the kindergarten gate. Through the sound of his voice, I learned to feel and understand the world.
After moving to London alone, I have learned to achieve academic grades, found a job, and started a new life all by myself. But I did not fully realize how much I had grown up, until I saw how dependent Dad was on me in London. Although he is still a mountain in my heart, I realized I have in the meantime built a strong mountain of my own. And by being away from Dad’s protective wings I have come to understand more of myself and to find my own place in the world.
1. Why did the author take her father for a classic English afternoon tea?A.The food in the restaurant was delicious. |
B.She wanted her father to experience real British life. |
C.Her father was deeply attracted by the elegant tearoom. |
D.She intended to introduce an excellent restaurant to her father. |
A.Disappointed and painful. | B.Embarrassed and desperate. |
C.Nervous and cautious. | D.Sorrowful and helpless. |
A.She had a happy childhood. | B.She had achieved a lot in academic area. |
C.Her father was not her mountain any more. | D.She should be the person for her father to rely on. |
A.An eating experience changed a father. | B.Eating with Dad strengthened our relationship. |
C.Dining environment was vital for a restaurant. | D.Living alone enhanced a person’s independence. |
Most people think that procrastination (拖延症) is a negative habit. But people like me who routinely put off doing assignments, are likely to defend our “slower” approach to getting tasks done.
I'm the only procrastination in my family. My parents and sister were all born with the “do it right now” gift. They are always in a rush, as if closely rushed by an invisible deadline. Personally, I prefer a more relaxed pace. When my parents voiced their concern about my tendencies, saying “Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today,” “No way!” I responded, confidently presenting my research as a defense. It said people procrastinated when they need to solve a problem or commit to a topic or project. In these cases, delaying a decision can be beneficial. This was because our minds continue to reflect on problems even when we were not actively thinking about them, which could lead to more creative solutions. My findings filled me with satisfaction and pride. My method of getting things done was just as good as my sister’s…or so I thought.
At school we’d been talking about architecture and design. As part of the final assessment my teacher Mr. Smith announced an exciting project that each student would have a month to complete. We were expected to choose our materials, construct a small building and make use of things we had learned in class. Not only would the winners receive extra credit, but the winning constructions would be proudly displayed in the cafeteria. “I have no clue how I could get it done,” my friend Nate sighed in despair. I didn’t say anything. Not because I shared his anxiety-but because I was not nervous at all. I loved hands-on projects! Picturing my brilliant work exhibited in the cafeteria, I was fully convinced that I would definitely produce something that could impress everyone. So relaxed was I that I didn’t give it a second thought for weeks.
注意:1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Before I knew it, I had only one day left for the project.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That taught me a great lesson.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The 78th United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution (决议) on Friday, officially
The Lunar New Year not only bears the ideas of peace and harmony
The reason why the Lunar New Year can pass national borders and is increasingly welcomed by many countries
Therefore, the official recognition of the Chinese New Year as a UN holiday fully reflects an emphasis on the inheritance and innovation of civilization,
1. What can be known from the speech?
A.Colors can affect people's mood. |
B.Using colors' power is very easy. |
C.Light colors help people make better decisions. |
A.Red. | B.Orange. | C.Blue. |
A.Spring. | B.Summer. | C.Autumn. |
1. Which month is it now probably?
A.April. | B.June. | C.October. |
A.The museum. | B.The aquarium. | C.The park. |
A.He has an exam this weekend. |
B.He will talk to his father tonight. |
C.He went to the aquarium last year. |
A.Jack’s mother. | B.Jack’s sister. | C.Jack’s classmate. |