1 . The public must be able to understand the basics of science to make informed decisions. Perhaps the most dramatic example of the negative consequences of poor communication between scientists and the public is the issue of climate change, where a variety of factors has contributed to widespread mistrust and misunderstanding of scientists and their research. The issue of climate change also illustrates how the public acceptance and understanding of science (or the lack of it) can influence governmental decision-making with regard to regulation, science policy and research funding.

However, the importance of effective communication with a general audience is not limited to hot issues like climate change. It is also critical for issues such as the genetic basis for a particular behavior or the use of animal models because in these areas, the public understanding of science can also influence policy and funding decisions. Furthermore, with continuing scientific advances, more non-scientists will need to be able to analyze complex scientific information to make decisions that directly affect their quality of life.

Science journalism is the main channel for the popularization of scientific information among the public. Much has been written about how the relationship between scientists and the media can shape the efficient communication of scientific advances to the public. Good science journalists are specialists in making complex topics accessible to a general audience, while sticking to scientific accuracy. Unfortunately, pieces of science journalism can also oversimplify and generalize their subject material. As a result, the basic information conveyed is difficult to understand or obviously wrong.

Even though scientists play a part in conveying information to journalists and ultimately the public, too often the blame for ineffective communication is placed on the side of the journalists. I believe that, at least in part, the problem lies in places other than the interaction between scientists and members of the media. It exists because we underestimate how difficult it is for scientists to communicate effectively with a diversity of audiences, and most scientists do not receive formal training in science communication.

1. What does the example of climate change mainly serve to show?

A．Adequate government funding is vital to scientific research.

B．Government regulation helps the public understand science.

C．The public’s scientific knowledge can influence policy making.

D．There is widespread public mistrust and misunderstanding of scientific work.

2. Why is it important for scientists to build a good relationship with the media?

A．It helps scientists to build a better public image.

B．It helps them to effectively popularize scientific information.

C．It enables scientists to better apply their findings to public health.

D．It enables the public to develop a positive attitude toward science.

3. What is the problem with some pieces of science journalism?

A．They give inaccurate or complicated information.

B．They oversimplify people’s health problems.

C．They fail to mention the scientific advances.

D．They lack detailed information about scientific research.

4. According to the writer, what should scientists do to communicate to the public more effectively?

A．Interact more with the media.

B．Give training to science journalists.

C．Improve their communication skills.

D．Arouse the public’s interest in science.

2 . A few years ago, a young woman at Facebook came to my desk and asked if she could speak privately. We headed into a conference room, where she began firing off questions about how I balance work and family. As the questions came faster and faster, I started to wonder about her urgency. I interrupted to ask if she had a child. She said no, but she liked to plan ahead. I inquired if she and her partner were considering having a child. She replied that she did not have a husband, then added with a little laugh, “Actually, I don’t even have a boyfriend.”

It seemed to me that she was jumping the gun but I understood why. From an early age, girls get the message that they will have to choose between succeeding at work and being a good mother. By the time they are in college, women are already thinking about the trade-offs they will make between professional and personal goals! When asked to choose between marriage and career, female college students are twice as likely to choose marriage as their male classmates. And this concern can start even younger. Peggy Orenstein, the author of Cinderella Ate My Daughter, related the story of a five-year-old girl who came home distraught from her after-school program and told her mother that both she and the boy she had a crush on wanted to be astronauts.When her mother asked why that was a problem, the little girl replied, “When we go into space together,who will watch out kids?” At five,she thought the most challenging aspect of space travel would be dependable childcare.

As I’ve mentioned, I’m a big believe in thoughtful preparation. Everywhere I go, I carry a little notebook with my to-do list. But when it comes to integrating career and family, planning too far in advance can close doors rather than open them. I have seen this happen over and over. Women rarely make one big decision to leave the workforce. Instead, they make a lot of small decision along the way, making accommodations and sacrifices that they believe will be required to have a family. Of all the ways women hold themselves back, perhaps the most pervasive is that they leave before they leave.

1. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph two “she was jumping the gun” mean in the passage?

A．She was taking action before everyone else did.

B．She was making preparations earlier than she was supposed to.

C．She was reluctant to make the decisions all by herself.

D．She was wondering how to balance work and family.

2. What is paragraph two mainly about?

A．After-school programs in primary schools encourage children to picture their future life.

B．Domestic life is preventing women nowadays from pursuing higher goals in workplaces.

C．Females nowadays start to weigh their choice between family and career at an even earlier age.

D．Female college students are more willing to assume domestic responsibilities than their male classmates.

3. What does the underlined word “distraught” in paragraph two mean?

A．upset

B．delighted

C．satisfied

D．excited

4. Which of the following statements would the author probably agree with?

A．Females are advised to make life-decisions after thoughtful preparation.

B．It’s better for girls to plan for leaving the workplace step by step.

C．Women usually make up the their mind to quit their job in a very short period of time.

D．Planning too early for balancing career and family is hindering females from promotion in the workplace.

3 . 多里安着迷于他的话语，希望自己能永远保持年轻和俊美，是肖像变老而不是他。（with的复合结构）（汉译英）

4 . 梅每天都看着它们飞翔，这有助于他发展对他的艺术至关重要的富有表现力的眼球运动。（as引导的时间状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）（汉译英）

5 . 因为除非我们真的听从蕾切尔·卡森的警告，否则有一天我们可能会在奇怪、安静而又充满恐惧的另一个寂静的春天醒来。（do强调谓语动词）（汉译英）

6 . 虽然卡森的研究成果很有说服力，而且得到了大多数评论过她的作品的科学家的支持，但这本书很快就成了农药行业评论家攻击的目标。（who引导定语从句）（汉译英）

9 . 看到学生们的进步，史密斯小姐觉得她获得了一种真正的成就感和满足感。(sense) （汉译英）