1 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．He is the journalist of a local newspaper.

B．He is a huge fan of international stories.

C．He is an experienced editor of a TV program.

D．He is an advocate for environmental protection.

2.

A．Current trends in economic development.

B．Domestic issues of general social concern.

C．International relations and foreign policies.

D．Conflicts among different political parties.

3.

A．Based on what the public wants to know.

B．By interviewing people who have stories.

C．By analyzing the current social problems.

D．Based on public expectations and editors’ judgment.

4.

A．First-hand stories.	B．Practical experience.
C．Audience’s feedback.	D．Educational background.

2 . Journal editors decide what gets published and what doesn’t, affecting the careers of other academics and influencing the direction that a field takes. You’d hope, then, that journals would do everything they can to establish a diverse editorial board, reflecting a variety of voices, experiences, and identities.

Unfortunately a new study in Nature Neuroscience makes for disheartening reading. The team finds that the majority of editors in top psychology and neuroscience journals are male and based in the United States: a situation that may be amplifying existing gender inequalities in the field and influencing the kind of research that gets published.

Men were found to account for 60% of the editors of psychology journals. There were significantly more male than female editors at each level of seniority, and men made up the majority of editors in over three quarters of the journals. Crucially, the proportion of female editors was significantly lower than the overall proportion of women psychology researchers.

The differences were even starker in the neuroscience journals: 70% of editors were male, and men held the majority of editorial positions in 88% of journals. In this case, the proportion of female editors was not significantly lower than the proportion of female researchers working in neuroscience—a finding that reveals enduring gender disparities in the field more broadly.

Based on their results, the team concludes that “the ideas, values and decision-making biases of men are overrepresented in the editorial positions of the most recognized academic journals in psychology and neuroscience.”

Gender inequality in science is often attributed to the fact that senior academics are more likely to be male, because historically science was male-dominated: it’s argued that as time goes on and more women rise to senior roles, the field will become more equal. Yet this study showed that even the junior roles in psychology journals tended to be held disproportionately by men, despite the fact that there are actually more female than male junior psychology faculty.

This implies that a lack of female academics is not the problem. Instead, there are structural reasons that women are disadvantaged in science. Women receive lower salaries and face greater childcare demands, for instance, which can result in fewer publications and grants—the kinds of things that journals look for when deciding who to appoint. Rather than simply blaming the inequality of editorial boards on tradition, we should be actively breaking down these existing barriers.

A lack of diversity among journal editors also likely contributes to psychology’s WEIRD problem. If journal editors are largely men from the United States, then they will probably place higher value on papers that are relevant to Western, male populations, whether consciously or not.

1. What would we expect an editorial board of an academic journal to exhibit in view of its important responsibilities?

A．Insight	B．Diversity
C．Expertise	D．Integrity

2. What do we learn from the findings of a new study in Nature Neuroscience?

A．The majority of top psychology and neuroscience journals reflect a variety of voices, experiences and identities.

B．The editorial boards of most psychology and neuroscience journals do influence the direction their field takes.

C．The majority of editors in top psychology and neuroscience journals have relevant backgrounds.

D．The editorial boards of the most important journals in psychology and neuroscience are male-dominated.

3. What can we infer from the conclusion drawn by the team of the new study on the basis of their findings?

A．Male researchers have enough representation in the editorial boards to ensure their publications.

B．Male editors of top psychology and neuroscience journals tend to be biased against their female colleagues.

C．Women’s views are underrepresented in the editorial boards of top psychology and neuroscience journals.

D．Female editors have to struggle to get women’s research articles published in academic journals.

4. What does the author suggest we do instead of simply blaming the inequality of editorial boards on tradition?

A．Strike a balance between male and female editors	B．Implement overall structural reforms
C．Increase women’s employment in senior positions	D．Enlarge the body of female academics

3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．To make people remember him.

B．To show his excellent talent.

C．To remember the moments in university.

D．To recall his childhood.

2.

A．It used some advanced narrative skills.

B．It is easy to understand the deep meaning.

C．It has a kind of bell ringing quality.

D．It is suitable to recite aloud with expression.

3.

A．He likes to compose poems at quiet corners.

B．He graduated from Harvard University in 1995.

C．He wrote only two poems in his life.

D．He had a good time at Harvard.

4 . Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits.

Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools.

DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA.” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA.

I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences.

Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people — tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense.

We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough.

Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means.

1. The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________.

A．highlight the problems facing genetic testing

B．illustrate the commercial applications of DNA

C．compare what progress the companies have made

D．reveal the link between DNA and a person's character

2. We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________.

A．is challenging the available treatment for skin disease

B．has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business

C．hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules

D．believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing

3. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about?

A．The disadvantages of genetic testing.	B．The scientific value of genetic testing.
C．The legal system genetic testing needs.	D．The essentials for proper genetic testing.

