1 . As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.

Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.

The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”

Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.

Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.

“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.

1. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?

A．Pocket parks are now popular.	B．Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C．Many cities are overpopulated.	D．People enjoy living close to nature.

2. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?

A．To compare different types of park-goers.	B．To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C．To analyze the main features of the park.	D．To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.

3. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?

A．Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.

B．Young people are too busy to interact with nature.

C．The same nature experience takes different forms.

D．The nature language enhances work performance.

4. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?

A．Language study.	B．Environmental conservation.
C．Public education.	D．Intercultural communication.

2 . Why should I stay off Facebook and other social media when I am involved in a lawsuit or personal injury case? Social media has become an important part of our everyday lives. Facebook, Instagram, and other social media have changed the way we communicate with friends, family, and colleagues. Many of us use these platforms to post opinions, show off our achievements or show your opinions on public affairs.

This means that social media is public information and can be used against you. Lawyers can use social media as evidence. They often look for pictures and posts that could potentially disprove your injury claim. Your posts can still be found even if your information is private when the posts potentially are related to your case. The court may determine that your public posts may lead to admissible evidence. They will not make you offer entire information, but only what they think is related. Defense lawyers wish to prove that the injured party, physically, emotionally, or financially, is lying about their injuries.

Even posting about your emotions can discount your claim greatly. Say, you are suing (起诉) someone for your pain and suffering because you are depressed, yet you post pictures of yourself smiling and you have quoted “Life is good” attached to the photo. If and when the defense lawyers get a hold of the posts, your pain and suffering claim may not hold up in court.

Most people only post about the good times on social media, rarely about the hardships and misfortunes. Insurance companies are allowed to follow you and gather information as evidence. Social media makes it easier. Before social media, insurance companies and lawyers had to hire investigators to follow people around to spy on them. Social media makes this entirely a lot easier.

If you have posted content related to your claim, you must not change evidence. Deleting your account would be considered you’re destroying evidence and that will affect your case. The best practice would be to stay off social media until your case has come to a close.

1. Why does the writer begin the passage with a question?

A．To describe the drawback of Facebook.	B．To provide the background information.
C．To give his argument and attract readers.	D．To stress the function of the social media.

2. What does the underlined word “admissible” in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．Powerful.

B．Final.

C．Acceptable.

D．Equal.

3. What’s the writer’s attitude towards social media?

A．Supportive.

B．Cautious.

C．Disapproval.

D．Indifferent.

4. Which of the following can be the main idea of the passage?

A．Keep away from social media.	B．Post good and bad things on social media.
C．Communicate with your friends face to face.	D．Stay off social media for a personal injury claim.

3 . A map is a drawing that give us information about a place at a particular time. Maps are a representation of the real world drawn _________ on a flat surface but many times _________ than the place itself. Maps are one of the oldest forms of nonverbal (非言语的) _________. Every culture in every part of the world makes and uses maps. The art and _________ of making maps is called cartography (制图学). A person making maps is called a cartographer. In fact, all the information about one place cannot be _________ in a single map. Different _________ of a place can be shown in different types of maps.

There are two main types of maps—physical maps and political maps. Physical maps show the _________ of the land-hills, lakes, forests, the coast and so on. _________ maps show how the land is used by people—counties, provinces, countries, town boundaries, etc. Both types of map have _________ over time because forests are cut down, roads are built, towns expand and borders change. Most maps include a compass rose which indicates the __________. In the meanwhile, they __________ include a scale (比例尺), which is useful for estimating __________.

People use or “read” maps because of different __________. For example, we often use them when we are traveling to the places that we are not __________ with. News reporters use maps to tell us __________ things are happening in the world, __________ use them to navigate (导航) the skies and fishermen to navigate the seas.

Maps have an exciting history of their own. Over time, they __________ from being rough sketches, often based on travelers’ tales and stories __________ through word of mouth that may or may not have been __________. Nowadays maps are accurate scientific instruments. Their __________ runs along with the progress of civilisation.

1.

A．accurately

B．purposely

C．occasionally

D．permanently

2.

A．wider

B．larger

C．longer

D．smaller

3.

A．behavior

B．language

C．learning

D．communication

4.

