1 . Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
1. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?| A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist | B．Translation makes people knowledgeable. |
| C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. | D．Moderate effort produces the best result. |
| A．is good at handling pressure | B．works hard to become successful |
| C．a has a natural talent for his job. | D．gets on well with his co-workers |
| A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people. |
| B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless. |
| C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. |
| D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity. |
| A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. | B．Balance between work and family. |
| C．Long-standing cultural traditions. | D．Harmony in the work environment. |
2 . You might text your friend a white lie to get out of going to dinner, exaggerate your height on a CV online to appear more attractive or invent an excuse for your boss over email to save face.
Social psychologists have long wondered where people tend to lie the most — that is, in person or through some other communication medium. A 2004 study was among the first to investigate the connection between deception (欺骗) rates and technology. Jeff Hancock’s team had 28 students report the number of social interactions they had through face-to-face communication, the phone, instant messaging and email over seven days. Students also reported the number of times they lied in each social interaction.
The results suggested people told the most lies on the phone and the fewest through email, which is broadly in line with a “feature-based model”. According to the model, specific aspects of a technology — whether people can communicate back and forth smoothly, whether the messages are fleeting and whether communicators are distant — predict where people tend to lie the most.
When Hancock conducted his study, few students had a Facebook account. The iPhone was in its early stage. What would his results look like nearly 20 years later?
In a new study, I recruited (招募) 250 people and studied interactions from more forms of technology. The participants recorded their social interactions and number of interactions with a lie over seven days, across face-to-face communication, social media, the phone, texting, video chat and email. The results show people seem to lie according to the “feature-based model”.
There are several possible explanations for these results. Phone and video chat, for example, might make deception less costly to a social relationship if caught. Deception rates might also differ across technology because people use some forms of technology for certain social relationships. For example, people might only email their colleagues (同事), while video chat might be a better fit for more personal relationships.
People often believe just because we use technology to interact, honesty is harder to come by. Not only is this perception (看法) misguided, but it is also unsupported by enough evidence. The belief that lying is common in the digital age just doesn’t match the data.
1. What does the author intend to do in the first paragraph?| A．Reveal the tendency of people to tell lies on social media. |
| B．Introduce the topic of technology’s role in people’s telling lies. |
| C．Demonstrate the increasing popularity of social media. |
| D．Illustrate people’s ways of social interactions. |
| A．Their participants were all students. |
| B．They both aimed to reduce deception rates. |
| C．Their results were both consistent with a certain model. |
| D．They analyzed the same kind of social relationships. |
| A．Social media users tend to lie more. |
| B．Close people are more likely to lie to each other. |
| C．Lying can greatly influence friendships. |
| D．Deception rates can be reduced by using technology. |
| A．It is unacceptable among friends. |
| B．It worsens interpersonal relationships. |
| C．It doesn’t happen as frequently as expected. |
| D．It is in line with advances in technology |
One day a few years ago, Mom was doing some chores (家务) while my brother Hamza and I were watching TV. Everything was nice and peaceful until Mom's phone rang. I was running so fast to pick it up for her, but she had already grabbed it from the table. Without any concern of who it was, she accepted the call and put it on speaker.
Hamza and I were trying to listen, but we couldn't hear anything as the phone's volume was too low. I drew near to Mom, sat down and listened. It was my grandma's voice.
I was so excited when I heard my grandma's voice after such a long time. All I wanted to do was just grab the phone out of my mom's hands, but I wasn't sure if it was the right moment. I looked at Mom, and I saw something on her face-worry. It made me feel anxious, so I kept listening to see what was going on.
“I am in very critical (危急的) condition. The doctors have tried so many medicines and treatments, but they just didn't work. All I need right now is to see my children. Please come and visit me! I really need you.” Grandma said.
The call ended and Mom began wiping her tears. I felt very sorry for the pain Mom was going through. Her mother was so ill and she couldn't even be with her.
Eventually, Mom retold us the whole story, as she knew that we might haven't understood the situation, but we knew what was going on. She said, “Grandma's condition is not so good. I have to go to Pakistan.”
At first I was worried that she might not take us with her and my body was shaking. I asked her if we were going. Mom said, “Of course you're going with me.”
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
After packing up, it was time to go.
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After chatting for a while, my uncle drove us to my grandma's home.
