1 . Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are compounds (化合物) that are set to solve some tough challenges: producing water in the desert, removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.
The desert in Arizona is really dry. Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration (脱水) within three days unless he had one of Omar Yaghi's next-generation water harvesters, who is a chemist at University of California, Berkeley. Although daytime humidity (湿度) is only about 10 percent, this rises to 40 percent at night, which means there's enough water in the atmosphere to support life — if it can be transformed into the liquid form.
That's exactly what Yaghi's invention does. It's about the size of a small microwave oven, designed to suck water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using only the heat of the sun as its power source. What makes it work is a special material called a MOF, which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules (分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes. Warm it up and you can get the water, and each harvester produces one third of a cup of pure drinking water. “A device about the size of a washing machine could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household,” says Yaghi.
These crystalline (结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability, attracting specific molecules to their surfaces. In this way, MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.
MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structures.
In fact, one MOF about the size of a sugar cube has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields. MOFs are also extremely stable, light and have many different uses: Their molecular structures can be varied to attract specific molecules.
Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what it's holding. More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced for various applications.
1. Why is the desert in Arizona mentioned in the second paragraph?| A．To introduce water harvesters. |
| B．To stress the importance of water. |
| C．To show the severity of its condition. |
| D．To express the urgent need for water there. |
| A．Solar energy. | B．Water molecules. |
| C．Metal-organic frameworks. | D．Internal small holes. |
| A．Refer to. | B．Tend to. | C．Hold on to. | D．Turn into. |
| A．The introduction to the MOF technology. |
| B．The future of the MOF technology. |
| C．The improvement to the MOF technology. |
| D．The functions of the MOF technology. |
2 . Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast?
Energy restoration
The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast” — the idea of ending the period in which we didn’t eat during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food reserves to heal our bodies.
Weight management
There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to link a state of obesity with skipping breakfast.
Better brain function
What’s most important is what we eat for breakfast. High-protein breakfasts have been found particularly effective in reducing food cravings and consumption later in the day. However, studies found that there is no agreement on what type of breakfast is healthier.
| A．Breakfast helps us refill the exhausted stores. |
| B．Weight-loss is likely to cause them health problems. |
| C．Breakfast has been found to affect more than just weight. |
| D．Breakfast types don’t matter as much as simply eating something. |
| E．Thus, it is suggested that a healthy breakfast can regulate and lose weight. |
| F．Many people are recommended to manage their weight by skipping meals. |
| G．It seems that this feast, for many of us, is necessary for our day to start well. |
①讲座的时间、地点；
②讲座的主要内容；
③其他注意事项。
注意：①词数80左右；
②可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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4 . The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.
Birds are often considered sentinel（哨兵）species — meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem — so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course.
For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon’s resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.
Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological（形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate（散发）more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size.
1. Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds?| A．They have small body sizes. |
| B．They are sensitive to hot weather. |
| C．They live in an undisturbed rainforest. |
| D．They are ecological balance indicators. |
| A．A third of species have been extinct for a decade. |
| B．36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year. |
| C．Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight. |
| D．About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings. |
| A．A news report | B．An autobiography |
| C．An academic article | D．A nature magazine |
| A．Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool. |
| B．What effects the wing length changes have on birds. |
| C．Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight. |
| D．Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100. |
1. 健康饮食的重要性；
2. 吃健康早餐，远离含脂肪、油、糖多的食物，多吃蔬菜水果；
3. 饮食均衡，有规律。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
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Yours,
Li Hua
1. 介绍演讲比赛的情况；2. 感谢他的指导和帮助。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr Smith,
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Sincerely,
Li Hua
1.写信目的；2.事件经过及你的感受；3.请求帮助。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
3.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
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Yours,
Li Hua
1.掌握急救知识的重要性；
2.动员大家学习急救知识。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear students,
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Students’ union
9 . The literature teacher entered the classroom and, with a smile on his face, said, “Hello, fellows!” Then he placed his notebook and books on his desk before stepping to the blackboard and picking up the chalk. Then he wrote down: “Who do I want to be?”
While reading the question, all of a sudden, I remembered what my grandmother said. Every time she scolded me, she would ask, “When are you going to become a person?” When I told my friend Firoz about these words, he burst into laughter.
Remembering my grandmother’s question and anger, I quickly covered my lips with my hand to hide my smile from the teacher’s eyes. But to be honest, I really had a dream deep in my heart. I wanted to explore outer space.
Our literature teacher had already announced that we would write an essay on an open topic. He wrote the topic on the board and took his place.
Most of my classmates had their heads bent over their blank papers. Some raised their heads and stared at the white ceiling, others scratched at the back of their notebooks. Baba Morad was biting his lips thought fully. Firoz was looking around. Part of my mind was busy searching for an essay topic, while the other was wondering whether dreams and wishes for the future are the same things.
My eyes wandered outside through the large glass window and stared at the sky where a bird was flying. I gathered my thoughts and began to write my essay, filling up the back and front of three white sheets.
Once again, I read my writing from the beginning to the end and was satisfied with the way I created it and the greatness of my desire. I looked around at my classmates, some of whom had finished their work, and some were writing, and then I looked outside.
The teacher, who had a long, dry stick in his hand to beat us sometimes, was walking around in the classroom. At the same time, walking under the watchful eye he would collect the essays of those who had finished writing.
1. 根据语篇内容填写表格（每空不限词数）| Where | In the classroom |
| Who | I, the literature teacher, other students |
| What | 1. The literature teacher asked students to 2. I remembered what my grandmother said. Every time she scolded me, she would ask 3. The dream deep in my heart is to 4. I began to write my essay, 5. At the same time, the teacher would |
按情节推进，用完整句子回答问题。
2. What did the teacher do after he collected students’ essays?
3. How did the classmates react to the author’s dream? Give your reasons?
4. How did the teacher judge the author’s dream and how did the author feel?
1.自我介绍；2.个人优势；3.希望当选。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：友好使者 Friendly Ambassador for Cultural Exchange
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