A．experiment

B．instrument

C．science

D．result

5.

A．downloaded

B．put

C．reported

D．updated

6.

A．locations

B．aspects

C．landscapes

D．histories

7.

A．origins

B．views

C．outlines

D．benefits

8.

A．Historic

B．Delicate

C．Political

D．Abstract

9.

A．changed

B．disappeared

C．arisen

D．spread

10.

A．time

B．directions

C．weather

D．spots

11.

A．just

B．ever

C．also

D．even

12.

A．area

B．width

C．length

D．distance

13.

A．reasons

B．hobbies

C．stands

D．levels

14.

A．careful

B．concerned

C．satisfied

D．familiar

15.

A．how

B．where

C．why

D．when

16.

A．pilots

B．drivers

C．astronomers

D．sailors

17.

A．ranged

B．advanced

C．differed

D．rose

18.

A．written down

B．heard of

C．passed on

D．set aside

19.

A．charming

B．funny

C．direct

D．true

20.

A．development

B．appearance

C．operation

D．function

4 . An office party can be a double-edged sword. There are four questions about how employees should handle themselves at company parties:

    1     Dress to impress, but also present yourself appropriately. The location and time of the party should indicate what kind of dress code to expect. Remember you are attending a company outing; you are not a celebrity walking the red carpet. So leave the 4-inch heels at home, along with anything short, tight or revealing.

Should I be “fashionably late”? No.     2    . Your co-workers will remember if you are 10 minutes late. Late arrival or early departure may not ruin your career, but your attendance shows loyalty to your manager and your organization.

Should I talk with the senior executives? Yes! There are only a few opportunities to make yourself known to the CEO and executive directors, and this is one of them.     3    .

What if I’m not very social? Don’t be tempted to turn to your phone to avoid conversations by texting your friends or checking your Twitter feed the entire night.     4    . This is the perfect opportunity to step outside of your comfort zone and introduce yourself to people from another division whom you may not have met. To help, think of a few topics or questions before the party that you can use to strike up a conversation with someone new.

    5    . Before you leave, make sure you find your boss, CEO and the staff that put the party together and thank them for a great event.

A．How should I dress up

B．What make-up should I wear

C．Arrive in the first 30 minutes

D．Don’t forget to convey appreciation

E．Late arrival is a new trend nowadays

F．And don’t just hang out with those from your group

G．Thus, take advantage of it and give yourself a proper introduction

5 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Every girl dreamed when she was young and Cindy was no exception. Her favorite ballet was Swan and Lake and she had read dozens of books from the library or in the bookstore on how to become a ballerina. She anxiously hoped that one day her dream would come true. She had taken ballet lessons and all her teachers confirmed that she was a good student and full of potential, which made her look forward to the future.

One day she saw an advertisement that a famous ballerina troupe (剧团) would be performing in her hometown. Her thoughts ran wild, “I must meet up with the leader of the troupe and show him my skills,” she murmured to herself. She dressed herself in her ballerina costume and managed to avoid the guards and hid in the dressing room to wait, with her heart pounding. It was uncertain whether she could see the leader.

Luckily, the leader entered and she timidly knocked at the door.

She bravely approached him and handed him a bunch of red roses. And in her excitement, she pricked (刺) her finger on the thorns but she did not make a big thing about the pain. The leader observed her action, nodding his head slightly, as she told him her dream. “All right, you dance and I will give you my judgment.”

But half way through the dance he stopped her and said with an impish (恶作剧的) smile Cindy didn’t notice, “I’m sorry you’re not good enough!” On hearing this, Cindy was too ashamed to ask the leader the reason and ran crying away, as fast as her legs could carry her without a brief stay. Shaking his head in disappointment, the leader said to himself, “Persistence matters more than talent.”

Three years passing, she was still chasing her dream. Then one day she heard that the same ballet troupe was performing in her town again. Bitter memories of the leader’s harsh words came flooding back to her. This time she was determined to find out why the leader had told her she was not good enough when all her teachers thought otherwise.

注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The leader glanced at Cindy in peace, “I remember how you had pricked yourself but you carried on bravely.”