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| 姓名 | 屠呦呦 |
| 国籍 | 中国 |
| 职业 | 药学家，医学专家，科学家 |
| 兴趣爱好 | 自幼热衷于传统中药 |
| 主要经历 | 1.1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波； 2.1951年考人北京大学，主修制药专业； 3.毕业后一直在专心于中医的研究； |
| 4.1972年成功发现并制成了能治疗拒疾的青蒿素(artemisinin)； 5.2015年10月5日，她被授予诺贝尔医学奖，成为中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。 |
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5 . During an exhibition show the skills of disabled people, an armless man used his mouth and feet to repair a watch. He completed the task in just a few minutes at the show, which was held in Beijing last Saturday. Just imagine the tiny parts that make up a watch.You have to wonder how the disabled man developed such a skill.
It was reported that 28-year-old Wang Jianghai lost his arms in an accident when he was five and began learning to repair watches at the age of 17. He has repaired more than 10,000 watches in the past 11years.
What strong self-confidence he must have to overcome the difficulties in getting this skill! What optimism he must have to face the unfairness of his hard life! And what strong determination he must have to go through the hardship in his struggle for a normal life! Such confidence, optimism and willpower are exactly the qualities many physically healthy people lack nowadays. Wang has set a good example for young people.
But today's youth seem to be more interested with their TV stars and pop singers but less interested in learning from the examples of working and studying hard to achieve higher goals. That is undoubtedly the result of the influence of a changing social atmosphere. One must admit that there is a trend towards hedonism in our society. People are increasingly more concerned about material gains than about spiritual pursuits. While adults know they must work hard whatever way they choose to materialize the gains, the younger generation are more likely to seek ease and comforts of their senses.
This pleasure-seeking trend provides a huge market for the entertainment industry and the mass media. The media devote too much coverage to anecdotes of pop and TV stars, which in turn fans wider and stronger enthusiasm for entertainment among the public, especially young people.
Ours is a developing country. Global competition in the growth of national strength presents a demand for China to be quicker in its development. We cannot afford to lose time. We need to make our economy more powerful. To meet this need, all of us should keep our tradition of working hard and overcoming difficulties.
1. Wang Jianghai’s story in the first two paragraphs ________.| A．serves as a description of the trend today |
| B．serves as an introduction to the discussion |
| C．shows a disagreement of views |
| D．show the popularity of the TV stars and pop singers |
| A．Young people are taught by adults to seek pleasure of senses. |
| B．Young people have given up our traditional value of hard working completely |
| C．Young people are not interested in learning from the examples of hard working at all. |
| D．Young people are far too much influenced by too much entertainment news in media. |
| A．a material | B．spiritual gains |
| C．thinking pleasure is the most important | D．amusement |
6 . What is the longest word in the English language? It would be truly shocking if you were trying to type the longest word, as it isn’t really a word anyone uses at all. The word is: pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. According to Merriam-Webster, the 45-letter word is created to mean a disease occurring especially in miners.
But here’s the thing: That is not a term anyone—even doctors—use to describe an actual condition. The word was likely made up by Everett K. Smith in the 1930s, when he was president of the National Puzzler’s League, a group that loved crosswords and, by extension, words themselves. Smith intended to create the longest word by mimicking (模仿) medical terms，even if there wasn’t actually a disease to attach the word to. He just kind of made up the entire thing for fun.
Here are some other examples. Some record-setting English words are the longest in a particular aspect. “Uncopyrightable,” which refers to any work that cannot be copyrighted, is the longest word in English without any repeating letters. Words like this are called “isograms.” Then there’s the longest word made of only vowels (元音) “euouae”，a term that comes from music of the Middle Ages. On the other hand，you have the longest word without any vowels, “tsktsk”. It’s an onomatopoeia (拟声) for the sound you make when someone disappoints you.
Finally, you know there’s got to be a word to describe someone who makes a habit of using long words. Surprisingly, it’s only kind of long itself: “sesquipedalian”.
1. What do we know about the longest English word according to paragraph 1?| A．It is popular in English. | B．It is used only by miners. |
| C．It is convenient to type. | D．It is taken in by a dictionary. |
| A．The meaning of the longest word. | B．The person of making up the word. |
| C．The creation of the longest word. | D．The disease concerning the word. |
| A．They use the maximum vowels. | B．They convey particular emotions. |
| C．They are coined by tradition. | D．They are created for pleasure. |
| A．A magazine. | B．A guidebook. | C．A travel brochure. | D．A news report. |
