1 . The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research. The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.
However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior or the use of animal models because in these areas, the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing scientific advances, more non-scientists will need to be able to analyze complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.
Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient communication of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while sticking to scientific accuracy. Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material. As a result, the basic information conveyed is difficult to understand or obviously wrong.
Even though scientists play a part in conveying information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. I believe that, at least in part, the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media. It exists because we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.
1. What does the example of climate change mainly serve to show?| A．Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research. |
| B．Government regulation helps the public understand science. |
| C．The public’s scientific knowledge can influence policy making. |
| D．There is widespread public mistrust and misunderstanding of scientific work. |
| A．It helps scientists to build a better public image. |
| B．It helps them to effectively popularize scientific information. |
| C．It enables scientists to better apply their findings to public health. |
| D．It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science. |
| A．They give inaccurate or complicated information. |
| B．They oversimplify people’s health problems. |
| C．They fail to mention the scientific advances. |
| D．They lack detailed information about scientific research. |
| A．Interact more with the media. |
| B．Give training to science journalists. |
| C．Improve their communication skills. |
| D．Arouse the public’s interest in science. |
| A．that, which | B．where, which | C．where, whom | D．that, whom |
3 . Success in 18 minutes
I believe that routines are the
In his book “18 Minutes: Find Your Focus, Master Distraction, and Get the Right Things Done”, Peter Bregman outlines an 18-minute daily routine that will help us to reflect on where we are going, and to
The routine Morning — 5 minutes
Taking 5 minutes in the morning to plan your day is
Each hour — 1 minute × 8
Set an alarm for each hour. When your alarm goes off, take one minute to reflect. Take a deep breath. Reflect on the last hour — did you do what you wanted to get done? Did you
Evening — 5 minutes
Take 5 minutes at the end of your work day to reflect on how the day went. Bregman suggests asking yourself the following questions:
One: How did the day go? What success did I experience? What challenges did I endure? Is there any better way to
Two: What did I learn today? What do I plan to do — differently or the same — tomorrow?
Three: Did I interact with others? Is there anyone I need to thank, or ask a question, or
Again, the point is to reflect and ensure you’re on the right path, as well as setting you up for a productive day tomorrow.
Taking time to plan and reflect on your days is important. A simple, 18-minute routine is all you need to achieve this.
| A．meaning | B．benefit | C．key | D．definition |
| A．action | B．method | C．atmosphere | D．direction |
| A．contrary to | B．in addition to | C．instead of | D．rather than |
| A．struggle | B．progress | C．reflection | D．preparation |
| A．objected | B．adapted | C．admitted | D．dedicated |
| A．predict | B．ensure | C．maintain | D．request |
| A．dramatic | B．complex | C．beneficial | D．affordable |
| A．eventually | B．extremely | C．seriously | D．annually |
| A．allows | B．recommends | C．requires | D．points |
| A．joyful | B．appropriate | C．productive | D．alarming |
| A．reflect on | B．depend on | C．focus on | D．apply for |
| A．overcome | B．overlook | C．destroy | D．spot |
| A．exchange | B．produce | C．provide | D．suggest |
| A．If | B．Unless | C．Since | D．While |
| A．Otherwise | B．Therefore | C．However | D．Besides |
6 . A few years ago, a young woman at Facebook came to my desk and asked if she could speak privately. We headed into a conference room, where she began firing off questions about how I balance work and family. As the questions came faster and faster, I started to wonder about her urgency. I interrupted to ask if she had a child. She said no, but she liked to plan ahead. I inquired if she and her partner were considering having a child. She replied that she did not have a husband, then added with a little laugh, “Actually, I don’t even have a boyfriend.”
It seemed to me that she was jumping the gun but I understood why. From an early age, girls get the message that they will have to choose between succeeding at work and being a good mother. By the time they are in college, women are already thinking about the trade-offs they will make between professional and personal goals! When asked to choose between marriage and career, female college students are twice as likely to choose marriage as their male classmates. And this concern can start even younger. Peggy Orenstein, the author of Cinderella Ate My Daughter, related the story of a five-year-old girl who came home distraught from her after-school program and told her mother that both she and the boy she had a crush on wanted to be astronauts.When her mother asked why that was a problem, the little girl replied, “When we go into space together,who will watch out kids?” At five,she thought the most challenging aspect of space travel would be dependable childcare.
As I’ve mentioned, I’m a big believe in thoughtful preparation. Everywhere I go, I carry a little notebook with my to-do list. But when it comes to integrating career and family, planning too far in advance can close doors rather than open them. I have seen this happen over and over. Women rarely make one big decision to leave the workforce. Instead, they make a lot of small decision along the way, making accommodations and sacrifices that they believe will be required to have a family. Of all the ways women hold themselves back, perhaps the most pervasive is that they leave before they leave.
1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph two “she was jumping the gun” mean in the passage?| A．She was taking action before everyone else did. |
| B．She was making preparations earlier than she was supposed to. |
| C．She was reluctant to make the decisions all by herself. |
| D．She was wondering how to balance work and family. |
| A．After-school programs in primary schools encourage children to picture their future life. |
| B．Domestic life is preventing women nowadays from pursuing higher goals in workplaces. |
| C．Females nowadays start to weigh their choice between family and career at an even earlier age. |
| D．Female college students are more willing to assume domestic responsibilities than their male classmates. |
| A．upset | B．delighted | C．satisfied | D．excited |
| A．Females are advised to make life-decisions after thoughtful preparation. |
| B．It’s better for girls to plan for leaving the workplace step by step. |
| C．Women usually make up the their mind to quit their job in a very short period of time. |
| D．Planning too early for balancing career and family is hindering females from promotion in the workplace. |