4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A．DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool	B．Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal
C．Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing	D．DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry

5 . AI, or deep learning, takes in massive amounts of data from a single domain and automatically learns from the data to make specific decisions within that domain. It can automatically optimize (优化) human-given goals with _________ memory and superhuman accuracy.

The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting, but the rise of AI also brings many _________. It’s worth taking time to sort between the genuine risks of this coming technological revolution and the _________ that sometimes surround the topic.

First, let’s talk about job displacement. Because AI can   _________ humans at routine tasks, it is technically capable of displacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.

But not every job will be replaced by AI. _________, four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a _________ to optimize. It cannot _________ as scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs go well beyond the AI _________ of single domain and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI. Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much _________ : empathetic and compassionate jobs, such as teachers, nannies and doctors, which AI is not capable of. So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.

As well as job displacement. AI has the potential to _________ inequality - both between the super wealthy and the displaced workers and also among countries. Poorer and smaller countries will be unable to reap the economic rewards that will come with AI and less well placed to _________ job displacement.

The technology also poses serious challenges in terms of _________. The consequences of hacking into AI - controlled systems could be severe.

Finally, there are the issues of privacy, worsened prejudices and manipulation (操纵). Sadly we’ve already seen _________ on this front. Facebook couldn’t resist the temptation to use AI technology to optimize usage and profit, at the expense of user privacy and increasing prejudices and division.

All of these risks require governments, businesses and technologists to _________ develop a new rule book for AI applications. And rather than compare against one another countries must share best practices and work together to ensure this technology is used for the _________ of all.

1.

A．deep

B．specific

C．unlimited

D．accurate

2.

A．doubts

B．possibilities

C．decisions

D．challenges

3.

A．misunderstanding

B．underestimates

C．controversies

D．arguments

4.

A．dismiss

B．outperform

C．reject

D．enroll

5.

A．In fact

B．By comparison

C．In addition

D．As a result

6.

A．job

B．goal

C．risk

D．topic

7.

A．research

B．learn

C．serve

D．invent

8.

A．automation

B．displacement

C．limitation

D．complication

9.

A．easier

B．larger

C．smarter

D．quicker

10.

A．maintain

B．remove

C．multiply

D．conceal

11.

A．destabilize

B．enhance

C．relieve

D．preserve

12.

A．security

B．control

C．severity

D．advancement

13.

A．prejudices

B．issues

C．temptations

D．failures

14.

A．hold on

B．work together

C．take off

D．back up

15.

A．competition

B．application

C．rules

D．good

6 . There was a time not long ago when new science Ph.D.s in the United States were expected to pursue a career path in academia (学术界). But today, most graduates end up working outside academia, not only in industry but also in careers such as science policy, communications, and patent law. Partly this is a result of how bleak the academic job market is, but there’s also a rising awareness of career options that Ph.D. scientists haven’t trained for directly—but for which they have useful knowledge, skills, and experience. Still, there’s a huge disconnect between the way we currently train scientists and the actual employment opportunities available for them, and an urgent need for dramatic improvements in training programs to help close the gap. One critical step that could help to drive change would be to require Ph.D. students and postdoctoral scientists to follow an individual development plan (IDP).

In 2002, the U.S. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology recommended that every postdoctoral researcher put together an IDP in consultation with an adviser. Since then, several academic institutions have begun to require IDPs for postdocs. And in June, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Biomedical Research Workforce Working Group recommended that the NIH require IDPs for the approximately 32,000 postdoctoral researchers they support. Other funding agencies, public and private, are moving in a similar direction.

IDPs have long been used by government agencies and the private sector to achieve specific goals for the employee and the organization. The aim is to ensure that employees have an explicit tool to help them understand their own abilities and aspirations, determine career possibilities, and set (usually short-term) goals. In science, graduate students and new Ph.D. scientists can use an IDP to identify and navigate an effective career path.

A free Web application for this purpose, called myIDP, has become available this week. It’s designed to guide early-career scientists through a confidential, rigorous process of introspection（内省）to create a customized career plan. Guided by expert knowledge from a panel of science-focused career advisers, each trainee’s self-assessment is used to rank a set of career trajectories（轨迹）. After the user has identified a long-term career goal, myIDP walks her or him through the process of setting short-term goals directed toward accumulating new skills and experiences important for that career choice.

Although surveys reveal the IDP process to be useful, trainees report a need for additional resources to help them identify a long-term career path and complete an IDP. Thus, myIDP will be most effective when it’s embedded in larger career-development efforts. For example, universities could incorporate IDPs into their graduate curricula to help students discuss, plan, prepare for, and achieve their long-term career goals.

1. What do we learn about new science in the United States Ph.D.s today?

A．They lack the skills and expertise needed for their jobs.

