1 . 如果你怕得罪人，那就没有办法杀伐决断，砥砺前行，没有魄力带好一个团队。（courage）(汉译英)

3 . How to Get Used to a New School

New surroundings, unfamiliar faces and different learning standards make the transition to a new school stressful for many students. Not only are they faced with ________, they may also feel sad about leaving their old schools. Getting used to a new school takes time, but coping strategies can ease the transition.

Research

Knowing what to ________ makes the transition a little easier on everyone. Most school districts have websites with general information about individual schools, educational philosophies (理念), schedules and activities. The school calendar provides details about ________ events, such as an open house, that might help with the transition. If you know the________ of the teachers, you might even find pictures or introduction to learn a little before you meet them. The method of transportation to school is another research topic. If walking is an option, check out a map to find the best route from home to school.

Visit

The first day at any new school often is met with nervousness and sometimes confusion. Contact the school and schedule a low-pressure trip to the building before the first day so the campus looks ________ when classes start. The trip provides a chance to find lockers, classrooms and key spots, such as the cafeteria. If the teacher is available, a meeting is a possibility. The________ may ease some fears about starting at an unknown school.

Get Involved

________ in the community even before the first day of school can help with the move. You meet new people who may also attend the school or have children at the school. Those familiar faces make the school less frightening in the beginning. Once classes start, the school offers other ways to get involved, ________ joining after-school activities or student organizations.

Establish a Routine

A new school often means a new routine, including morning ig preparation, getting to school and after-school activities. Setting into a routine gives the family a sense of familiarity. With all of the changes, a daily schedule gives children some stability. The routine should ________ a bedtime early enough to allow for plenty of sleep. Being rested makes it easier to handle the challenges of a new school. When still adjusting to the school, allow for yourself plenty of time in the mornings ________ to get to school on time adds to the stress of being in a new situation.

1.

A．unknowns

B．comments

C．responsibilities

D．solutions

2.

A．concentrate

B．ignore

C．improve

D．expect

3.

A．unique

B．upcoming

C．amazing

D．individual

4.

A．efforts

B．characters

C．images

D．names

5.

A．familiar

B．attractive

C．different

D．beautiful

6.

A．performance

B．occasion

C．visit

D．attitude

7.

A．Interest

B．Research

C．Involvement

D．Belief

8.

A．as well as

B．such as

C．instead of

D．in addition to

9.

A．include

B．indicate

C．reveal

D．reflect

10.

A．Remembering

B．Rushing

C．Choosing

D．Planning

6 . 不论你遇到了什么事情，我将与你同甘共苦。(share) (汉译英)

8 . 文明社会的标志之一就是每个人，不论贫穷与富贵，都会受到一视同仁的对待。(treat) （汉译英）

9 . Science may never know what memories play on the mind of the California sea hare, a foot-long marine snail, when it eats algae — a sea plant — in the tide pools of the Pacific coast.

But in a new study, researchers claim to have made headway in understanding the simplest kind of memory a creature might form.

David Glanzman, a neurobiologist at the University of California, believes the kinds of memories that trigger a defensive reaction in the snail are encoded not in the connections between brain cells, as many scientists would argue, but in RNA molecules (分子) that form part of an organism’s genetic machinery.

In an experiment to test the idea, Glanzman implanted wire into the tails of California sea hares, and gave them a series of electrical shocks. The procedure sensitized the animals so that when they were prodded (戳) in a fleshy spout called a siphon, they contracted their gills (鳃状呼吸器官) in a strong defensive action.

After sensitizing the sea snails, Glanzman extracted RNA from the animals and injected it into other sea snails to see what happened. He found the recipient sea snails became sensitized, suggesting the “memory” of the electrical shocks had been transplanted. When Glanzman repeated the experiment with RNA from sea snails that had been hooked up to wires but not shocked, the reaction behavior did not transfer.

Despite the result, the work has not found widespread acceptance. “Obviously further work needs to be carried out to determine whether these changes can happen without failure in a wide range of conditions,” said Prof Sherilynn Vann, who studies memory at Cardiff University. “While the sea hare is a fantastic model for studying basic neuroscience, we must be very cautious in drawing comparisons to human memory processes.”

Tomas Ryan, who studies memory at Trinity College Dublin, is firmly unconvinced. “It’s interesting, but I don’t think they’ve transferred a memory,” he said. “This work tells me that maybe the most basic behavioral responses involve some kind of switch in the animal and there is something in the liquid that Glanzman extracts that is hitting that switch.”

But Ryan added that different thinking about memory was badly needed: “In a field like this which is so full of accepted beliefs, we need as many new ideas as possible. This work takes us down an interesting road, but I have a huge amount of skepticism about it.”

1. Why were the sea hares given electrical shocks?

A．To rob them of their memory.

B．To see how they defend themselves.

C．To break the connection between nerves.

D．To make them sensitive to external stimulations.

2. What conclusion may Glanzman draw from the experiment?

A．Memory can be encoded and changed by people.

B．Only with strong stimulation can sea snails form reaction.

C．The memory giving rise to sea snail’s sensitization is held in RNA.

D．The sea snail’s defense is probably enabled by connectivity of brain cells.

3. According to the passage, the limitations of Glanzman’s experiment involve the following EXCEPT ________.

A．The recipient sea snail’s response may require further confirmation.

B．Variables (变量) in the experiments may not have remained the same.

C．Something else other than RNA in the extract may lead to the recipient’s reaction.

D．The sea snail “memory transplant” may not apply to more complex memory process.

4. The underlined word “skepticism” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________.

A．criticism

B．doubt

C．relief

D．optimism

10 . The Decision That Changed My Life

We make decisions every day. Whether it is a small decision like what to wear that day or a big decision like where to go to college, these decisions have at least some influence on the rest of our lives. I wanted to talk about a decision I made that has changed my life forever.    1    I know that it seems like such a tiny decision, but it truly has changed my life.

I gave up soda about a month and a half before my trip to the Bahamas as a healthy step towards “getting in shape” for my trip. At first I thought it was going to be really hard giving it up, but after that first two weeks I wasn’t thinking about soda at all. One tiling led to another and I started eating better, working out more and just generally living a healthier life. I had already seen a difference in my life following this healthier life style.    2     During my trip I was extremely tempted to drink soda because all we were drinking was water.    3    

That was because I wanted to show those who maybe thought I wouldn’t be able to do it that they were wrong. Soon the urge to drink soda somewhat disappeared and I really did not even become tempted by it by the end of the trip. I got home to the States and when I got back home I decided to weigh myself. I had lost 20 pounds on my trip!

I also wanted to give some advice for those who were in the same situation as I was, where you wanted/needed to give up something that you think you can’t live without.    4     My friends really helped me out by supporting me and reminding me of the reason why I was doing it. Lastly, remember why you are giving it up. Use the goal of you losing weight or being generally healthier to motivate you through the struggle. In the end, giving up soda changed my life and I don’t regret my decision what so ever.

A．You need a support system.

B．I almost gave up a couple of times but stayed strong.

C．I felt happier, more energized and just all around better.

D．Weeks and weeks went by and I still was not missing drinking soda.

E．I hope you are inspired by my story to give up something that is bad for you.