3 . 说到是什么吸引她来这所乡村学校做志愿者，她热衷于教育，相信教育能保证孩子们过上安全健康的日子。（appeal v.）（汉译英）
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4 . Is Light Dairy Better?

There are always two choices on the shelf when we reach for the milk, cheese or yoghurt: normal or light. Less fat is better, right? But what about the goodness that can be found in dairy — Is it all there in the reduced-fat version? Five experts from various fields were asked if light dairy products were better for our health. Here are their detailed responses.

Caryl Nowson, Nutritionist

Switching from full-fat dairy products to low-fat reduces energy intake, thereby preventing weight gain as well as reducing saturated fat (饱和脂肪) intake. Consumption of saturated fat raises cholesterol (胆固醇) levels in the blood, which increases the risk of heart disease. So reducing saturated fat intake can assist in reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Malcolm Riley, Epidemiologist

Light dairy products are great for people who want to lower their fat intake. They contain most of the nutritional benefits that can be found in full-fat dairy foods, despite containing 25 percent to 100 percent less fat than their regular dairy food equivalents. However, it is important to note that light dairy foods may be higher in some other nutrients, such as sugar. It always pays to read the nutrition tag and the ingredients list carefully.

Nicholas Fuller, Obesity Researcher

Both full-fat and low-fat dairy foods have the same benefits for our heart health. The most important thing is that a person includes dairy products in their diet, or suitable dairy-free alternatives that are calcium-enriched (富含钙质的), such as soy. Until we know for sure the effect of full-fat versus low-fat dairy on our weight and waistlines, people should stick with low-fat products as part of their daily eating plan.

Evangeline Mantzioris, Food Scientist

A recent study which followed people for 22 years found no negative link between heart health and dairy consumption — whether it is full-fat or low-fat dairy. So currently the evidence suggests that light dairy makes no difference in terms of our risk of heart disease and early death. For those who seek to manage their weight, the difference in energy intake may have a significant impact on their success.

Robyn Delbridge, Dietitian

Light dairy foods are not necessarily better than full-fat dairy foods. Overall, evidence supports the conclusion that dairy foods, regardless of fat content, involve a low risk of the potential harmful effects of high blood pressure. Fermented(发酵的)dairy such as yoghurt and cheese may be beneficial for heart health. The choice of full-fat versus that of low-fat foods should be made based on your whole diet pattern.

1. According to the article, ________ out of the five experts believed that light dairy products were better for our health.

A．one

B．two

C．three

D．four

2. According to the article, ________ and ________ hold contrary opinions about the relationship between dairy products and heart health.

A．Caryl Nowson ... Nicholas Fuller

B．Nicholas Fuller ... Robyn Delbridge

C．Caryl Nowson ... Evangeline Mantzioris

D．Malcolm Riley ... Evangeline Mantzioris

3. What can we infer from the article?

A．Nicholas Fuller recommended that we eat more soy than dairy.

B．Evangeline Mantzioris suggested that dieters stay away from full-fat foods.

C．Robyn Delbridge believed that people cannot benefit from full-fat products.

D．Malcolm Riley believed that all kinds of low-fat dairy products could help people stay fit.

5 . A Pilgrimage to Mont Blanc

It was on a grey winter’s day in my parents’ house outside Glasgow that I first suggested Mont Blanc in summer. I knew I should make more effort to spend time with my 74-year-old dad, but what I was proposing at his age was a risk. A ten-day hike around one of Europe’s highest mountains seemed a little extreme.

“Old age doesn’t come alone,” he replied, implying the memory loss from a recent life-threatening stroke. Yet, to stir memory in long-forgotten footprints seemed like the right thing to do. We booked a flight, and four months later, arrived in the shadow of Mont Blanc in Chamonix, France.

That first sunlit afternoon, it was instantly obvious that we had made the right decision. The pathway ahead was quiet. Quick-footed hikers walked past us, eyes focused on a ridge (山脊) that marched south to the Italian border. But there was no sign of worry on my hiking partner’s brow. Only determination.

My dad’s accounts of his time in the mountains remain among the defining stories of my childhood. The first time it left its mark on me was when I uncovered a junk box full of projector slides taken in the summer of 1970, when he and two of his friends completed a previously untried route up the overwhelmingly dangerous North Face of the Eiger in Switzerland.