B．They can choose from a wider range of well-paying jobs.

C．They often have to seek jobs outside the academic circle.

D．They are regarded as the nation’s driving force of change.

2. What does the author say about America’s Ph.D. training?

A．It includes a great variety of practical courses.

B．It is closely linked to future career requirements.

C．It should be re-oriented to careers outside academia.

D．It should be improved to better suit the job market.

3. Government agencies and the private sector often use IDPs to        .

A．bring into full play the expertise of their postdoctoral researchers

B．help employees capitalize on their abilities to achieve career goals

C．place employees in the most appropriate positions

D．recruit the most suitable candidates to work for them

4. What do me know about myIDP?

A．It is an effective tool for self-assessment for better career plans.

B．It enables people to look into various possibilities.

C．It is an integral part of the graduate curricula.

D．It can promise a long-term career path.

7 . 荷花（lotus flower）迎骄阳而不惧，出污泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅。（characterize）

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. referring             B. refresh             C. pin                    D. occurred             E. acknowledging F. identify             G. drain                    H. discouraged       I. specific             J. negative K. specifically

Make a Wish List

Most of us know of New Year’s Resolutions, where one sets intentions for the year ahead. But too often, people make their resolutions     1     — “I will no longer eat biscuits left at my desk”— and then feel unhappy. In the cold month of January, the last thing you need is to     2     your energy further by setting up a series of battles with yourself. And if you break a resolution, you feel     3    , which is a rubbish way to start the year. What you need instead are things to look forward to.

So instead, try a wish list. This involves writing down 100 things you would like to do in the year ahead. The items can be enormous or tiny, ranging from “Climb Everest” to “buy a new pencil sharper”. The main thing is that at some point it has     4     to you as something that you would like to do.

The key here is — write it down.

Do you feel any resistance to the ideas? If so, ask yourself why. What is wrong with     5     what you would like to do? Try not to say to yourself: “I can’t I don’t have the money/time/energy/skills.” Just write it down.

It helps to be     6    , so rather than “Get outdoors”,     7     a place you would like to visit. And take your time when creating it — a wish list is not built in a day. Think about it, polish it and     8     it.

Finally, you have your list. And what a work of beauty it is. Here are all the things that you would like to do. Remember to     9     them up where you can see them; let yourself consider how they can be accomplished. You’ll be amazed that so many of your dreams can be realized though the simple trick of writing them down and     10     to them.

9 . A study has shown that the current version of ChatGPT is comparable, or even superior, to students in nearly 30 percent of courses. The findings are far from the first to suggest that generative AI models can excel at assessments that are typically ______ for humans.

A．resolved

B．reserved

C．preserved

D．conserved

10 . College rankings are misleading. So why do we still use them?

Many high school seniors have been opening emails over the past weeks that tell them whether they got into the colleges of their choice.     1    

A math professor at Columbia University is challenging the data that the Ivy League school reported to U. S. News & World Report , which earned it the No. 2 ranking this year. A couple of weeks ago, in what must be the granddaddy of fake-data scandals, the fired dean of Temple University’s business school received a 14-month sentence after he was convicted in federal court of sending fake information to U. S. News & World Report to boost the school’s prestige. Claremont McKenna College, The George Washington University and many other schools have also tweaked data to boost rankings.

    2     The problem is the rankings themselves. They can be a counterproductive way for families to pick schools. Probably few college applicants are aware that the single biggest factor U. S. News uses to rank schools is their reputation among officials at other colleges, who might or might not have deep knowledge of the schools. That accounts for 20% of the score.

The second biggest factor is six-year graduation rates. But since low-income students are far less likely to graduate within that time period - or ever - than middle-class students, this is more an indication of student affluence than academic excellence.     3    

U. S. News had made some positive changes in recent years. It dropped student acceptance rate as one of the criteria, which had led colleges to heavily market to students even if they had almost no chance of acceptance.     4     The rankings use alumni donations as a proxy (指标) for students’ happiness with their school. That’s a pretty meager way to measure satisfaction.

What most high school students and parents really need to know is whether a college offers a rich choice of courses with good instructors; whether graduates will leave with a load of debt; whether students will feel comfortable and engaged on campus; and whether they’ll be prepared for a fulfilling career.

A．But the ultimate issue with the rankings doesn’t lie with the cheaters.

B．In fact, it can have the unacceptable effect of discouraging college from accepting more low-income students, lest it worsen their graduation rates.

C．For example, a much less expensive school might offer an equal or better education than a more highly ranked but costlier one.

D．But many other factors used in ranking the schools still have little meaning to a student’s experience.

E．The most selective schools - Princeton, MIT and so forth - don’t need rankings to boost their reputation or applicant pool.

F．Even as they do so, the criticisms of published college rankings that may have guided their preferences are increasing.