1 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。1.

A．A record of the school year.	B．A book that is just for seniors.
C．A book designed specially to print students’ titles.	D．A record of students’ development.

2.

A．Students’ photos.	B．Teachers’ photos.
C．Descriptions of students’ academic results.	D．Descriptions of after-school activities.

3.

A．All the students and teachers vote.	B．Students sign each other’s yearbooks.
C．Students in a yearbook club choose.	D．Students who are soon graduating vote.

2 . 青花瓷，或称“青花”，是使用最广泛、最著名的中国瓷器。中国青花瓷起源于唐宋时期（公元618年－公元1279年），但其工艺直到元朝（公元1271年－公元1368年）才成熟。（汉译英）
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3 . 今天，在城市和农村地区，你可以看到人们用灯笼装饰着路灯、公共建筑和商店等。许多家庭也会在窗户上挂一些灯笼，尤其是在节日期间。（汉译英）
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4 . 中国书法最伟大的倡导者是公元4世纪的王義之和他的儿子王献之。他们的原作保存下来的很少，但他们的许多书法作品被刻在石碑上或制成木刻印版，并拓印成拓本。(汉译英)
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5 . Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, wherein ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance.

The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels; from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives.

Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation.

Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc., which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous innovation, improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation; this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services.

Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that idea considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation.

1. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean?

A．Persuasibility.

B．Scarcity.

C．Generality.

D．Practicability.

2. What is the purpose of business innovation?

A．Create value benefits for the enterprise.

B．Reform the management structure of enterprises.

C．Encourage staff to make more inventions.

D．Upgrade the product performance.

3. Which of the following is true about innovation and invention?

A．They are essentially the same concept.

B．They can replace each other in the context.

C．They can bring huge commercial benefits.

D．They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes.

4. What is the main content of this passage?

A．The precautions for brainstorming meetings.

B．The considerations for business innovation.

C．The difference between innovation and invention.

D．The revolutionary change in business innovation.

6 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.

Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries?

When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes.     1     Is this fair?

This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52.

The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work.

E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes.     2     But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles, if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration.

    3    Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet.

One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2.11 and publishers receive $0.52 for each book in public library collections.

At present, in the case of e-books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.     4    

While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.

A．However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books.

B．This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing.

C．Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more.

D．Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.

E．Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books.

F．For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.

7 . Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.   Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. digesting       B. distinction        C. examine       D. identical        E. intervening F. live             G. mixture            H. perspective     I. shock            J. space       K. texting

Communication — a thing of the past?

We all think we communicate all the time, and that’s true. There’s also non-verbal communication you could add into the mix — everything we’re saying when we’re not saying anything. But there’s a(n)     1     between saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I’m quite well connected — there’s Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything, but sometimes communication starts to feel like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared,     2     back to someone else, and answer their questions… Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and I’m always mixing people up — asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how the job search is going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can’t find a job.

So it was quite a(n)     3     to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal, no internet and no ‘communication’ at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower, more inverted and far more interesting. We were a group of 12, a(n)     4     of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas,     5     dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even changed their     6     entirely! We shared ideas and theories, plots of books and plays and city trips we’d been on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk and sketch and use words more than ever before, because you couldn’t say, ‘It’s a great film, you should google it later.’ Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short     7     of time, due to the proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I’d met and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life.

I don’t think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of people and having to communicate     8    . The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn’t challenge you to     9     your feelings and motives enough. ‘Liking’ something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of something? It’s a(n)     10     response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique. If we’re not careful, perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper lever.

8 . The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s not particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest _________ to getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars. That’s especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where _________ may face long routes , hills or hot streets with a lack of shade.

“Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they’re also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a recreational athletic opportunity rather than a practical _________ option.

At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the _________ to ease the both problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly _______.About 152,000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans.   

Many of the barriers to e-bike _________in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions,meaning they are _______from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation.

Few places on the continent, _________, are better poised to break through barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to _______ lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths.

Amid these legislative ________, e-bikes have become more accessible to consumer. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as __________ as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithium-ion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still __________, is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike. After years of ____________over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, __________ the state’s new legislation based partly on the __________that e-bikes help out those who“just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”.