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

At the thought, she ran after the leader immediately.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

One day an elderly postman knocked on the door of a house and asked if there was anyone to take the letter. As soon as he said this, a little girl's voice echoed (回响) from inside, but even after 5 minutes no one came out.

"Can anyone help you take the letter? I have to go to many more places." the postman said again.

"Uncle, if you are in a hurry, please put the letter under the door. It will take me more time. " the girl replied.

"No, it is a registered letter. Someone's signature is needed." the postman yelled.

Another 10 minutes past, there's no response. The postman got a bit cross about the delay, and he was about to shout when the door opened. He was shocked to see in front of him was a little girl with no legs. Speechless, he gave the letter quietly, took her signature and left. That day he got her name, Sally.

Sally often lived alone. Her mother died at an early age and her lather used to work far away. A maid (女仆) was invited to stay with her in the morning and evening except the day. In a month or two, mails were delivered regularly, and their interaction and attachment grew. Sally noticed that the postman used io come barefoot. Rainy season came. One day when the postman left her home, his footprints were left on wet soil. Sally struggled out with a paper and put it on print and took down the picture of his feet. She asked her maid to get shoes of that size and kept them in a box.

Diwali (排灯节) was around the corner. During Diwali, the postman used to deliver mails and got Diwali gifts from the people who got mails. But when he thought about Sally, he started thinking that he shouldn't meet the girl empty-handed during the festival. After much thought he bought some chocolate for the little girl. The next day, he went to the little girl's house and knocked.

注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

When Sally opened the door, the old postman handed her a bag of chocolate.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Arriving home, the postman opened the box.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . I was nine when my father first sent me flowers. I had been taking tap-dancing lessons for six months, and the school was holding its yearly ______. As a member of the beginners’ chorus line, I was ______ of my lowly status. So it was a ______ to have my name called out at the end of the show along with the lead ______ and to find my arms full of red roses. I can still feel myself standing on that ______, blushing and gazing out at the audience, seeing my father’s grin as he applauded ______.

As the years passed, other ______ ―birthdays, awards, graduations—were ______ with Dad’s flowers. Dad’s flowers ______ his pride, and my success. When I ______ from college, I was embarking on a new career and was engaged to be married.

As my fortunes grew, my father gradually became ______, but his gifts of flowers continued ______ he died of a heart attack a few months before his 70th birthday. I covered his coffin ______ the largest, reddest roses I could find.

Often in the dozen years since, I have felt a(n) ______ to go out and buy a big bunch to fill the living room, ______ I never did. I knew it would not be the same.

Then one birthday, the doorbell rang. I was feeling ______ because I was alone. My son, Matt, had run out earlier with a “see you later”, never mentioning my ______. So I was surprised to see his large frame at the door. “Forgot my key,” he said, shrugging. “Forgot your birthday too. Well, I hope you like ______, Mom.” He pulled a bunch of daisies from ______ his back. “Oh, Matt,” I ______, hugging him hard, “I love flowers!”

1.

A．meeting

B．report

C．speech

D．performance

2.

A．aware

B．proud

C．sick

D．tired

3.

A．mystery

B．surprise

C．relief

D．regret

4.

A．teachers

B．dancers

C．winners

D．readers

5.

A．bench

B．pavement

C．stage

D．floor

6.

A．carefully

B．politely

C．flatly

D．loudly

7.

A．movements

B．conditions

C．occasions

D．customs

8.

A．marked

B．covered

C．impressed

D．left

9.

A．developed

B．reduced

C．appeared

D．symbolized

10.

A．moved

B．benefited

C．graduated

D．worked

11.

A．careless

B．weak

C．busy

D．upset

12.

A．after

B．while

C．since

D．until

13.

A．on

B．of

C．with

D．in

14.

A．urge

B．interest

C．threat

D．opportunity

15.

A．but

B．or

C．so

D．and

16.

A．scared

B．sad

C．worried

D．nervous

17.

A．hard work

B．devotion

C．birthday

D．success

18.

A．flowers

B．cakes

C．gifts

D．cards

19.

A．beyond

B．beside

C．behind

D．before

20.

A．sighed

B．cried

C．looked

D．doubted