That was now more than half his lifetime ago. And, yet, here we were, marching side by side around the Mont Blanc, tracing an invisible route with our fingers over the same harsh summits he had conquered long ago. What I had always seen as an obsession with the mountains revealed itself to be a bond that I never knew we had.

By the end of the week, I sensed we may have achieved what we both had thought impossible. We made our final push towards the Col du Brévent above the Chamonix valley. We climbed up into a narrow world of stone, meeting Mont Blanc face on.

To capture the moment, I took a photo, but only then did it dawn on me that it was nearly the same composition as on a slide I had first seen in one of those junk boxes. There was that smile, those eyes fixed on the horizon, the beautiful Alpine ridges of Mont Blanc crowding out the background. For a split second, it looked as if nothing had changed.

1. According to the article, what mainly motivated the author to take his father on a hike around Mont Blanc?

A．His father’s old age and poor health.

B．His father’s memory loss from a stroke.

C．His dream of traveling with his father again.

D．His wish to visit one of Europe’s highest mountains.

2. What can we learn about the hike around Mont Blanc from the article?

A．They passed through three countries in ten days.

B．The author’s father was initially confident of doing it.

C．It changed the author’s attitude towards his father’s hobby.

D．It brought back the pleasant memories of the author’s father.

3. According to the article, which of the following best describes the author’s father?

A．A hopeless patient.	B．An adventurous climber.
C．A responsible father.	D．An appreciative photographer.

4. What did the author realize after taking the family picture?

A．It was never too late to accompany his father.

B．He and his father changed with time passing by.

C．Everything changes with time except the mountains.

D．The father’s passion for the mountains didn’t fade with age.

6 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there are three words more than you need.

A. aimed   B. characterized   C. connection   D. decline   E. emerging   F. objective   G. previously   H. randomly   I. revealed   J. promising   K. shallow

We are increasingly learning that our guts (肠胃) and our brains are intimately linked. But while there has been extensive research into how our diets can accelerate brain aging, less is known about the foods that can prevent cognitive     1    .

“The     2     field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience uncovers specific foods and nutrients that promote brain health across the lifespan,” Aron Barbey, director of the Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, told Newsweek. “Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be used in nutritional interventions     3     at enhancing brain health.”

In a new study, published in the journal Nature Aging, Barbey, Jisheng Wu, and Christopher Zwilling used state-of-the-art technology to establish a set of specific nutrient profiles associated with better cognitive performance in adults over the age of 65, offering a     4     path towards designing nutritional interventions to promote healthy brain aging.

The study involved 100 cognitively healthy participants aged 65 to 75. The analysis     5     two types of brain aging among the participants: accelerated and slower than expected. And those with slower brain aging had a distinct nutritional profile. The researchers said that this nutritional profile is closely linked with nutrients found in the Mediterranean diet, which has     6     been associated with healthy brain aging.

The Mediterranean diet is     7     by a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and olive oil, with a moderate intake of cheese and fish and a limited intake of red and processed meat. This study provides a more     8     analysis of these associations.

“First, it’s one of the largest and most comprehensive studies to use blood-based biomarkers to investigate the     9     between diet and brain health,” he said. “Second, it goes beyond traditional cognitive tests by employing multimodal neuroimaging measures, and provides a more complete picture of brain health.”

However, Barbey noted that further research was needed to confirm these results. Observational studies like this one need to be followed by controlled trials conducted     10     to confirm the effectiveness of the identified nutrient profile in promoting brain health.

7 . The field of robotics ________ far less keen to investigate plants due to a misconception ________ plants are capable of neither motion nor perception.

A．has proved…that	B．has been proved…which
C．has been proved…that	D．has proved…which

8 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．He was an anti-racist activist.

B．He had been in prison for many years.

C．He was the leader of the African National Congress.

D．He won presidency in a fully representative democratic election.

2.

A．The winning of the Nobel Peace Prize.

B．The transition to multi-racial democracy in South Africa.

C．The competition for the honorary title of Madiba.

D．The negotiation between the African countries.

3.

A．To be in memory of the death of Mandela.

B．To celebrate Mandela’s being elected as President.

C．To mark Mandela’s contribution to world freedom.

D．To honor the multi-racial democracy in South Africa.

9 . To our surprise, the festival this year draws three times __________.

A．a larger audience as last year’s did

B．as large an audience as did last year’s

C．larger as an audience as last year’s did

D．an audience large as did last year’s