1.

A．advantages

B．processes

C．barriers

D．complements

2.

A．riders

B．builders

C．customers

D．volunteers

3.

A．production

B．communication

C．facilities

D．transportation

4.

A．routine

B．potential

C．temporary

D．major

5.

A．make of

B．carry on

C．bring up

D．take off

6.

A．adaptation

B．adoption

C．adjustment

D．justification

7.

A．proved

B．alerted

C．banned

D．authorized

8.

A．however

B．unless

C．meanwhile

D．anyway

9.

A．originate

B．combine

C．separate

D．satisfy

10.

A．factors

B．benefits

C．limits

D．damages

11.

A．proper

B．critical

C．sensational

D．difficult

12.

A．expensive

B．distinctive

C．sensitive

D．intensive

13.

A．trouble

B．concern

C．power

D．scale

14.

A．favored

B．folded

C．referred

D．gifted

15.

A．appeal

B．address

C．amount

D．advocate

9 . xMAP Technology allows users to perform a wide range of protein-and nucleic acid-based multiplex assays, which can simultaneously detect up to 500 targets in a single run.

Key Advantages of xMAP Technology:

Test for more biomarkers.

Develop custom assays.

Use less sample.

Save time and reagents.

Gain a better understanding of complex biological systems.

Order from thousands of redesigned kits from our Partners

xMAP Technology: The Science

What is multiplexing? Multiplexing is a method for high-volume biomarker testing — or testing multiple analytes simultaneously within a single run-using a single sample volume. xMAP Technology is best-suited for testing 3-500 targets.

How does xMAP Technology work? xMAP Technology uses labeled micro-spheres or beads, allowing for the simultaneous capture of multiple analytes from a single reaction.Because of their small size and low density, xMAP micro-sphere-based assays exhibit virtual solution-phase kinetics during the reaction. The beads are individually read using an xMAP instrument.

What does xMAP mean? Multi-Analyte Profiling, where the “x” represents the biomarkers (such as proteins, nucleic acids, or polyacrylamides) that are being tested.

xMAP Beads

xMAP beads come in a variety of formats, including magnetic (MagPlex) and nonmagnetic ( MicroPlex) beads.

xMAp beads puss through a red laser, or LED, which excites the internal dyes to distinguish the microsphere set. Then, a green laser or LED excites the fluorescent reporter dye to determine the result of the assay.

xMApDApplications

xMAP in Action

Explore xMAPW Technology and discover some of the many applications used by multiplexing research experts across the globe:

xMAP Assny Automation: Automation can boost productivity, minimize errors, and save on reagents.

Immunogenicity: By using xMAP Technology, researchers can consolidate multiple essays into one for more efficient immune response studies.

Bend-Based Multiplexing vs Electrochemiluminescence: Bead-based multiplexing offers significantly higher plex capacity, requires less hands-on time, and delivers superior results compared to traditional methods.

Generate more data while saving sample, time , and reagents

xMAp beads come in a variety of formats. The MagPlex Microspheres-6.5 micronsuperparamagnetic beads that are dyed with three red and infrared fluorescent dyes, resulting in 500 distinctly colored bead sets are our most versatile and efficient microspheres for high-plex applications. Approximately 10* surface carboxyl groups (COOH) cover the surface of the bead and serve as covalent attachments for capture ligands. A fluorescent reporter is coupled to a target molecule, which allows its detection after specific capture on the microsphere surface.

1. According to the passage, what is xMAP?

A．A mind map.

B．A lest method.

C．A navigation map.

D．An application.

2. All of the following are advantages of xMAP, except_____________.

A．developing custom analysis	B．forming a network structure
C．generating more data	D．saving samples and reagents

3. Which of the following options is correct?

A．The xMAP beads distinguish groups of microspheres by a blue laser.

B．xMAP allows for the capture of a single analyte from multiple reactions.

C．MAP technology is used more in the experimental phase.

D．The “x” in xMAP represents the biomarkers being tested.

10 . 一个（原因）是所有地方的老板们增加了他们对熟练工人的需求，使得高水平教育成为许多工作的一个必要条件。（汉译英）
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